Q&A Hero

Q: Career development programs have been in place in this country since the -------- in the twentieth century. a. Fifties b. Sixties c. Seventies d. Eighties

Q: A project is a longer term a. Individual set of actions b Actions taken by two or more people c. The result of narratives d. a & b above

Q: Counselors in business and industry must reorient their thinking to put the company first.

Q: For Young, Valach, and Collin, the only way to understand the individual is a. Look at her or his history b Examine the individual's culture c. Determine where there are in the present d. All of the above

Q: Much of the mentoring that goes on in businesses is informal in nature.

Q: Chaos when referencing the self, from the point of view of Bloch, Pryor and others refers to a. The self as an open system b A dynamically unstable self c. A self that is for all practical purpose dynamically out of control d. a & b above

Q: Job rotation programs allow employees to shadow other employees as one means of helping them do career exploration.

Q: From a postmodern perspective the individual's self develops a. In continuous interaction with her or his environment b. Differently for each individual c. Differently in ethnic minorities than in Caucasians d. a & b above

Q: It is safe to say that managers and employees in business settings are open to a wide variety of career development interventions.

Q: Narratives can be best defined as a. Individual goals as they look into their futures b The sum total of the individual's striving c. Life stories d. Summaries of the individual interaction with her or his family

Q: The needs assessment process should probably be conducted by an external agency if it is to accurately reflect the employee's opinions.

Q: Fractals are, according to Bloch a. Adaptive entities b. Nested and interdependent c. Can be used as a synonym for career d. All of the above

Q: Organizational development and career development are synonymous terms.

Q: Contexualists criticize other career development theorists for a. Emphasizing cause and effect relationships b. Generalizing information from research findings c. Emphasizing the role of the history of the individual d. All the above

Q: Historically career development in business was aimed at managers only.

Q: For the contextualists preparing for a career would be seen as a. An action b. A joint action c. A stream d. A project

Q: In the past employers have conducted career planning in a manner that was helpful to the business but not to the employees.

Q: In Brief Solution-Fused Career Counseling. One of the steps is having the client search for exceptions to what they perceive is the usual course of events. In realty this step is a search for mistakes made in past situations.

Q: After deciding what tests and inventories are to be offered to clients the next step is toa. Establish as secure storage areab. Budget to purchase the testsc. Become qualified to purchase the assessment devicesd. Check the cultural sensitivity of the tests and inventories

Q: In Bright and Pryor's conceptualization of career counseling the counselors look for repetitive patters called attractors. Although it seems contradictory they (and Admunson) identify an attractor which they call a strange attractor which is not repetitive.

Q: Outplacement fees are often based on a. An hourly rate b. A percentage of the laid off employees salary and the level of the employee c. This depends on the degrees and credentials of the outplacement officer d. Industry in which service is offered

Q: Bright and Pryor seem to agree to a certain extent with Krumbotlz about the importance of chance events.in career development

Q: Which of the following should not be included in an advertisement a. A degree unrelated to the service offered b. A special membership in a professional organization such as fellow or diplomat c. Institution where degree obtained d. Service specialty

Q: Unity seems to be the goal of human striving for Bloch and Richmond. They define it as confidence that you can trust yourself to cope with what comes your way.

Q: Non ads are probably best classified as a. Publicity b. Advertising c. Both a & b d. Neither a or b

Q: People have a tendency to return to the same place as they try to survive and thrive. Bloch calls these places attractors.

Q: The main characteristic of the non-ad is a. It calls attention to the practice without a direct solicitation b. It is given away c. It involves the practitioner in the community d. All of the above

Q: Savickas would use the RIASEC information from Holland's scales in the counseling process to promote reflection.

Q: According to the Ridgewood Institute that offers services to private practitioners which of the following questions must be answered first when initiating a practice? a. What is my target audience? b. How much money do I wish to make? c. Where should I locate the practice? d. Am I in business?

