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Q:
Match each item with a statement below:a. task-shiftingb. Joint Learning Initiative (JLI)c. medical tourismd. Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative (EPHTI)e. Commonwealth Code of Practicef. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)g. Technological and medical innovationh. patient classification system (PCS)i. Health Extension Programj. Global Health Workforce Alliance (GHWA) 1) Aims to improve the quality of pre-service training to health science professionals2) Adopted by the United Nations in 2000 with the aim of reducing global poverty3) Used as a strategy to alleviate health worker shortages and to improve access and quality of health services4) Used for paying hospitals for services provided5) Places a strong emphasis on mutuality of benefits for both "recruiting" and "source" countries6) Network of global health leaders, launched by the Rockefeller Foundation7) Flow of patients around the globe8) Increases the demand for healthcare worldwide9) Aims to improve primary health services in rural areas through an innovative community-based approach that focuses on prevention, healthy living and basic curative care10) Established to identify and implement solutions to the global health workforce crisis
Q:
____________________, when applied to health care, refers to the discovery and deployment of significant differences in a nation's cost, quality, or access such that a medical or surgical procedure, health activity or service creates patient value.
Q:
The ____________________ of health care related flow is important; we should not assume that what developed countries have should flow to the less developed countries or vice versa.
Q:
Resources and ideas do not cross national borders seamlessly; a host of possible barriers exists, including regulatory, political, ____________________, and cultural barriers.
Q:
Creating an environment that attracts and retains health professionals has become a focus of many ____________________ countries' attempts to stem the brain drain of health care workers.
Q:
One of the positive financial implications of labor migration from low-income to high income countries is the value of ____________________ to families in low-income countries.
Q:
In an increasingly globalized labor market, national health systems can no longer rely on the commitment of graduates to work within their own country, and so must look to the ____________________ labor market to meet their demands for health professionals.
Q:
When health care organizations depend on patients from ____________________, the environment can become problem-filled.
Q:
When services are under-funded, and patient demand exceeds the capacity constraint, the result is ____________________, bottlenecks, and longer wait times for all services.
Q:
Data on medical travellers often comes from ____________________ boards, newspaper accounts, and government estimates of hospital claims, social media, stakeholder media, or hospital websites.
Q:
The term "The world is flat", coined by Thomas Friedman, means that a variety of forces leveled the playing field of ____________________ around the globe and, as such, significant economic opportunities opened up for countries such as China and India.
Q:
The number of ____ is highly associated with the degree of local healthcare infrastructure.a. physicians c. hospitalsb. infant deaths d. foreign patients
Q:
____ innovation, such as teleradiology, can change the landscape of health care across national borders.a. Regulatory c. Economicb. Political d. Technological
Q:
One conclusion that can be drawn from the history of the cross border flow of patient classification systems is that the search for improved instruments, tools, and practices will help to ____ costs in health care.a. maximize c. containb. distribute d. deflect
Q:
____ allow hospitals to be paid prospectively rather than being reimbursed retrospectively on the basis of what they charged.a. Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) c. Medically-Related Groups (MRGs)b. Diagnosis-Standard Groups (DSGs) d. Medically-Standard Groups (MSGs)
Q:
____ workers are health care providers who have received less training and have a more restricted scope of practice than professionals.a. Subsidiary c. Mid-levelb. Primary d. First-level
Q:
The prospect of ____ is believed to be a pivotal factor in the decision of health care professionals to migrate.a. financial gain c. increased professional opportunitiesb. political freedom d. higher prestige
Q:
The flow of patients out of their country to obtain ____ raises ethical questions, especially about efficacy and safety.a. artificial medical devices c. organ transplantsb. cosmetic surgery d. routine surgeries
Q:
A large number of patient-centered, integrated health care organizations are attracting patients across national borders because they offer high quality and high ____.a. value c. expendituresb. volume d. efficiency
Q:
Several factors affecting a patient's willingness to travel out of their country to seek heath care include: clinical reputation, affordability, and the value versus ____ factor.a. convenience c. loanb. sacrifice d. exchange rate
Q:
