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Question
Why do you think the U.S. Government has required universities and other organizations that conduct research to establish Institutional Review Boards that review research proposals to ensure that human subjects are protected from harm?Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Students can ensure that they do not commit plagiarism by
a. using exact quotes from their sources rather than paraphrasing
b. using a website such as turnitincom to check their work before submitting it to the professor
c. putting everything into their own words so they don"t have to cite sources
d. rearranging the order of the words in a sentence written by a source that is being used
e. using only sources that anyone can find on the Internet
Q:
When a student and a professor co-author an article for publication in a professional journal
a. the student should be listed as the second author, after the professor
b. the student and professor should decide on the order of authorship credit before they begin working on the project
c. the professor should do most of the work because the professor has more experience with publishing
d. the professor should be listed as the first author, with the student second
e. the one who contributed the most to producing the article should the first-listed author
Q:
What are some of the primary benefits and problems that technology has brought to the counseling process?
Q:
Researchers are ethically obligated to
a. compensate the participants in their research, either monetarily or by an acknowledgment
b. attempt to publish their results
c. offer feedback to the participants in the study
d. enlist the help of a statistician to interpret the results
e. destroy all records that might identify participants as soon as the study is completed
Q:
In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports
a. a footnote is sufficient.
b. every person who contributed must be listed as a co-author.
c. the major professor of a dissertation study must be listed as first author.
d. appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules.
e. individuals who were paid to assist do not have to be given any credit.
Q:
Concealing from individuals that they are being studied and deceiving individuals with false information during a study
a. are forbidden by codes of ethics.
b. are sensitive areas and researchers must take care to insure that participants are not harmed when such activities take place.
c. require that participants be paid.
d. could be used as a basis to revoke a counselor's license.
e. are activities that would never be undertaken by professional researchers because studies can always be completed without resorting to such negative tactics.
Q:
2.Do you believe a counselor should be allowed to refuse to provide counseling services to some
groups of people who request them? If so, which groups and in what circumstances?
Q:
It is ethically questionable for a university professor to
a. conduct a research project with a student.
b. supervise the research activities of a student.
c. require a student to participate in a research project.
d. co-present with a student at a professional conference.
e. write a letter of recommendation for a job for a student with whom he or she has conducted a research study.
Q:
A difference between consultation and counseling is that
a. consultation is a mandated activity, whereas counseling is usually sought voluntarily
b. consultants provide indirect services to clients, whereas counseling is a direct service
c. consultation involves a relationship among equals and does not involve a power differential
d. consultation focuses on work relationships, whereas counseling focuses on personal and interpersonal relationships
e. confidentiality is not an issue in consultation, while it is a primary concern in counseling
Q:
What are the differences among legal standards, ethical standards, and best practice?
Q:
Assuming that you are a moral and responsible person (as are most counselors), why do you think it is important for you to study ethical and legal principles and the decision-making process?
Q:
An agreement for clinical supervision between a supervisor and supervisee when the supervisee has an administrative supervisor at a work site should
a. ensure that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is the one whose directives must be followed.
b. emphasize the co-equal status of the clinical and administrative supervisors.
c. state that the clinical supervisor defers to the authority of the administrative supervisor.
d. state that the counselor should contact the clinical supervisor if there is an emergency situation at work.
e. be worded in such a manner that the supervisee understands that the clinical supervisor is legally responsible for the counselors' activities during work hours.
Q:
How do relationships in counselor education, supervision, and training differ from clinical relationships?
a. they are easier because they are indirect.
b. they are tripartite.
c. they are complex.
d. they involve a university.
e. they have more equal power dynamics.
Q:
All of the following are fraudulent health care practices EXCEPT
a. continuing to see a client at risk of harming self for counseling free of charge after his or her health care benefits have run out.
b. providing family counseling services (which are not reimbursable) and reporting that individual counseling services are being provided (which are reimbursable).
c. waiving the co-payment when a co-payment is required.
d. billing for a missed session and indicating the client attended the session because missed sessions are not reimbursable.
e. reporting that an approved professional is providing direct services to a client when the services actually are being provided by a counselor who is not approved.
Q:
The primary purpose of the ACA Code of Ethics is
a. to guide our own behavior.
b. to address in an appropriate manner the behavior of other mental health professionals that appears to be unethical.
c. to set standards for ethics committees to use when complaints are filed.
d. to provide a means of punishing unethical counselors.
e. to prove to the public that counselors are professionals.
Q:
What are differences between a friendship and a counseling relationship?
