Q&A Hero

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton DillBonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America Mexican American families have been negatively affected by:a. colonization.b. the loss of Mexican-owned land through the inability to document ownership.c. the transient jobs in which they were employed.d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Dill, which of the following was true with regard to Chinese American families of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. Immigration restrictions prevented the formation of families within this group. b. Many Chinese sojourners sent wages to their families in China. c. A split-household form characterized Chinese American families. d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Dill, which of the following is true with regard to African American families of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. Slave owners controlled the cohesion of slave families. b. After emancipation, African American women were expected to take their position within the private sphere of the home. c. Slave labor mirrored labor divisions among White men and women. d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America Dill tells us that African American, Chinese American, and Chicano women had which of the following in common during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? a. They, like White middle class women, worked only in the private sphere of the home. b. They all worked as migrant laborers. c. They all had to work outside the home for wages, as well as inside the home raising children and caring for husbands. d. They all worked as maids and nannies in White people's homes.

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Bonnie Thornton Dill, a White woman working outside the home indicated: a. high social standing of the family. b. an egalitarian relationship between husband and wife. c. insufficient wage earnings of her husband. d. the birth of feminism.

Q: "Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families," Bonnie Thornton Dill Bonnie Thornton Dill broadens the dominant perspective of American families through this historical analysis of racial-ethnic women and their families. She demonstrates how the establishment of the "modern American family" ideal and expectations of racial and ethnic groups as sources of cheap labor created distinct familial experiences among women of various racial-ethnic groups in early America According to Bonnie Thornton Dill, the dominant ideology of family structure dictated: a. separate spheres for men and women, and women remaining outside of the paid labor force. b. the involvement of all family members in the paid labor force. c. the entry of women into service occupations. d. the wages for housework campaign.

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." According to Weissinger, "insiders who hold beliefs that make them outsiders need support so they will continue to believe that the long-term benefits of their actions will outweigh the short-term punishments they endure for failing to _______________ discriminatory practices." a. report b. identify c. replicate d. oppose

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." To succeed at Wal-Mart White women were socialized to _______________ discrimination against people of color. a. identify and eliminate b. accept and replicate c. reject and report d. ignore and deny

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Ms. Gina Espinoza-Price was _______________six weeks after complaining about sexual harassment. a. given a promotion b. given a raise c. sued for libel by the manager she accused d. terminated from her job at Wal-Mart

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Uma Jean Minor noted that her Wal-Mart wages were not sufficient to: a. purchase a home b. pay for higher education c. lift her out of poverty d. pay her legal fees

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Ms. Gina Espinoza-Price provided an example of how a White man used joking to force others to acknowledge the labels he had created for them and to show _______________. a. how "cool" he could be b. his kind nature c. dominance d. that his sense of humor meant that he was not "really" racist.

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Joking can be a subtle medium through which people of color experience belittlement and struggles for _______________. a. dominance b. fair wages c. better working conditions d. attention

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, WeissingerSandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences.She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities."White women can be marginalized due to their _______________ but experience certain benefits because of their ______________.a. appearance/genderb. gender and class/racec. race/genderd. class and race/gender

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Women were found to have been promoted at Wal-Mart at _______________rates than/as male employees. a. lower and slower b. higher and faster c. better wage d. the same

Q: "Gender Matters. So Do Race And Class: Experiences of Gendered Racism on the Wal-Mart Shop Floor," Sandra E, Weissinger Sandra Weissinger examined complaints made in the Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. class action lawsuit to understand the specific ways that individuals who are targeted for mistreatment experience mistreatment in raced, classed and gendered ways. She documents the unequal treatment that women receive in comparison to men, but shows that some women hold contradictory positions. A given woman who is targeted for her gender may be given some privilege linked to her race, thus yielding different outcomes for different women. She argues that discrimination based on sex alone does not explain the variation in women's experiences. She concludes that discriminatory work atmospheres are maintained in multiple and complex ways, contributing to the persistence of "a web of intersecting and relational inequalities." Across geographic boundaries, women working for Wal-Mart were found to earn less than: a. minimum wage b. management had agreed to pay them when they were hired c. male employees in the same positions. d. their maids and nannies

