Question

Which of these smokers exhibits an optimistic bias?
a. Jim overestimates the danger of smoking and believes that he has a very high chance of developing a smoking-related disease before age 60.
b. Loraine believes that smoking is not really dangerous and so she has about the same risk for smoking-related diseases as do other people.
c. Robbie overestimates the danger of smoking and believes that she has about the same risk for smoking-related diseases as do other people.
d. Joe understands the danger of smoking but believes that his risk of a smoking-related disease is less than that of other smokers.

Answer

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