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Q:
It is probably the case that community colleges differ most from four-year colleges in
a. Philosophy
b. Objectives
c. Responsiveness to society
d. Job placement activities
Q:
The information processing component of the CIP model supposes that the brain functions much like a computer.
Q:
Because they have recognized the importance of making good career decisions while they are in college to the psychological well-being of students, counselors and psychologists are increasingly interested in career counseling.
Q:
Career counseling often involves an assessment component. If the three theories discussed under the general rubric of learning theory, SCCT emphasizes the use of self- ratings of abilities as an assessment strategy.
Q:
Research supports the idea that relatively brief interventions can positively affect the career development of college students.
Q:
Both Super and Gottfredson discuss the process of compromise in the career choice and development process. In this regard, _________ is more specific about the nature of this process.
a. Super
b. Gottfredson
c. They are generally equal in this area.
d. None of the above
Q:
A non-traditional college student is technically one who is over 25.
Q:
Super's minicycle seems to be his way of describing
a. What occurs when people change job
b. Of no consequence for unskilled jobs
c. Of no importance; the maxicycles tells the developmental story
d. A response to Gottfredson's ideas about circumscription.
Q:
Since older than average students return to school because they are displaced from their current jobs they more need help making career decisions.
Q:
For Super, job satisfaction is tied to the extent to which people are able to
a. Integrate the job role with other life roles
b. Achieve their life goals
c. Satisfy the status values they acquire from their family
d. None of the above
Q:
Over half of the students who graduate from high school attend some form of post-secondary educational institution.
Q:
In the event decisional anxiety is a problem, the recommended approach for eliminating it isa. Postmodern " chaos theory basedb. Trait and factor approach using the SDSc. Cognitive behavioral approachesd. All approaches seem to work with this problem
Q:
Decisional anxiety is sometimes encountered among high school students. What symptoms indicate that decisional anxiety may be present
a. Avoidance of decision making
b. Impetuous decision making
c. a & b above
d. None of the above
Q:
Children appear to develop perceptions of occupational prestige similar to those of adults by age
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
Q:
When advising college bound students with the intent of increasing the likelihood that they will complete the bachelor's degree a primary point of emphasis should be
a. Taking four years of English with some AP and honors classes
b. Completing advanced math courses
c. Time management
d. A well rounded course of study
Q:
Super contends that certain characteristics observable during school years are related to later occupational success. Which of the following has been correlated with later success?
a. Parent's socioeconomic level
b. Geographic region of residency
c. Rural or urban home location
d. Employment of both parents outside the home
Q:
Written program objectives should specify outcomes
a. In measurable terms
b. Be in place prior to the design of the program
c. Tell the when, who, and how of the program
d. All the above
Q:
According to Super, the process of career development is essentially that of:
a. Finding the appropriate career pattern
b. Reality-testing and role-playing
c. Developing and implementing a self-concept
d. Becoming aware of a basic pattern of needs
Q:
The strategy that is probably best suited to establishing the need for the career development program is
a. Gaining administrative support
b. Involving the community in the planning process.
c. Conducting a needs assessment
d. Relying on results of the end of course testing program
Q:
The occupation that has fallen most in it prestige rating in the last 80 years is
a. Physician
b. Banker
c. Lawyer
d. Civil engineer
Q:
One of the major problems with the career development competencies included in the ASCA National Model is
a. They are not comprehensive
b. Grade level in which competencies are to be developed do not match pupil development
c. There are many holes in the lists; more competencies need to be laid out.
d. None of the above
Q:
Your client is a male freshman at a community college. Your interview reveals that he has a good understanding of himself, he is aware of his strengths and weaknesses, and knows about the requirements of the fields of work he is considering. In terms of Super's concept of life stages, he is:
a. Well ahead of expected development
b. About where one would expect
c. Considerably behind expected development
d. Well ahead on job knowledge and far behind on self-knowledge.
