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Anthropology
Q:
Physical alterations of the human body function to:
a. separate humans from nonhuman animals
b. identify particular affiliations with certain groups
c. mark completion of some type of ritual, including initiation rituals
d. all of the above
Q:
An example of a secular (nonreligious) rite of passage would be a:
a. graduation ceremony
b. fraternity initiation
c. presidential inauguration
d. all of the above
Q:
The results of a disadvantaged social environment include:
a. poor health, reduced height, and shortened life expectancy.
b. poor speech and excessive eating habits.
c. poor reading comprehension.
d. an inability to think critically and develop long-term planning.
Q:
The rite of passage that revolves around the White Painted Woman is found among the:
a. Yanomam
b. Apache
c. Gururumba
d. Haida
Q:
In the context of physical anthropology, a disadvantaged social environment includes one:
a. with minimal access to technology.
b. with no transportation system.
c. with poor-quality nutrition.
d. where most people do not know how to read.
Q:
Just before the arrival of the Spanish on St. Catherines Island, people there:
a. were primarily fishermen.
b. had adopted maize agriculture.
c. became the first farmers of the region.
d. were vegetarians by choice.
Q:
A characteristic of the state of liminality is:
a. sexual continence
b. sacredness
c. absence of rank
d. all of the above
Q:
Forensic anthropologists:
a. focus their work on skeletal analysis of individuals.
b. study skeletal remains from past human populations.
c. study the evolution of human skeletal traits.
d. do not work outside academia.
Q:
Liminality refers to a set of features that characterize a person in which phase of a rite of passage:
a. transition
b. separation
c. peripheralization
d. incorporation
Q:
Physical anthropology as a discipline is NOT concerned with:
a. skeletal pathology.
b. primate behavior.
c. the construction and use of language by human societies.
d. human evolution.
Q:
How is a theory different from a hypothesis?
a. A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.
b. A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.
c. A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.
d. A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.
Q:
When a Yanomam girl begins to menstruate for the first time, she is isolated in a small room built alone one side of the house. During the time of isolation, she must speak in whispers, not scratch herself, and is taught who to behave as a mature woman. The phase of a rite of passage is known as:
a. transition
b. separation
c. peripheralization
d. incorporation
Q:
Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because it:
a. was the first evolutionary development that distinguished humans from other animals.
b. was possible only after the advent of simple material culture.
c. followed brain expansion in human evolution.
d. allowed hominids to come out of the trees and make tools 10 mya.
Q:
A wedding is an example of a rite of passage. The celebration or party following the religious or secular wedding ceremony is an example of that phase of a rite of passage known as:
a. transition
b. separation
c. peripheralization
d. incorporation
Q:
How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?
a. Biocultural anthropology combines cultural studies with archaeology.
b. Biocultural anthropology studies the interrelationship between what humans have inherited genetically and culture; cultural anthropology studies diverse cultures and societies.
c. It is strictly a biological science.
d. It considers culture to be a by-product of our biological histories.
Q:
All of the following are phases of a rite of passage except:
a. transition
b. separation
c. peripheralization
d. incorporation
Q:
Examples of rites of passage in American society would not include a:
a. wedding ceremony
b. funeral
c. high school graduation
d. Easter sunrise service
Q:
The hypothesis that the origin of human bipedalism was linked to a shift from life in the trees to life on the ground in the grasslands of Africa:
a. has been upheld by subsequent scientific data on human origins.
b. was developed in consultation with genetic and fossil evidence.
c. has been rejected recently subsequent to new fossil evidence.
d. has become a scientific law.
Q:
A hypothesis is:
a. another word for a theory.
b. a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the natural world.
c. a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true.
d. unable to be refuted by future investigations.
Q:
Among the !Kung San of southern Africa the marriage ceremony involves the mock forcible carrying off of the bride from her parent's hut to a specially built marriage hut and the anointing of the bride with special oils and aromatic powders. This ritual can be classified as a:
a. therapeutic ritual
b. rite of intensification
c. rite of passage
d. technological ritual
Q:
The scientific method:
a. relies on making hunches about the natural world.
b. involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing.
c. is used to support preconceived notions or theories.
d. seeks to establish the absolute scientific truth.