A hallmark of increasing ____ is the increasing openness of national borders to flows of goods and services, financial and human capital, information, and expertise.a. commerce c. tradeb. globalization d. alliances
Q:
Match each item with a statement below:a. confidentialityb. High Deductible Health Plans (HDHPs)c. Institutional Review Boardsd. HIPAA legislatione. Flexible Spending Arrangements (FSAs)f. Consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs)g. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)h. fidelityi. nonmaleficencej. Patient Safety and Privacy Act (PSQIA) 1) Offers a broad provider network, limited involvement with medical management, higher deductibles and lower premiums2) Designed to allow the employee greater choice in their health care thus enabling them to be wise consumers3) Administrative entities established by institutions to protect the ethical rights of human subjects who participate in research conducted under their supervision4) Specifies regulations for the privacy of personal health information, portability of health insurance, and organization of the interchange of electronic data for certain financial and administrative operations5) Health and medical practices that are not considered to be part of conventional Western medicine or standard care6) Relates to the duty to "not inflict harm on others"7) Created a voluntary reporting system pertaining to data utilized in patient safety and health care quality concerns8) Obligation to honor commitments9) Pertains to the nature of having the expectation of certain privacy and non-disclosure regarding information relayed to another person10) Offers tax advantages to assist in offsetting health care expenses
Q:
In 1973 the American Hospital Association (AMA) approved the use of the____________________ of Rights, prompting health care organizations to specifically define these rights.
Q:
____________________ refers to truth-telling or the quality of truthfulness.
Q:
The principle of____________________ relates to the right or choice of being alone, undisturbed, or free from public attention or intrusion.
Q:
Consumerism and the increasing demands of consumers as active participants in their health care decisions may cause controversies between ____________________ decision-making and treatment options.
Q:
One form of medicine that caters to the diagnosis and treatment of non-life threatening conditions are ____________________ health care clinics often referred to as minor emergency clinics, doc-in-a box, urgent care clinics, or convenient care clinics.
Q:
Emphasis on the customer as the consumer of services has changed the health care environment toward a more ____________________, sales-oriented approach to health care service delivery.
Q:
____________________ social networks are a type of social network that links users to common health or medical themes or areas of interest such as Lou Gehrig's Disease (PatientsLikeMe) or genetics (23andMe).
Q:
____________________ are tax-exempt financial accounts used to reimburse medical expenses not covered under existing health plans.
Q:
Consumer awareness of service/product quality and cost are key drivers of ____________________ in health care.
Q:
____________________ is defined as "doctrine advocating a continual increase in the consumption of goods as a basis for a sound economy" or "advocacy of the rights of consumers."
Q:
The ____ is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services that provides leadership regarding protection of human subjects involved in research activities.
a. Office for Ethical Conduct in Human Research (OECHR)
b. Office for Research Subject Safety (ORSS)
c. Office for Protection of People in Research Projects (OPPRP)
d. Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP)
Q:
____ is the discipline concerned with ethical questions and actions in medicine and biology.a. Bioregulation c. Bioethicsb. Biointegrity d. Biofeedback
Q:
____ pertains to the obligation to do good, prevent or remove harm, and to act in a kind or benevolent manner.a. Justice c. Accountabilityb. Malice d. Beneficence
Q:
____ refers to the freedom to follow or act according to one's own will.a. Autonomy c. Motivationb. Responsibility d. Ambition
Q:
____ Care is a form of medical care delivery that caters to the wealthy and upper middle classes.a. Supreme c. Conciergeb. Elite d. Elevated
Q:
As the pace and stress of patients' lives increases, rapid accessibility to care and treatment for routine health concerns becomes a ____ need.a. clinical c. peripheralb. governmental d. market
Q:
A report on health information technology use among U.S. men and women aged 18-64 by Cohen & Stussman (2010) noted that ____ of adults in the U.S. used the Internet to search for health or medical information.a. 21% c. 61%b. 42% d. 78%
Q:
As longevity increases, so does the propensity for ____ disease and the need for self- help and self-care in order to achieve quality of life.a. acute c. chronicb. rare d. incurable
Q:
Bachman identified six "mega-trends" that impact the demand-control model. These include ____, self-help/self-care, individual ownership, portability, transparency (right to know), and consumerism (empowerment).a. personal strength c. community responsibilityb. personal responsibility d. community strength