Q: Postmodern career counselors, with the possible exception of Savickas, that traditional interest inventories such as Holland's scales, should not be used in career counseling. The most likely explanation of this position is the idea that data about human behavior cannot be generalized to others.

Q: The amount of time needed to prepare to become a career coach a. Is generally long term " at least two years b. Varies, but over one year c. May take up to 250 hours, but may be shorter d. No standards have been established

Q: Postmodern theorists agree that there is an objective self.

Q: Practitioner licensing laws regulatea. Titles usedb. Services offeredc. May be both titles and practicesd. Fees charged

Q: Bloch equates careers to what she terms adaptive entities.

Q: Licensing laws that regulate private practice are controlled by a. Professional associations b. Federal agencies c. State licensing boards d. A combination of all three

Q: Narratives are temporal interpretations of life events that have led to the current life situation according to Young and his associates.

Q: Which of the following statements about career coaching is most accurate according to Bench? a. Career counselors do not deal with personal issues b. Career coaching is limited to skill development such as interviewing c. Career counseling is ultimately aimed at identity change d. Career counselors are primarily tutors and guides

Q: The first step in a solution focused brief approach to career is to do an audit of the immediate issues surrounding the decision-making dilemma.

Q: Career coaching differs from career counseling in that a. It is typically briefer (from start to finish) b. The people providing the service have more in-depth training c. The goals are different d. None of the above

Q: Admundson uses second order questioning to stimulate an awareness of what would happen if the career problem is not solved

Q: It is likely that in order to get a private practice started a career counselor will have to spend________% of their time marketing the service. a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60

Q: The assessment approach used by postmodern theorists to information used in counseling is more likely to be quantitative than qualitative.

Q: The latest Gallup Poll conducted by NCDA suggests that nearly________ need assistance in selecting, changing, or getting a job each year.a. 5 - 6 millionb. 10 -- 12 millionc. 11 - 13 milliond. 15 million

Q: Perhaps the least well defined factor in the learning theory based theories is the influence of a. Psychological factors other than self-efficacy b. The influence of cognitions c. The influence of self-concept d. The influence of socioeconomic factors

Q: One of the problems with many of the laws that regulate counselors is that they only regulate the title, counselor, not the practice of counseling

Q: Krumboltz includes work habits in his theory. He calls them a Self-observed generalizations b. Task Approach skills c. Special abilities d. Value3

Q: Many private practitioners have found that bartering, that is offering fees in exchange for other services is an effective means of building a private practice.

Q: In Krumboltz's theory interests would be viewed as a. Self-observed generalizations b. Cognized needs c. Task approach skills d. Associative learning experiences

Q: NBCC suggests that career counselors take the client's SES into consideration when setting fees.

Q: Krumboltz identifies four factors that influence individual development. Which of the following factors is not included in that list? a. Inherited characteristics b. Cultural heritage c. Task approach skills d. Metacognitions

Q: A non-ad occurs whenever a private practitioner provides a community service.

Q: In the social cognitive career theory interests develop as a result of a. Values b. Appraisals c. Skills d. Self-efficacy

Q: One of the advantages of having licensing laws to regulate the practice of career counselors is that the public can register complaints with the state's attorney general who can prosecute fraudulent practitioners.

Q: The career information processing model (CIP) seemingly builds on the work of a. Super b. Holland c. Meichenbaum d. Lent

Q: Peer led career development activities have been available of college campuses for at least ________ years a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 50

Q: Two of the career development theories rooted in learning theory are based to some degree of Albert Bandura's Social Learning theory. One of these, social cognitive career theory, is receiving more attention from practitioners and researchers. The most likely explanation for this is a. Its emphasis on appraisals b. Its emphasis on self-efficacy c. It is more carefully constructed d. Its postmodern underpinning

Q: With regard to structure in career counseling groups, probably the most acceptable statement would be a. The need for structure depends on the purpose of the group b. Some structure is probably required for all groups c. Unstructured groups have a definite place in career counseling d. a & b above are both acceptable