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan conclude that job training programs _______________ to alleviate the racial gap in labor market outcomes. a. are unnecessary b. may not be enough c. are the only thing needed d. are the one thing missing from social programs

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan found _______________ racial differences in callback rates. a. small but significant b. no c. insignificant d. large

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. One of the factors Bertrand and Mullainathan tested for to learn its effect on callback rates was: a. level of education b. state of residence c. resume quality d. number of previous jobs held by applicants

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan experimentally manipulated the perception of race by the _______________ of the applicant. a. resume quality b. name c. education d. occupation

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan found that the gap between Whites and African-Americans in callback rates _______________with the quality of the resume. a. narrowed b. stayed the same c. widened d. doubled

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan found that a White name yielded as many more callbacks as an additional _______________ years of experience on a resume. a. 3 b. 8 c. 5 d. 2

Q: "Are Emily and Greg More Employable Thank Lakisha and Jamal? Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan Recognizing that all measures of economic success show racial inequalities in the United States labor market, these authors designed and conducted a study to determine whether perceptions of race connected with an applicant's name might influence whether the applicant got called for an interview. They created fictitious job applicants and assigned names suggestive of different races to identical resumes This article reports their findings. Bertrand and Mullainathan found that applicants in their study given White sounding names needed to send out 10 resumes to get a callback. They found that applicants with African-American sounding names needed to send out: a. 15 b. 10 c. 29 d. 3

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine WilliamsWilliams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative.Williams argues that racial inequality influences:a. where we choose to shop, what we buy and how we shopb. where we choose to shop but not what we buyc. what we buy but not where she shopd. who shops but not where we shop or what we buy

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine Williams Williams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative. The purchase Williams finally made was from a store that supported: a. racial exclusion b. gender segregation c. class distinctions d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine WilliamsWilliams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative.According to Williams, middle-class Whites do not recognize the privileges they get while shopping because:a. it rarely happensb. any privileges barely cancel out all the disadvantagesc. it is so customaryd. they are too busy to notice

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine Williams Williams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative. In Austin Texas local malls opposed public bus service on the grounds that: a. it would create traffic jams b. it would encourage undesirable (nonwhite) patrons c. there were no bus stops available d. it would create overcrowding

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine Williams Williams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative. The racism of shopping is reflected in: a. labor practices b. guidelines for relationships between clerks and customers c. store organization d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine Williams Williams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative. The history of suburban malls is a history of: a. intentional racial segregation b. the creation of egalitarian space where all shoppers are equal c. intentional racial integration d. unintentional racial segregation

Q: "Racism in Toyland," Christine Williams Williams examines the social organization of shopping and uncovers labor, advertising and other practices that perpetuate racial (as well as gender and class) injustice and inequality. She identifies problems in retail policies such as selective advertising; opposition to public bus service to malls; job segregation; and racial profiling by clerks and security guards. Williams views the raising of awareness as a first step in creating a better alternative. Racial inequality is perpetuated in the social organization of shopping by: a. job segregation b. opposition to public bus service to malls c. racial profiling by clerks and security guards d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. According to Andersen, headlines incorrectly suggest that the economy is a _______________ force. a. negative b. neutral c. positive d. gendered

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. The passage of the Lily Ledbetter act protects women against: a. subprime mortgages b. unemployment c. sexual harassment d. discrimination

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. AndersenMargaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender.Compared to men, women have slightly higher:a. credit scoresb. incomesc. absentee ratesd. positions in the private labor market

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. Women's wages are more _______________ than men's wages: a. steady b. necessary c. volatile d. expendable

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. According to Andersen, the decline in unemployment has been less than that for men because women are less likely to be employed in the _______________ sector of the labor market where there was more job growth. a. private b. service c. industrial d. public