Q:
Rituals that mark an individual's changing statuses as he or she moves through life's various stages are called:
a. rites of passage
b. puberty rituals
c. stage ceremonies
d. change of life ceremonies
Q:
A ritual that focuses on the religious experience of the individual, such as possession, is called a(n):
a. salvation ritual
b. ideological ritual
c. therapy ritual
d. revitalization ritual
Q:
An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What, primarily, do you expect to learn during this field school?
a. what species of nonhuman primate occupies this region
b. how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects
c. how to excavate and study material culture
d. how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting
Q:
Archaeologists:
a. study primate evolution.
b. devote most of their effort to recovering artifacts and building museum collections.
c. study past human societies, focusing mostly on their material remains.
d. primarily study the evolution of language.
Q:
A ritual brings about illness, accident or death is called a(n):
a. therapy ritual
b. anti-therapy ritual
c. antisocial ritual
d. devitalization ritual
Q:
What makes it possible for humans to accumulate an amazing amount of information over long periods of time?
a. social learning
b. television
c. social media
d. mimicry
Q:
Navaho healing rituals commonly include:
a. creating a sand painting
b. taking hallucinogenic drugs
c. spirit possession
d. sacrificing sheep
Q:
What are three key attributes related to human uniqueness?
a. eating, sleeping, and watching television
b. increased hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food
c. hunting, avoiding predators, and tool making
d. sleeping, hunting, and making clothing
Q:
The Navaho "Blessing Way" is performed, in part, to reestablish harmony with the universe so that an ill person might be cured of the illness. This is an example of a(n):
a. technological ritual
b. ideological ritual
c. therapy ritual
d. revitalization ritual
Q:
Bipedalism in primates means:
a. walking on two feet.
b. walking on four feet.
c. walking using two legs and a tail.
d. swinging from branch to branch.
Q:
The anthropological study of medicinal plants is part of:
a. ethnobotany
b. ethnomusicology
c. anthrobotany
d. arboretumology
Q:
Physical anthropologists study what type of science?
a. astrological
b. biological
c. social
d. biological and social
Q:
Primates are:
a. a group of mammals that share traits like forward-facing eyes, fingernails, and large brains.
b. often species with a long snout.
c. diverse species that live in various types of environments.
d. both a. and c.
Q:
Religiously based causes of illness include:
a. soul loss
b. witchcraft
c. spirit intrusion
d. all of the above
Q:
The purpose of Aztec human sacrifice was based on the worldview that:
a. only human flesh could adequately feed the royal family
b. to avoid the end of the life of the Sun, it had to fed blood
c. sacrificed humans buried in the fields would ensure a good harvest
d. all of the above
Q:
An offering is:
a. an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural
b. the destruction of something of value
c. the killing of an animal
d. all of the above
Q:
Physical anthropologists:
a. travel around the world to investigate human populations.
b. study living populations.
c. study primates like lemurs, monkeys, and apes.
d. travel around the world to investigate human populations; study living populations, and study primates like lemurs, monkeys, and apes.
Q:
A regular Sunday morning Christian service would be classified primarily as a:
a. rites of passage
b. social rites of intensification
c. revitalization rituals
d. salvation rituals
Q:
Physical anthropologists view how humans come to be the way they are as the result of:
a. their biological makeups, which primarily define who they are.
b. both evolutionary history and their own individual life histories.
c. what their genes make them; environment has very little effect.
d. their environment; genes have very little effect.
Q:
Rituals that reinforce community standards of behavior and community cohesiveness are:
a. rites of passage
b. social rites of intensification
c. revitalization rituals
d. salvation rituals
Q:
Physical anthropologists seek to study:
a. humans from a cultural perspective.
b. humans from a biological perspective only.
c. humans from a biological and cultural perspective.
d. human behavior only.
Q:
Ideological rituals include:
a. hunting & gathering rites of intensification
b. therapy rituals
c. social rites of intensification
d. salvation rituals
Q:
What can be learned from studying a population through time?
a. We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time.
b. We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time.
c. We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population health.
d. We can learn that human physiology does not change through time.
Q:
Yoruba taxi cab drivers will sacrifice an animal to the god Ogun. This is an example of a:
a. hunting & gathering rite of intensification
b. protective ritual
c. therapeutic ritual
d. rite of passage
Q:
What was the cause of the biological change in the indigenous people of St. Catherines Island after AD 1000?
a. They became sedentary and had less food to eat because they stayed in the same area.
b. They became sedentary and consumed more corn, which caused dental disease due to its high sugar content.
c. They became sedentary and did not have enough exercise to keep their bodies fit and healthy.
d. They continued as nomads, but loss of animals due to climate change created a decline in their food source.