Q:
A ____ is "a person who uses up a commodity; a purchaser of goods or services, a customer" as opposed to one who produces goods or services (producer or provider).a. client c. manufacturerb. patient d. consumer
Q:
Match each item with a statement below:a. systems development life cycle (SDLC)b. reporting and population health managementc. electronic communication and connectivityd. results managemente. Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs)f. patient supportg. decision supporth. health information and datai. administrative processesj. order entry and support 1) Brings together unaffiliated stakeholders with clinical data (such as physician practices, labs, hospitals, and pharmacies)2) Facilitates and simplifies such processes as scheduling, prior authorizations, and insurance verification3) Employs computerized clinical decision-support capabilities such as reminders, alerts, and computer-assisted diagnosing4) Incorporates use of computerized provider order entry, particularly in ordering medications5) Includes everything from patient education materials to home monitoring to telehealth6) Manages all types of results (for example, laboratory test results, radiology procedure results) electronically7) Includes medical and nursing diagnoses, a medication list, allergies, demographics, clinical narratives, and laboratory test results8) Provides a generic methodology for selecting, acquiring, implementing and maintaining a system9) Establishes standardized terminology and data formats for public and private sector reporting requirements10) Enables those involved in patient care to communicate effectively with each other and with the patient
Q:
In order for the organization to assess the impact of IS on the ability of the organization to achieve its strategic goals, the organization must link its IS ____________________ to its organizational strategy.
Q:
The Lewin/Schein model of change management has three stages: unfreezing, moving, and ____________________.
Q:
Once the executive team defines the IS portfolio of funded projects, project ____________________ becomes crucial to the success of the project.
Q:
Standard strategic planning tools used to determine what kind of IS capabilities an organization needs in order to achieve its goals and objectives include analysis of the internal and external environments and the identification of strategic opportunities and ____________________.
Q:
Feeny and Willcocks (1998) developed a framework for a high-performing IS function that categorizes certain capabilities as important for the organization to be able to stay informed of its demand-side needs and its IS investments; these capabilities include such things as governance, management, business strategy, and information ____________________.
Q:
It is fundamentally important that an organization recognize the benefits of aligning its IS function with its organizational strategy; this recognition can be influenced by the role played by the ____________________.
Q:
The most frequently cited barrier to health information technology is ___________________.
Q:
One function of an electronic health record (EHR) is to enable health information ____________________ across organizational boundaries and more fully engage the patient in his or her own care through home monitoring and telehealth.
Q:
____________________ is a general term that is often used to describe a broad range of technologies for transmitting and managing health information for use by consumers, providers, payers, insurers, and others interested in health care.
Q:
Twenty years ago, the Institute of Medicine published a landmark report that outlined the numerous problems inherent with ____________________ medical record systems and called for the widespread adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems.
Q:
The three main activities most helpful in successfully managing change in IS projects are communicating, training, and providing ____.a. guidance c. feedbackb. a framework d. incentives
Q:
Project planning includes developing a project schedule, ____, and staffing.a. organizing c. budgetsb. creating a board d. designing
Q:
The construction phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) includes system design, building, and ____.a. testing c. marketingb. selling d. contracting
Q:
One advantage of achieving strategic alignment is that it tends to lead to a critical factor in the success of IS projects, which is executive level and ____ leadership support.a. clinical c. governmentb. patient advocacy d. administrative
Q:
Successful strategic ____ should result in a set of IS projects that the organization has identified as important to its strategic direction or for sustaining existing capabilities.a. values c. implementationb. governance d. alignment
Q:
One approach to aligning the IS function with the rest of the organization includes the idea that IS function should ____ that of the organization.a. control c. supplementb. unite d. mirror
Q:
The overarching goal of assisting physicians and hospitals in adopting electronic health records (EHR) that meet industry standards is to have the technology used as a tool to accomplish health outcome policy priorities such as ____.