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. As the national unemployment rate rose to 10%, it reached a level that has been characteristic of Black unemployment for the past _______________ years. a. 10 b. 60 c. 25 d. 100

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. For most women _______________, not discrimination, is the depressor of wages. a. part-time work b. time off to care for family members c. job segregation d. prejudice

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. Which group is most likely to hold subprime mortgages? a. Black men b. White married couples c. White men d. Women of color

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. There is a general absence of _______________in most of the reports being issued on the impact of the recent recession. a. women b. White men c. men d. white collar workers

Q: "Seeing in 3D," Margaret L. Andersen Margaret L. Andersen argues that the economy is not a neutral force, as it is portrayed in the media. Economic downturns do not hit all citizens equally. Specific groups experience economic change in different ways. Asking, "what would we see differently were we to view the economic recession with women and people of color in mind," Andersen demonstrates the varying effects on economic standing influenced by the intersections of race, class and gender. Black women earning double an area's median income were nearly five times more likely to receive subprime mortgages than were _______________with similar earnings. a. White women b. White men c. Black men d. Asian men

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently. ______________ women have been able to use their economic power to reassign some of the work of infant care, sometimes even breastfeeding, to lower-class women of their own or different racial-ethnic groups. a. Minority b. Upper-class c. Educated d. European

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.Even though childrearing is women's work in most societies:a. many women work outside the home and all perform childcare duties.b. many women do not have children, and others do not perform their own child care or domestic work.c. many women do not have children, but are willing to adopt someone else's children.d. many women love their children, but do not want to raise them.

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.Some _______________ allowed individuals to choose gender roles: a female, for example could choose a man's role, do men's work, and marry another female who lived out a woman's role.a. European immigrantsb. Africansc. American Indian tribesd. Asian Americans

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.__________________ differentiate(s) women's lives in many ways from those of the men in their own racial-ethnic and class group.a. Gender processesb. Gender experiencesc. Gender knowledged. Gender beliefs

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.As noted in "Race, Gender, and Women's Works," the analysis of gender in terms of class involves:a. the sexual division of labor.b. the labor position of husbands and fathers.c. racial-ethnicity job typing.d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently. According to "Race, Gender, and Women's Works," racial domination is linked to: a. homophobia. b. class domination. c. heterosexism. d. occupation

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.Since the processes of ____________________ are historically distinct in different times and different cultures, they result in different conceptions of appropriate gender behavior.a. human developmentb. genetic tendenciesc. sex-role socializationd. boys and girls

Q: "Race, Class, Gender, and Women's Works," Teresa Amott and Julie MatthaeiTeresa Amott and Julie Matthaei explore the economic experiences of women through the interconnected effects of gender, race-ethnicity, and class. Taking a historical perspective, the authors illustrate the relativeness of these social constructs and demonstrate how each is affected by the others. For example, Amott and Matthaei point out that while the construction of gender created spheres of "men's" and "women's" work, what this work entailed had to do with class position and racial-ethnic identity. Race and class greatly affected the definition of womanhood in the 1950s. White middle class women were not expected to be part of the paid labor force, while it was common for poor Black women to work as domestic servants. Both women were expected to remain "in the home," but for poor Black women that meant theirs as well as those of their White employers. The authors apply the concepts of race-ethnicity and class to the examination of gender, but point out the limitations of applying each independently.According to Amott and Matthaei, a(n) perspective helps demonstrate the development of and relationships between gender, race-ethnicity, and class.a. one-dimensionalb. historicalc. functionalistd. myopic

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Marginalized women in marginalized economies:a. are unable to protect themselves in any way from being passive victims.b. come up with creative strategies to control their economic lives.c. are clueless about how to survive, much less advance.d. usually become very wealthy once they enter the sex trade as long as they are pretty and compliant.