Q:
Protective rituals are often found in situations:
a. involving soul loss
b. that involve the quest for food
c. that are dangerous and unpredictable
d. that involve a person's change in status
Q:
Before AD 1000, what did the people of St. Catherines Island eat?
a. They ate wild animals, fish, and wild plants.
b. They ate bison and salmon.
c. They were vegetarians and ate wild plants exclusively.
d. They ate mostly fruit.
Q:
When an Inuit hunter kills a seal, fresh water is placed in the mouth of the seal. This is an example of a:
a. hunting & gathering rite of intensification
b. rite of passage
c. therapeutic ritual
d. revitalization ritual
Q:
A technological ritual is one that is involved with:
a. controlling an aspect of nature such as bringing rain
b. moving people into new social categories or statuses
c. curing illness and death
d. causing the death of an individual
Q:
A periodic ritual is one that is:
a. performed because of the will or desire of a deity
b. associated with critical events in the life of an individual
c. celebrated on a ritual calendar
d. involved with an altered state of consciousness
Q:
Examples of prescribed, periodic rituals include all of the following except:
a. Diwali
b. Quinceaeras
c. Passover
d. Ramadan
Q:
The Soyal Ceremony of the Hopi of Arizona begins on the winter solstice and marks the beginning of the Hopi ceremonial cycle. This ceremony is:
a. prescriptive and periodic
b. situational and occasional
c. prescriptive and occasional
d. occasional and periodic
Q:
A prescriptive ritual that one that is:
a. performed because of the will or desire of a deity
b. associated with critical events in the life of an individual
c. involved with an altered state of consciousness
d. celebrated on a ritual calendar
Q:
A patterned act that involves the manipulation of religious objects is termed a:
a. spell
b. ritual
c. sacrifice
d. prayer
Q:
Types of music, such as religious music, evoke the same emotions in all societies.
Q:
Among the Murngin of Australia, the ancestors and totemic spirits lived in a sacred water hole.
Q:
Among the Australian Aborigines, increase rituals are rituals designed to increase one's personal wealth.
Q:
A totem is symbol that is associated with a particular social group.
Q:
The Islamic calendar is a solar calendar.
Q:
Calendars are important in many religious for the scheduling of periodic rituals.
Q:
The ancient Maya used several calendar cycles simultaneously. There were two main cycles, one of 365 days and one of 185 days.
Q:
The unit of time we call a week is an arbitrary unit. The number of days that make up a week varies among the world's societies.
Q:
Different Yoruba deities, or orisha, can be identified, in part, by the colors used in their representations.
Q:
All languages have a similar set of basic color terms in terms of number and meaning.
Q:
The psychoduct found in Lord Pakal's tomb connected the tomb to the temple on top of the pyramid.
Q:
The image of Lord Pakel on the carving in Temple of the Inscriptions is evidence of contact by astronauts from other worlds.
Q:
Lord Pakal died and was entombed in the Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque on August 31, 1123 B.C.
Q:
The cross was an early symbol of Christianity and appears in First Century Christian art.
Q:
A symbol associated with the Church of Satan and Wicca is the pentagram.
Q:
In a Buddhist temple the swastika stands for evil.
Q:
Symbols are arbitrary, that is, new symbols can be created when necessary.
Q:
The assignment of meaning to a symbol is always based upon what the symbol looks like or sounds like.
Q:
A symbol can be a physical thing, a sound, or a dance step.
Q:
Symbolic elements of dance include:
a. movement
b. costume
c. paraphernalia
d. all of the above
Q:
An example of a membranophone is a:
a. flute
b. rattle
c. drum
d. violin
Q:
A shell trumpet and a flute are examples of a(n):
a. cordophone
b. aerophone
c. idiophone
d. membranophone
Q:
Music in religious ritual functions to:
a. set a religious mood for the ritual
b. symbolically represent knowledge from the religious texts
c. facilitate the memorization and recitation of religious texts
d. all of the above
Q:
According to the Murngin of Australian, after death a person's spirit will:
a. travel to the land of the dead across the sea
b. return to the ancestral clan water hole
c. remain for a time in the land of the living as a ghost
d. disappear forever
Q:
Totemic narratives among the Australian aborigines describe journeys taken by totemic creatures in the past. On these journeys the creatures:
a. created by naming the plants and animals
b. produced geological features including water holes
c. through their behavior established customs that characterize contemporary Australian culture
d. all of the above