Q:
Whiston and Sexton's review of the literature about the efficacy of school counseling interventions suggests that
a. Classroom guidance should be employed extensively
b. Individual planning is likely to yield positive outcomes
c. System support may be the most cost efficient approach to fostering career development in the public school
d. None of the above
Q:
For Gottfredson compromise in the process of making occupational choice often occurs because of perceived
a. Accessibility of the occupation
b. Self-precepts
c. Masculinity/femininity of the occupation
d. Perceived ability and accessibility
Q:
Forty years ago many schools designed and implemented career education programs. Within 20 years most of these programs had been terminated. Among the reasons for the demise of most of these programs was
a. Confusion about their purpose
b. Concern about time taken away from academic subjects
c. Their name
d. All of the above
Q:
Gottfredson believes that people develop cognitive maps of career based on
a. Self-concept, sex-role stereotypes, and financial rewards
b. Interests, sex-role stereotypes, and values
c. Sex-role stereotypes, prestige of the occupation, interests and accesibility
d. Masculinity/femininity of the occupation, occupational prestige and fields of work
Q:
It seems that efforts to improve the outcomes of the career development program for minorities must be characterized by
a. Applied equally to all students
b. Greater intensity than those for other students
c. Be provided individually
d. Be provided in the context of the school day
Q:
A synonym for postmodern theory is
a. Collaborative
b. Ipsative
c. Constructivist
d. Longitudinal
Q:
The percentage of middle school students who reported in one study that they have not given any thought to their career choice is
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 24
Q:
If Gottfredson is correct about sex-role stereotyping school counselors should begin work to offset them at what grade level?
a. Early elementary school (k-3)
b. Late elementary school (3-5)
c. Early middle school (6-7)
d. Late middle school (7-8)
Q:
It seems likely that students who avoid career decision making are experiencing
a. Anxiety because of lack of information
b. Anxiety because of irrational thoughts about the outcome
c. Depression
d. Either the aftermath or current impact of substance abuse
Q:
Super's theory is largely based on white middle class research and observations.
Q:
One of the early advocates of career development programming in schools was
a. Hoyt
b. Marland
c. Super
d. a & b above
Q:
Super and Gottfredson have essentially the same definition of self-concept.
Q:
In the ASCA National Model assessment falls under the general rubric
a. Guidance curriculum
b. Responsive services
c. Individual planning
d. None of the above
Q:
Gottfredson believes that the sex-role associated with careers is the most important variable in the career choice process.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT likely to be a goal of the career development program?
a. Increasing knowledge of career clusters
b. Promoting early career choice
c. Increasing educational achievement
d. Developing an awareness of family roles
Q:
Super was the first to pose a developmental model of career choice and development.
Q:
Systematic career development programs are characterized by:
a. Student involvement in planning
b. School board input
c. Input on self-concept
d. Measureable objectives
Q:
Super's Life-Career Rainbow is out of date, mostly because of changes in women's career patterns..
Q:
Most of the K-12 career development program falls under the Guidance Curriculum in the ASCA National Model.
Q:
Super defines career maturity as the individual's readiness and ability to deal with the occupational challenges and problems that confront him/her.
Q:
The first step in planning a career development program is to appoint an advisory committee as per the ASCA National Model.
Q:
According to Super's theory there are trial and stable phases of the exploration stage.
Q:
Career counseling falls under the rubric of responsive service in the ASCA National Model.
Q:
Super believed that career choice is an implementation of the individual's self-concepts.
Q:
The competencies that are included in the National Standards incorporated into the ASCA National Model are stated in operational terms.
Q:
Super's fourteen postulates have been modified over the years but, they were all part of his original theory.
Q:
The ASCA National model is now a major force in shaping career development programs in public schools.
Q:
For Gottfredson the self-concept ranks second in importance to sex-role stereotyping as a determinant of occupational choice.
Q:
Planning for product evaluation of a career program begins at the objective setting stage.
Q:
Although many theories of career development have been proposed for subgroups such as women and minorities in the U. S., none has been widely adopted. The most likely reason for this is
a. They belong to a common culture that highly influences career choice
b. The occupational structure forces people into a common set of choices and patterns; thus special theories have little practical application.
c. Women have rejected the idea that they chose occupations differently than men.
d. There are more similarities than difference in the factors that influence occupational choice
Q:
Perhaps the best place to start developing a career development program is the philosophy statement of the school district.
Q:
Gender is considered as a constraining factor on occupation choice by Brown because
a. Women are more likely to choose from a restricted range of occupations for a variety of reasons
b. Rampant discrimination in certain segments of the workplace
c. Research shows a genetic link between gender and interests
d. Women delay choosing an occupation because of developmental factors
Q:
The federal agency now promoting career development programming in schools is the Division of Vocational Education in the Department of Education.