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."According to Brennan, the attempts by Dominican sex workers to take advantage of clients in order to get visas is evidence of their:a. resourcefulnessb. greedc. oppressiond. victimization by savvy foreign clients

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."The most decisive factor pushing women into the sex trade in Sosua is:a. single motherhoodb. their abusive familiesc. sex slave tradersd. drugs

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Working in export-processing zones or in domestic work pays on average approximately $100 per month. How much does a sex worker usually earn during a single encounter with a foreign client?a. $10 (100 peso)b. $100 (1,000 pesos)c. $500 (5,000 pesos)d. $50 (500 pesos)

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."How are the working conditions of women sex workers in Sosua controlled?a. largely by the women themselvesb. by pimpsc. by drug lordsd. by patriarchs in their own families

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Poor single mothers use sex work with European clients as:a. a survival strategy for themselvesb. a survival strategy for their childrenc. an advancement strategyd. a self-esteem enhancer

Q: "Selling Sex for Visas: Sex Tourism as a Stepping-stone to International Migration," Denise BrennanAddressing the myth that sex workers around the globe are simply victims of exploitation and domination, Denise Brennan considers the case of women sex workers in Sosua, Dominican Republic. These women - predominantly poor, single mothers with limited educations - see sex work not as a survival strategy, but as an advancement strategy. They have meager job opportunities and can make more money more quickly selling sex than in any other job available to them. Ultimately many hope to obtain marriage proposals from wealthy sex tourists, and with them visas to places with greater economic opportunities. Brennan sites these strategies as examples of the "savviness and resourcefulness of the so-called powerless."Dominican sex workers make a distinction between marriage for love and marriage for:a. obtaining fathers for their childrenb. romancec. making a familyd. visas

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. Ultimately, the author argues, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of: a. monumental proportions b. racism c. homophobia d. masculinity

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. Gay people of color are often told by family and friends that being gay is: a. an okay choice, but only while in adolescence b. a White problem c. an important political and personal issue d. temporary

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. According to the author, in the imaginations of gay white men, gay Black men are: a. off limits b. feminine c. exotic beings who exist for the pleasure of white male consumers d. hyper-masculine

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. According to the author, in the imaginations of gay white men, gay Latino men and gay Native American men are: a. off limits b. feminine c. exotic beings who exist for the pleasure of white male consumers d. hyper-masculine

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. If gay white men are masculine, they are masculine compared to: a. gay Asian men b. women c. non-gay men d. gay Black men

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. Masculinity is built upon: a. the gayness of Others b. what men are really like c. the femininity of Others d. biological imperatives

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk Han Chung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races. The primacy of whiteness in the gay community manifests as: a. internalized racism b. homophobia c. a preference among whites for partners who are Asian d. a preference among Asians for Asian partners

Q: "Darker Shade of Queer," Chung-suk HanChung-suk Han writes as a gay man of color who must confront racism in "gayborhoods' and gay organizations and must at the same time confront homophobia among people of color. Ultimately, he says, the crisis for gay men of color is a crisis of masculinity " a crisis that manifests in different ways for gay men of diverse races.According to the author, many gay white folks become ____ than non-gay white folks while many people of color become ____.a. less racist; less acceptingb. more racist; more homophobicc. less racist; less homophobicd. more homophobic; more gay

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. Unlike representations of lesbians in advertising the ____________ of gay men is/are rarely represented. a. sexiness b. intimate contact c. bodies d. negative stereotypes

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. The term "hetero flexibility" refers to: a. people who are "straight but not narrow." b. variations in the norms of heterosexual expression. c. acceptance by men of representations of lesbians in visual culture. d. heterosexual women "experimenting" sexually with other women.

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind GillGil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization.According to Gil, the "packaging of "lesbians' within conventional norms of heterosexual attractiveness appears to be primarily constructed for:a. the male gaze.b. attracting heterosexual female consumers who are "bi-curious."c. the lesbian gaze.d. making consumers less homophobic.

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. According to Gil, in advertising the empowerment of women is tied to the possession of: a. a slim and alluring young body whose power is to attract male attention. b. money. c. a professional career. d. the commodity being advertised.