a. reducing patient complaints
b. improving care coordination
c. reducing costs for patients
d. improving profits for health care organizations
Q:
Approximately ____ of hospitals are estimated to have fully operational electronic health record (EHR) systems.a. 8-15% c. 30-42%b. 20-28% d. 45-51%
Q:
A(n) ____ is generally managed and controlled by the patient or consumer.a. personal health record (PHR) c. personal medical record (PMR)b. electronic health record (EHR) d. electronic medical record (EMR)
Q:
The ____ (HITECH Act) sets forth a plan for advancing the appropriate use of health information technology to improve quality of care and establish a foundation for the electronic exchange and use of health information systems.
a. Health Information Transfer for Electronic Clinical Health Act
b. Health Information Technology for Electronic Clinical Health Act
c. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
d. Health Information Transfer for Economic and Clinical Health Act
Q:
Match each item with a statement below:a. Sherman Actb. Administrative Procedures Actc. False Claims Act (FCA)d. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)e. Stark Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark)f. Prospective Payment System (PPS)g. Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS)h. Medicaidi. Clayton Actj. Food and Drug Administration 1) Prohibits knowingly submitting or causing to be submitted a false claim to the government2) Combined federal and state program that provides medical assistance to low-income individuals and families3) Determines the process of promulgating regulations4) Principal federal government agency for health care5) Fixed payment system for inpatient services based on a patient's specific diagnosis within Medicare system6) Prohibits physicians from referring patients to certain health services providers with which the physicians have a financial relationship7) Prohibits mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures that threaten to substantially lessen competition or are likely to create a monopoly8) Exercises influence through regulatory efforts to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices9) Prohibits contracts and other agreements that unreasonably restrain trade10) Prohibits the knowing and willful solicitation or receipt of remuneration by any person in connection with items or services for which payment could be made by Medicare or Medicaid
Q:
To successfully navigate through the complex regulatory environment, health care organizations (HCOs) often appoint a regulatory ____________________.
Q:
____________________ principles affect the interaction between federal and state laws, stating that if federal and state laws directly conflict, the federal law applies.
Q:
____________________ serves as a primary mechanism by which states regulate the quality of care provided by health care organizations.
Q:
One concern that the Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) addressed was the weaknesses in existing peer ____________________ processes.
Q:
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) ____________________, with the cooperation of the Department of Justice, dedicates considerable resources to enforcing federal fraud and abuse laws.
Q:
The United States health care industry comprises a relatively large number of organizations that are ____________________ from paying most if not all taxes including income, property and sales taxes.
Q:
The purpose of the ___________________ laws is to promote competition based on the conviction that competitive markets bring benefits of relatively lower consumer prices, higher output, and greater innovation.
Q:
"____________________" authority allows the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to state that a health care organization meets CMS certification requirements.
Q:
____________________, created by a 1965 statute, is the federal health insurance program for the elderly and disabled.
Q:
With the increasing intersection between health care delivery and the law, health care executives must confront a wide range of regulatory ____________________ issues that affect how health care institutions operate.
Q:
An emerging cost containment strategy is to encourage comparative ____ research.a. physician output c. clinical effectivenessb. practitioner competency d. health care incentive
Q:
The 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System, stated that between ____ deaths could be attributed to preventable medical errors.a. 400 and 980 c. 44,000 and 98,000b. 4,000 and 9,800 d. 440,000 and 980,000
Q:
In many states, a health care facility cannot be constructed, renovated, or expanded without obtaining a ____.a. contract of negotiation (CON) c. certificate of need (CON)b. contract of need (CON) d. certificate of negotiation (CON)
Q:
The ____ stores information regarding physicians' and dentists' professional competence and conduct.
a. National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB)
b. Network of Competencies Data Bank (NCDB)
c. National Record of Health Care Provider Competencies (NRHCPC)
d. Network of Known Practitioner Errors (NKPE)
Q:
The ____ of 1986 is designed to prevent institutions from denying care to anyone seeking emergency medical treatment, regardless of citizenship, insurance status, or ability to pay.
a. Emergency Medical Transfer and Litigation Act (EMTALA)
b. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
c. Emergency Medical Treatment and Litigation Act (EMTALA)
d. Emergency Medical Transfer and Labor Act (EMTALA)
Q:
The ____ (HIPAA) limits the ability of new employers to exclude coverage for preexisting conditions.
a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
b. Health Inspection Portability and Accountability Act
c. Heath Insurance Preferentially and Accountability Act
d. Health Inspection Preferentially and Accountability Act