Q:
Some authorities have equated interests, needs, and values. Which of the following theorist is most likely to agree with this supposition.
a. Brown
b Lofquist
c. Holland
d. Hartung
Q:
State Employment Security Agencies use a common approach under the direction of the U. S. Employment Agency
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Ability Profiler, an instrument incorporated into O*NET measures (according to the developer)
a. Needs
b. Values
c. Interests
d. Abilities
Q:
Typically the required format for online resumes is
a. Chronological
b. Functional
c. Functional with a section for key words
d. Any of the above; depends on the placement site
Q:
Work environments may influence personality change. The person environment relationship that is most likely to produce change in personality is
a Realistic person, Investigative work environment
b. Person with low consistency in personality type; highly consistent work environment
c. Artistic person; social environment
d. The premise of the question is wrong; work environments do not produce personality change
Q:
Sheltered workshops and supported job placement are two strategies for improving the employability of persons with disabilities. Which of these has been proven most cost effective?
a. Supported employment
b. Sheltered workshops
c. Neither has proven to be cost effective
d. Both, equally well, so far as cost effectiveness id concerned
Q:
In Holland's theory, it is assumed that how many of the client's six letter code (RIASEC) influence career decision making?
a. One; the strongest
b The first three including ties
c. The first three
d. All six
Q:
The criticism of sheltered workshops as a means of increasing the employability of persons with disabilities is
a. Few participants go on to full time work
b. Participants receive little social support
c. While in the workshop participants are paid very little
d. a & c above
Q:
The cultural value that is most likely to influence decision-making style is
a. Activity (e.g., doing, being, being-in-becoming)
b. Time (past-future, future, present, circular)
c. Person/Nature Relationship (people should dominate, nature dominates)
d. Social relationships (collateral, individualism, lineal)
Q:
Facebook and Twitter might be useful in what aspect of the job search process?
a. Networking
b. Job clubs
c. Providing social support
d. All of the above
Q:
Based on Holland's theories which of the following are most likely to be turned off by educational activities?
a. Social and Conventional
b. Investigative and Social
c. Realistic and Enterprising
d. Enterprising and Artistic
Q:
Most low paying jobs are most likely to require what type of job preparation?
a. High school diploma
b. Some community college preparation " usually three months
c. OJT only
d. Extended corporation offered training
Q:
In TWA two primary factors seem to be factors in work adjustment. These are:
a. Celerity and rhythm
b. Pace and endurance
c. Satisfaction and satisfactoriness
d. Values and needs
Q:
Job placement sites such as Monster are likely to have
a. Information about employability skills
b. Job listings outside the U. S.
c. Self-exploration materials
d. a & b above
Q:
The process by which individuals develop the values of their native culture is
a. Cultural assimilation
b. Enculturation
c. Acculturation
d. Cultural self-creation
Q:
Which of the following groups must have a plan to make the transition from school to work"
a. Vocational education majors
b. Students who leave school prior to graduation
c. Students who have disabilities
d. a & c above
Q:
The construct of congruence is used to describe the relation between __________________ in Holland's theory.a. Personality types on the hexagonb. Scores on the Self-Directed Search, an instrument that measures Holland types.c. Interests and skillsd. Relationship of an individual's personality to the characteristics of the people who work on a job
Q:
Centralized job placement services in high schools
a. Lose the advantage of familiarity with students
b. may have more trouble securing information about the students
c. Pose transportation problems for many students
d. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following statements is a central proposition of the theory of work adjustment?
a. Optimal career choice occurs when the needs of the person are reinforced by the job
b. Success on the job can be predicted if information about the skills, aptitudes, and personality structure of the person are known
c. The skills required by the job are posed by the individual in the job
d. The values of the person and the supervisor match
Q:
With regard to assisting persons with disabilities secure employment One Stop Career Centers have
a. Been quite successful
b. Encountered several difficulties in working with this group
c. Do not offer services to persons with disabilities
d. Not been evaluated " no data are available
Q:
A personality is attracted to a compatible work environment" is associated with:
a. Holland
b. Hoppock.
c. Roe
d. Super
Q:
America's Job Bank, which used to contain job listings across the U. S, has been discontinued. If you were looking for a job in California where could you go for a comprehensive listing of job openings?
a. A local ESA/Job Service office
b. The One Stop Career Center website
c. A private job placement agency
d. All of the above could be used
Q:
In working with a disadvantaged African American counselee, the counselor:
a. Can gain some useful clues from available career development theories
b. Can apply available theories without any qualification.
c. Should disregard any inferences that can be drawn from available theories.
d. Should wait until proof has been obtained that occupations for the disadvantaged can be predicted.
Q:
Counselors engaged in outplacement work can expect to spend up to _____ hours per client?
a. 25
b. 40
c. 50
d. 65
Q:
Which of the following would not be viewed as a constraint on the occupational decision making process by Brown?
a. Holding am individualism social value
b. The gender of the decision maker
c. Membership in a group with a history of discrimination
d. Holding a collateral social value