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Question
Yard Mowing. Paula agreed to mow John's yard once a week for $50 per week throughout the summer. Paula, however, was having trouble getting her money from John. On one occasion, he in handwriting gave her an IOU stating "I, John Jones, owe Paula Smith $50" which he signed at the end. A couple of weeks later, John did not have the money with which to pay Paula for additional mowing, and he handwrote the following on a piece of paper and gave it to her: "I, John Jones, promise to pay Paula Smith or to bearer, the sum of $100 on Monday, July 22, 2012." Paula quit mowing John's yard, and disgusted with John, Paula assigned both documents to Vince. When Vince presented the documents to John, John refused to pay on the basis that after inspecting the yard, he decided that Paula was doing a poor job. Vince told him the documents constituted negotiable instruments, but John disagreed. Which of the following is true regarding whether the handwritten statement "I, John Jones, owe Paula Smith $50" coupled with the signature of John Jones is sufficient to constitute a negotiable instrument?
A. The instrument is negotiable because John Jones signed following the statement of debt.
B. The instrument is negotiable regardless of whether John Jones additionally signed following the statement of debt.
C. The instrument is negotiable only so long as Paula Smith does not attempt to transfer the document to anyone.
D. The instrument is not negotiable because the amount due to Paula was overdue when the IOU was made.
E. Acknowledging a debt through an IOU does not create an unconditional promise or order to pay.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
If a legal contract is formed and the subject of the contract then becomes illegal under a new statute, the contract is _____.
A. discharged
B. enforced
C. disregarded
D. executed
E. executory
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Which of the following was the result in John Miller v. Jay Preefer, Richard Preefer, Comproised Management, Inc., and Palm Beach Ale House and Raw Bar Inc., the case in the text involving Florida law in which the plaintiff claimed that a covenant not to compete in regard to the restaurant business entered into in conjunction with a settlement agreement was unenforceable as a violation of public policy?
A. That Florida law provides for enforceability of covenants not to compete under specific circumstances including when entered into as part of a settlement agreement.
B. That all covenants not to compete, including the one at issue, were illegal under Florida law.
C. That Florida law enforces all covenants not to compete.
D. That the covenant not to compete was illegal only because the time constraint was excessive.
E. That the plaintiff waited too long to sue after the final judgment incorporating the covenant not to compete and that the covenant not to compete was, therefore, enforceable.
Q:
Guardians may be appointed for which of the following?
A. Only those who are adjudicated insane.
B. Only those who are adjudicated habitual drunkards.
C. Only those whose judgment has been impaired because of a condition such as Alzheimer's.
D. Those who are adjudicated insane or those whose judgment has been impaired because of a condition such as Alzheimer's, but not those who are adjudicated habitual drunkards.
E. Those who are adjudicated insane, those whose judgment has been impaired because of a condition such as Alzheimer's, and also those who are adjudicated habitual drunkards.
Q:
Historically, which of the following were considered people with limited or no capacity?
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B. Insane persons, single women, and minors
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E. Minors, insane persons, and married women
Q:
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A ratification must be expressed in order to be legally valid.
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Traditionally, if Sam, who is 17 years old, purchases a television from a store, signs a 11-month contract, and then drops it on the way home, Sam could return the television and be entitled to the return of his down payment.
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Q:
Marcy's Mom. Marcy's mother, Sue, did not want her to date until she was older. She also wanted Marcy to attend law school. Just before Marcy started her freshman year in college, Sue told Marcy that if Marcy would refrain from dating until she received her law degree, then Sue would pay off all Marcy's school loans and throw in an extra $50,000. Marcy agrees and states, "Thanks, Mom, and by the way, when I graduate I'm throwing you a big party for all you've done for me!" Sue smiles and hugs Marcy. Marcy finished law school and asked for payment of her loans, the $50,000 in cash, and for a car. Sue said, "No way - I know you went out on some dates during law school, and I never agreed on the car." Marcy said those were just study nights and that her mother had never objected to Marcy's frequent statements that she wanted a car upon graduation. Sue asks about the party. Marcy tells her that she is nuts because there is no way Marcy can afford a party since Sue has backed out of the deal. After some serious negotiation Marcy and Sue settled their dispute with Sue agreeing to pay for half of Marcy's school loans and for all the expenses of Marcy's upcoming wedding, and to forget about Marcy throwing a party for her. What type of alleged debt was involved in the dispute between Marcy and Sue involving the school loans, additional funds, car, and party?
A. Liquidated
B. Unliquidated
C. Supported
D. Unsupported
E. Liquidated in relation to the school loans, additional funds, and car; and unsupported in relation to the party.
Q:
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A. The bank is likely to prevail because Ursula only provided past consideration.
B. The bank is likely to prevail because Ursula was tainted by being Victor's girlfriend.
C. The bank is likely to prevail because no valid bilateral contract existed.
D. Ursula is likely to prevail because a valid bilateral contract existed.
E. Ursula is likely to prevail because an enforceable unilateral contract exists based on her provision of information leading to the capture of Victor.
Q:
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A. Sam must return the computer only.
B. Sam must return the business law book only.
C. Sam must return the communications book only.
D. Sam must return the computer, the business law book, and the communications book.
E. Sam does not legally have to return anything.
Q:
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A. satisfaction
B. accord
C. both satisfaction and accord
D. written compromise
E. written acknowledgement
Q:
In a(n) ______ debt, the parties either dispute the fact that any money is owed or agree that some money is owed but dispute the amount.
A. disputed
B. unacknowledged
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Q:
In a(n) ______ debt, there is no dispute about the fact that money is owed and the amount of money owed.
