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Question
Why does Vitebsky argue that the word "shamanism" may not be an accurate term?
A. The term "shaman" is only used by the people in about half the religions referred to as "shamanism."
B. Neo-shamanism of today has changed people's ideas of traditional shamanism.
C. "-ism" carries a connotation of formality used when describing "western" religions which may be inappropriate for more fluid and flexible religions.
D. The term was derived from a tribe in Amazonia which has few similarities to other peoples around the world.
Answer
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Related questions
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Religious texts offered in the libraries of prisons are controlled by the Department of Homeland security
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Activists like Abouhalima and Osama bin Laden use rhetoric claiming new forms of religiosity when, in reality, they are defending ancient faiths.
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Islamic banking practices promote the success of small businesses with their philosophy of sharing capital and labor, risk and profit.
Q:
All of the following are ways that "ecology monks" advocate for their cause EXCEPT:
A. Donating their offerings to local community and environmental projects
B. Teaching about and publically advocating for environmental conservation
C. Offering recycling and composting facilities at Temples
D. Officially ordaining trees and forests
Q:
Juergensmeyer concludes that movements of religious nationalism will continue to arise and gain adherents until
A. the violence and animosity within the organizations turns them inward upon themselves and they collapse, as has already happened with several militant religious groups.
B. the conservative and exploitive tendencies of the Western superpowers are brought under control.
C. the nations of the world all return to ideological religious political systems representing cultural, ethnic, and religious heritage and traditions.
D. there is a surer sense of the moral legitimacy of secular nationalism.
Q:
A warring attitude implies that
A. violence is an inherent human trait.
B. peace can never be achieved among groups with vastly conflicting ideologies.
C. the one who holds it will take whatever measures necessary to defend the sovereignty of its country.
D. the one who holds it believes compromise is impossible or does not want an accommodating solution in the first place.
Q:
When the shah's modernist government outlawed the chador in Iran in 1936
A. women suddenly had a great deal more freedom than ever before, prompting a fundamentalist backlash.
B. the pan-Middle East women's right's movement was born.
C. women began entering the public sphere in massive numbers.
D. many independent women became dependent, among many other negative and restrictive consequences of the sweeping and empty measure.
Q:
Political issues related to disagreements about issues of conversion include:
A. Conflict over the tenure of rabbis who play a powerful role in deciding who can convert
B. Tension between more and less Orthadox factions within the Jewish community
C. Revolts against religious leaders over continuously changing and seemingly arbitrary guidelines as to who can convert
D. All of the above
Q:
In light of Lewis's interviews, we might conclude that a central theme in Rastafarian reasoning sessions is
A. the denunciation of hypocrisy.
B. hope for repatriation to Ethiopia.
C. the life affirming institution of family.
D. the advancement of Rastafarian culture through world-wide reggae music.
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Certain foods are linked to particular religious holidays in Oaxaca. Mole is associated with Days of the Dead while King cake is associated with Epiphany,
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Conklin describes European cannibalism as social and cannibalism in South America and the New World as a social
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The Berawan people practice secondary burial, but they don't actually bury the dead at all.
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The Berawan people of north-central Borneo are terrified by the American practice of keeping a massive standing army of potential zombies in our midst.
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The various lwa, or spirits, have essentially been fitted into Haitian Catholicism as a replacement of the holy trinity.
Q:
Prominent attitudes towards death that are displayed in Day of the Dead practices include.
A. honoring of the dead through altars and visitations shows respect and keeps the dead happy so they do not come back and haunt.
B. showing care and respect to the dead implies that you show care and respect for yourself as well as for your living friends and relatives.
C. take comfort in death because it is inevitable; and it is important to keep the dead alive through memories.
D. All of the above.
Q:
Cannibalism is linked to which if the following historical events discussed in Conklin's article:
A. Spanish conquest and killing of natives in the New World
B. "otherizing" to justify enslavement of Africans
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
Q:
In many preliterate societies, witchcraft serves as an everyday, socially acceptable way of managing tension, explaining the otherwise unexplainable, leveling disparities in wealth and status, and resolving social conflict.