Q:
It is impossible for counselors to understand all aspects of the law but the best advice for counselors who face legal questions is to
a. listen to their lawyer and do what the lawyer says.
b. educate themselves about the law and avoid lawyers.
c. obtain licensure to protect themselves.
d. purchase minimal professional liability insurance coverage.
e. avoid problems by always doing things in such a way that no one could ever complain.
Q:
What do you think should be done if a counselor becomes addicted to alcohol and is not counseling effectively?
Q:
In the event a counselor has a client with a large bill for services that is several months late, the counselor should
a. sue the client.
b. threaten the client with a law suit if payment is not made.
c. report the client to the state licensure board.
d. forget the bill and take steps in the future to prevent these bills from developing.
e. pay a bill collector to collect the money due.
Q:
A "sliding scale" in counseling refers to
a. a chart that indicates the degree to which a client is functioning.
b. a system of rotation that determines when a counselor is "on call" for the weekend.
c. a fee structure based on the client's family income and family size.
d. a fee structure based on the net worth of the individual.
e. the degree to which a counselor is willing to render a diagnosis to meet the requirements of an insurance company or third party payer.
Q:
The potential benefits of diagnosis include all of the following, EXCEPT
a. accurate diagnosis can help counselors and clients predict the course of the disorder
b. it facilitates communication among treatment professionals
c. diagnosis can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. it can help counselors identify a client's medical condition so that the client can be referred to a physician
e. it can assist counselors to develop effective treatment plans
Q:
According to the text, counselors often are uncomfortable with diagnosing mental disorders because
a. they would prefer to avoid dealing with managed care companies.
b. they are concerned that doctorate-holding psychologists will challenge the accuracy of their diagnoses.
c. the diagnostic system is grounded in the medical model, as opposed to the wellness model.
d. they do not believe they are qualified to diagnose mental disorders.
e. it is difficult to accurately explain a diagnosis to a client.
Q:
The ACA Code of Ethics requires counselors to explain to clients, before testing takes place, all of the following EXCEPT
a. that clients may ask questions while they are taking the test if any items are confusing to them.
b. the nature and purposes of the tests.
c. whether test results will be used as a screening tool for membership in a counseling group.
d. what conditions produce the best test results.
e. that they will receive feedback about the test results.
Q:
Child custody evaluations must be all of the following EXCEPT
a. unbiased.
b. objective.
c. conducted by a counselor other than the parent's individual counselor.
d. reported to the judge.
e. approved by each of the child's parents.
Q:
Key points with respect to diagnosis include all of the following EXCEPT
a. clients should not be told the diagnosis that has been assigned to them.
b. counselors must be alert to sources of bias against women and minority group members in the diagnostic process.
c. counselors should cooperate with physicians when clients may have a physical condition that is contributing to their mental or emotional problems or when they could benefit from taking medications for their condition.
d. multicultural considerations are of paramount importance in diagnosis because all mental disorders occur in and are defined by a cultural context.
e. counselors are guilty of insurance fraud when they do not diagnosis honestly and accurately and they can be subject to both civil and criminal liability.
Q:
The primary purpose of diagnosis is to
a. label clients.
b. facilitate effective treatment.
c. help clients gain future employment.
d. obtain insurance reimbursement.
e. show that a particular client has a verifiable mental disorder.
Q:
When a member expresses a desire to drop out of an ongoing group, the counselor should
a. persuade the member to stay in the group for the good of the group
b. bring the group to a close and start over with members who wish to continue
c. encourage the member to discuss the decision with the group
d. notify the remaining members in writing of that member's decision
e. assume that the group is dysfunctional
Q:
A counselor who is beginning a group
a. should require all group members to sign a pledge to keep information from the group confidential.
b. should explain that nothing is confidential because group members do not have the same obligation as professional counselors to keep information private.
c. should explain that while the counselor will keep things confidential, there is no guarantee others in the group will do the same.
d. should guarantee all information in the group will remain private.
e. should explain that group members who violate the confidentiality of other group members will be reported to the counselor licensure board.
Q:
A family counselor who uses paradoxical directives or interventions could get into trouble because clients who follow their prescriptions for behavior may be
a. confused.
b. harmed.
c. engaging in illegal activities.
d. suspicious of the counselor's motives.
e. distracted.
Q:
With respect to counseling minor clients who are considering abortion
a. counselors should be aware that most teens avoiding talking to their parents about pregnancy because
adolescents need to rebel against parental authority
b. that these clients may need to process issues of abuse, loss, love, and hopes for the future
c. counselors should advocate their own moral position regarding abortion
d. counselors should exercise care when assisting a minor to obtain an abortion
e. counselors should immediately refer these clients to medical professionals