A. actual
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Q:
Courtney, who does not keep up with the price of current technology, agrees to buy a used computer from Jake for $2,500. Later, Brice tells Courtney that she made a really bad deal and that she could get an even better new computer for no more than $1,000. Courtney tells Jake that she is not giving him any money because he was not fair with her. Which of the following is the most likely result if Jake sues Courtney alleging breach of contract?
A. Brice will win only if he can establish that Brice is wrong and that the deal was actually reasonable.
B. Brice will win because the court would not weigh whether a good bargain was made.
C. Courtney will win if she can establish that she paid at least 75% more than the computer was actually worth.
D. Courtney will win if she can establish that she paid at least 50% more than the computer was actually worth.
E. Courtney will win if she can establish that she made a bad deal and that truly she was not aware of current prices of computers.
Q:
In Hamer v. Sidway, the New York Court of Appeals found that forbearance:
A. Negates the enforceability of a contract.
B. Is not mandatory for a contract to be binding.
C. Is unconstitutional.
D. Is sufficient consideration for a valid contract.
E. Is insufficient consideration for a valid contract.
Q:
In a bilateral contract, the consideration for each promise is ______.
A. a completed act
B. the beginning of action in acceptance, even if it is not complete
C. an acknowledgement
D. a return promise
E. an agreement
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A. The agency representative was wrong; and if Monique cannot resolve the issue within the agency, she may appeal to court for judicial review.
B. Because the agency was set up to protect the safety of the public, the agency representative is correct unless Monique can establish that she entered into a separate contractual arrangement with the agency when she was hired that gave her the right to appeal decisions to court.
C. Further information is needed regarding whether the agency was an executive agency or an independent agency because while actions of an independent agency may be appealed to court, actions of an executive agency may not be appealed to court.
D. Further information is needed regarding whether the agency was an executive agency or an independent agency because while actions of an executive agency may be appealed to court, actions of an independent agency may not be appealed to court.
E. Because the agency was set up to protect the safety of the public, the agency representative is correct; and Monique has no right to a court action and no right to enter into a contractual agreement with the agency regarding appeal rights.
Q:
Under the Privacy Act, an individual may have the right to:
A. see federal agency records about themselves.
B. to amend an inaccurate agency record.
C. to sue the government for statute violations.
D. see and amend federal agency records.
E. see and amend federal agency records as well as sue the government for statute violations.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding the Freedom of Information Act?
A. Information may be obtained under the act regarding how an agency gets and spends its money.
B. Citizens are entitled to any records that the government has about them.
C. Records involving national security are exempted from the act.
D. Information regarding the agency's personnel records may be obtained under the act.
E. Records involving an individual's private life are exempted from the act.
Q:
In order to be upheld in court, an agency's fact finding must be supported by which of the following?
A. Substantial evidence
B. A rational basis
C. Any evidence
D. Reasonable evidence
E. Non-hearsay evidence
Q:
Executive agencies are referred to as which of the following?
A. Judicial-level agencies
B. Adjudicative agencies
C. Cabinet-level agencies
D. Approval agencies
E. Presidential agencies
Q:
What do the initials ALJ represent in the administrative law arena?
A. Administrative Legal Journal
B. Agency Legal Jargon
C. Administrative Law Judge
D. Agency Legal Judge
E. Agency Law Jurisprudence
Q:
Which of the following is an order issued by an agency to appear at a particular time and place and bring specified documents?
A. A subpoena
B. A subpoena duces tecum
C. A summons
D. A summons duces tecum
E. A required documented appearance
Q:
Which of the following is an order issued by an agency to appear at a particular time and place and provide testimony?
A. A subpoena
B. A subpoena duces tecum
C. A summons
D. A summons duces tecum
E. A required documented appearance
Q:
According to the text, what are three criticisms of arbitration when compared to traditional litigation?
Q:
In order to ensure that a case or controversy exists, the plaintiff must show:
A. An adverse relationship between the parties.
B. An actual legal dispute.
C. It is a proper matter for judicial determination.
D. An adverse relationship between the parties and an actual legal dispute.
E. An adverse relationship between the parties, an actual legal dispute, and it is a proper matter for judicial determination.
Q:
A court acquires in personam jurisdiction over the plaintiff when:
A. Service of process is issued.
B. Plaintiff is given a copy of the complaint by the court.
C. Plaintiff files a lawsuit with the court.
D. Defendant files an answer.
E. Plaintiff is injured within the state's border.
Q:
Puppy Woes. Sam promised to sell Linda a Welsh Corgi puppy for $300 but backed out of the deal. Linda sued Sam in state court for breach of contract. Linda asked for a jury in her complaint. During jury selection, one juror, Ann, said that they did not think they could be fair to Linda because Linda did not appear to be a dog lover. Linda asked that Ann not hear the case, and the judge excused Ann. Linda also decided that another juror, Sandy, looked at her in a grumpy manner so she asked the judge to excuse that juror from serving. The judge did so. After the jury was chosen, Linda made a statement to the jury, as did Sam. Linda then called to the witness stand a friend of hers, Brenda, who heard the discussion held between Linda and Sam regarding the purchase of the puppy. Brenda testified under questioning by Linda that she heard Linda say that she would pay $300 for the puppy and that she also heard Sam say that he would sell the dog for that amount. Unfortunately for Linda, Brenda also testified in response to questioning by Sam that Sam distinctly told Linda that he would only sell the puppy to her if Linda came with cash for the puppy within seven days. Linda did not show up with the money for ten days and Sam had already sold the dog to someone else. The judge ruled in favor of Sam. The challenge to the juror who seemed grumpy is referred to as a(n)
A. Peremptory challenge.
B. Challenge for cause.
C. Stipulated challenge.
D. Fairness challenge.
E. Approved challenge.