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. Gil defines a "midriff" as: a. an exposed torso. b. an ever changing image. c. a bare-chested male model. d. a young, attractive heterosexual woman who plays with her sexual power and is always "up for" sex.

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. According to Gil, the organization of ___________________ within advertising works to minimize the transgressive threat posed by the representation of male bodies. a. gender b. gazes c. hair and makeup d. race

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. Older bodies are strikingly __________________ in visual culture, according to Gil. a. sexualized b. desexualized c. present d. absent

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. According to Gil, the radical transformation in the portrayal of men in visual culture began: a. more than 20 years ago. b. less than 10 years ago. c. during the Industrial Revolution. d. in the 1960's.

Q: "An Intersectional Analysis of "Sixpacks', "Midriffs', and "Hot Lesbians' in Advertising, Rosalind Gill Gil uses an intersectional analysis to examine practices of "sexualization" in advertising. She demonstrates that sexualization is not "a singular unmarked process'. She finds that "commodified sexiness" in advertising is linked to "the politics of looking." She argues that patterns of sexualization vary, having different determinants and modes of representation, and that they are "read in radically different ways" depending on the specific intersections of gender, age, class, sexuality and racialization. Gil finds that one of the most profound shifts in visual culture in the last two decades has been the increase in representations of: a. sexualized women. b. previously underrepresented races. c. the male body. d. sexualized food commodities.

Q: In Sexual Behavior of the Human Male, Kinsey found that: a. homosexual experience is virtually absent within males. b. homosexual experience is rare among young and middle-aged males. c. homosexual experience is more common than was previously thought. d. homosexuality is rare among elderly men.

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned Katz The author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression. Katz refers to the time period when the heterosexual norm went almost unchallenged as: a. the cult of domesticity b. heterosexual hegemony c. hetero/homo duo d. heterosexual mystique

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.Which doctor's conceptualization of heterosexual "offered the modern world a new norm that came to dominate our idea of the sexual universe, helping to change it from a mode of human reproduction...to a mode of pleasure?"a. Dr. Kiernanb. Dr. Ruskc. Dr. Kinseyd. Dr. Krafft-Ebing

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned Katz The author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression. During 1892-1900, the ideas of heterosexual and homosexual were initially formulated by: a. U.S. doctors b. British monarchs c. religious authorities d. newspaper journalists

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.During the Early Victorian True Love era (1820-1860), the human body was thought of as a means for:a. pleasureb. sensualityc. procreationd. consumption

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.According to Katz, during 1820 to 1860, middle-class White Americans idealized "True Womanhood, True Manhood, and True Love." All were characterized by:a. sensualityb. purityc. productiond. procreation

Q: "The Invention of Heterosexuality," Jonathan Ned KatzThe author documents the history and invention of the term heterosexuality as a means of categorizing sexual relationships. The author emphasizes how sexuality has been closely linked to structural power and the means of production within a society throughout history. He argues that an ahistorical approach to studying sexuality continues to privilege "normal" and "natural" sexual expression.According to Katz, the idea of heterosexuality is a modern invention, dating to the ______century.a. early 16thb. late 17thc. early 18thd. late 19th

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. West claims that LGBT people carry the stigma of ____________________. a. asexuality b. AIDS c. rejecting heterosexuality d. childlessness

Q: "The Prison and the Closet," Patricia Hill Collins Patricia Hill Collins considers the intersecting relationship between racism and heterosexism. She argues that the assumption that these two hegemonic ideologies represent separate systems of oppression obscures the fact that racism and sexism rely upon each other for meaning. Without sacrificing the acknowledgement of differences in the way that racism and heterosexism manifest, the author shows that the two systems converge and that both systems affect the everyday lives of all people. Contemporary social welfare policies remain preoccupied with: a. Black men's sexual freedom b. Black women's fertility c. profits for private companies where recipients shop for necessities d. fairness for Black families in poverty