Q: Which of the following theorists do not emphasize cognitive factors? a. Peterson and associates (CIP) b. Lent and Associates (SCCT) c. Krumboltz (Happenstance d. None. They all emphasize cognitive processes

Q: Forming a successful career counseling group requires a great deal of planning and screening of participants. Who might be excluded from a group made up largely of seniors headed for graduate school? a. A gay student who would be the only gay student in the group b. A foreign student who would be the only one from her country c. A sophomore who is exploring career options d. A Hispanic student who will be the only Hispanic student in the group

Q: The theorist(s) that emphasizes preparing for conditions of uncertainty is (are) a. Bloch b. Lent and associates c. Peterson and associates d. Krumboltz

Q: Which of the following is not classified as a brief intervention in the taxonomy of interventions presented in the text? a. Career seminars b. Career counseling c. Career courses d. Workshops

Q: In the CIP model the acronym (CASVE) is used to outline the a. Counseling process b. Decision making process used by individuals c. Metacognitions that influence the individual's career development d. Cost-benefits analysis that individuals go through as they choose an occupation

Q: Sampson and his colleagues at Florida State University have developed a unique approach to delivering career development services to college students. Their approach is based on several factors of which _______________ seems to be the most important. a. Career maturity b. Progress toward graduation c. Cognitive functioning d. Personality type

Q: Social cognitive theory departs from Krumboltz" social learning theory on which major point?a. The importance attached to learningb. Use of Bandura's work as its foundationc. It emphasizes the importance of goalsd. It emphasizes the primacy of self-efficacy

Q: The author has suggested that the career center is vital to the functioning of the postsecondary career development program. This suggestion is supported by the finding that nearly ___________ are like to use the center. a. 50% b. 60% c. 70% d. 80%

Q: According to Lent and his associates, self-efficacy is a major variable in the development of a. Personality b. Values c. Self-confidence d. Interests

Q: Available data suggests that when college graduates are asked if they would try to get more occupational information if they were starting over that a. Less than 20 percent would do so? b. Half would seek more information c. Two-thirds would seek more information d. Three quarters would seek more information

Q: If your client has poorly developed interests they can be strengthened through the use of several methods, the most powerful of which is called performance enactments according to SCCT.

Q: The percentage that most accurately reflects the decisions of high school students who attend some form of postsecondary educational institution is a. 25 b. 35 c. 40 d. 50

Q: In one portion of the workplace, at least according to dual economy theory, some workers are treated as disposable.

Q: College graduates are not immune from unemployment, but for recent graduate data suggests that their unemployment rate is ________ than that of the general population. a. Lower b. About the same c. higher d. Much higher " double the rate

Q: Of the three learning theories discussed in Chapter 5 SCCT seems to be having the greatest impact on practice according to the author.

Q: Underemployment is a common phenomenon among American workers including college graduates. The statement about underemployment that is most accurate is a. It is a carefully defined construct b. Different research organizations define underemployment in different terms c. It usually means part time workers looking for full time work d. None of the above

Q: The primary emphasis in both SCCT and Krumboltz's theory is the emphasis on self-efficacy.

Q: The most widely offered career development service on college campuses is probably a. Career counseling b. Assistance with resume development c. Career classes d. Short term career exploration groups

Q: SCCT and Krumboltz's theory are compatible because of their roots in social learning theory.

Q: The major differences between the career development competencies of adults and young adults lies in the area of a. Retirement planning b. Recognizing the relationship of work and leisure c. Preparing for job transitions d. a and c above

Q: In Social Cognitive Career theory, interests are a direct outcome of self-efficacy expectations and appraisals.

Q: The open door admissions policy characterizes a. Vocational-technical institutions b. Community colleges c. Small liberal arts colleges d. a and b above

Q: Krumboltz retained the original decision making model in his "Happenstance" revision.