Q:
Luhrmann, a witch herself, traces the modern revival of witchcraft to
A. ancient Pagan magico-religious cults rediscovered in Celtic texts and artifacts.
B. the anthropological dissemination of ancient (pre-Christian) Sumerian goddess rites previously unknown in the Western world.
C. the fictitious ethnographies and other writings produced by Gerald Gardner in the 1940s.
D. a modern reexamination of the goddess cults and festivals held in Ancient Greece in honor of Aphrodite.
Q:
In Namibia, a witchcraft accusation can result in
A. increased isolation and severing of social ties for the accused and their family
B. increased isolation and severing of social ties for the victim and their family
C. Both of the above
D. Neither of the above
Q:
The linkage of witchcraft to HIV/AIDS in Namibia has __________ enrolment in HIV/AIDS antiretroviral treatment.
A. dramatically decreased
B. decreased
C. maintained
D. increased
Q:
The linkage of witchcraft to HIV/AIDS in Namibia has __________ incidence of HIV/AIDS testing and diagnosis.
A. dramatically decreased
B. decreased
C. maintained
D. increased
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In Thomas's article, Witchcraft is a popular explanation for HIV due to
A. rapid and often unpredictable socio-economic change
B. high rate of illness and death in persons of prime working age
C. traditional regional attribution of misfortune to witchcraft
D. All of the above
Q:
Witches and sorcerers are
A. terms that are used interchangeably in anthropology to refer to those who manipulate supernatural forces to do harm to others.
B. essentially the same except that witches tend to be female, while sorcery is an exclusively male profession; therefore, both roles are often represented in preliterate societies.
C. increasingly being differentiated in the field of anthropology on the basis of the source of their power and their physical and social associations.
D. universally understood as harbingers of misfortune and evil.
Q:
According to Kenyon's research on "zar" possessions in Sudan, all of the following demographics show presence of "zar" beliefs or practices EXCEPT:
A. Non-Muslims living in Southern and Western regions
B. Muslims living in Southern and Western regions
C. Widespread Rural populations
D. None of the above
Q:
All participants in the Burning Man Festival experience healing, rites of passage, a liminal space, and communitas.
Q:
Water, symbolic of fluidity, is critical in many curandisimo practices as a purifier.
Q:
Gilmore draws upon Victor Truner's components of "rites of passage" to analyze the Burning Man Festival. These components are:
A. (1) Ritualized journey to a (2) specific culturally imbued geographic location intended to (3) connect individuals to a collective experience of (4) something beyond their ordinary existence, something perhaps sacred, transcendent, healing, or transformative, however, the individuals and communities involved choose to conceive those ideas and that (5) can emerge in either religious or secular contexts.
B. (1) Ritualized journey to a (2) specific culturally imbued geographic or nonexistent metaphoric location intended to (3) connect individuals to a collective experience of (4) something beyond their ordinary existence, something perhaps sacred, transcendent, healing, or transformative, however, the individuals and communities involved choose to conceive those ideas and that (5) can emerge in only religious contexts.
C. (1) Journey to a (2) specific culturally imbued geographic location intended to (3) connect individuals to a collective experience.
D. (1) Ritualized journey to a (2) specific culturally imbued geographic location intended to (3) connect individuals to a collective experience (4) that is multi-phasic.
Q:
J'varo shamans must purchase tsentsaks again and again throughout their career to maintain power.
Q:
What three elements does Hutson believe are crucial to a rave?
A. mind altering drugs, dance music, long duration.
B. dance music, rhythmic drumming, mind altering drugs.
C. dance music, long duration, ecstatic experience.
D. rhythmic drumming, flashing lights, ecstatic experience.
Q:
Among the J'varo Indians, both bewitching and curing shamans use a hallucinogenic drink the J'varo refer to as
A. ayahuasca.
B. yag or yaj.
C. natema.
D. Banisteriopsis.