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Anthropology
Q:
According to linguistic anthropologist Shirley Brice Heath, occasions in which individuals attempt to read and/or write are called:
a. round robins.
b. public writing.
c. blogging.
d. literacy events.
Q:
The theory which asserts that literacy is a set of habitual behaviors exercised in specific contexts is the:
a. ideological approach.
b. autonomous approach.
c. contextual approach.
d. practice approach.
Q:
The Ethnography of Reading refers to
a. participant observation in a city in Pennsylvania.
b. research on literacy inspired by Hymes ethnography of speaking.
c. a Whorfian approach which focuses on the consequences of literacy.
d. one branch of the autonomous approach to literacy.
Q:
Knowing how to write
a. has been shown to have no effect on perception of language.
b. has very little political value in the 21st century.
c. is certainly key to developing abstract thought and skepticism.
d. may influence the way we think about language.
Q:
According to the autonomous approach theorists, literate thinking, acquired by learning how to read, is characterized by which of the following kinds of thinking?
a. abstract
b. concrete
c. situational
d. memory-based
Q:
The autonomous approach to literacy assumes that once you master the technology of reading you should be able to:
a. decode the meaning of any piece of writing unambiguously.
b. decode a piece of writing in context only.
c. discover alternate meanings in a piece of writing.
d. read additional background into a piece of writing.
Q:
The theoretical approach to literacy that defines it as a technology that you can learn to use is called the:
a. automatic approach.
b. autonomous approach.
c. alphabetic approach.
d. practice approach.
Q:
A language that is written from right to left is:
a. Arabic.
b. English.
c. Chinese.
d. Japanese.
Q:
A written language in which each lexeme takes up exactly the same space as every other lexeme is:
a. Arabic.
b. English.
c. Chinese.
d. Russian.
Q:
A unit of writing that is surrounded by white space on a page is called a:
a. grapheme.
b. phoneme.
c. lexeme.
d. morpheme.
Q:
In a writing system, which of the following is a sign that helps to separate different words that might be pronounced similarly?
a. phonetic indicator
b. phonetic determinative
c. semantic indicator
d. semantic determinative
Q:
In a writing system, which of the following is a sign that helps to suggest related words that are pronounced differently?
a. phonetic indicator
b. phonetic determinative
c. semantic indicator
d. semantic determinative
Q:
Which of the following is an ancient record-keeping system that used a system of knots tied into strings?
a. cornelian binding
b. clove hitching
c. khipus
d. cuneiform
Q:
Which of the following uses graphic signs to represent individual consonants and vowels?
a. alphabetic writing
b. logosyllabic writing
c. syllabic writing
d. ideographic writing
Q:
The angle brackets <> placed around a word indicate that
a. a writing system and not a phonetic transcription system is in use.
b. this is a case of phonetic transcription using the IPA.
c. allophone rules may be disregarded in pronouncing this word.
d. the word in question is a lexeme.
Q:
Which of the following uses combinations of logographic and syllabic signs?
a. logographic writing
b. alphabetic writing
c. logosyllabic writing
d. syllabic writing
Q:
In a syllabary, each symbol is expected to stand for a distinct:
a. consonant.
b. vowel.
c. syllable.
d. concept.
Q:
Which of the following uses graphic signs to represent words, or the ideas associated with words? For example, the graphic sign "2" represents the English word two.
a. syllabic writing
b. rebus writing
c. logographic writing
d. pictographic "writing"
Q:
Which of the following uses a single picture to represent two or more words that sound the same? For example, a picture of the sun represents both the English words son and sun.
a. L337 speak
b. rebus writing
c. logographic writing
d. pictographic "writing"
Q:
Which of the following refers to a graphic mark that represents a specific idea or meaning?
a. phonetic sign
b. semantic sign
c. pedantic sign
d. reflexive sign
Q:
Which of the following refers to a graphic mark that represents one or more of the sounds of language?
a. phonetic sign
b. semantic sign
c. pedantic sign
d. reflexive sign
Q:
A "rich point" is a phrase that refers to moments when things flow harmoniously and mutual understanding is close to perfect in a speech situation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The criterion of "mutual intelligibility" is a clear-cut way to distinguish a dialect from a language.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The right to be listened to (acquired by acquiring symbolic capital) is a crucial source of power and influence in any given situation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The idea that situations affect the meanings of words is an important one in linguistic anthropology.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An approach whose goal is the discovery of those rules that help to legitimate particular conversational practices, as well as the ideas or ideologies that people have about languages and conversations, is called:a. exchange analysis (EA).b. rule analysis (RA).c. morphological analysis (MA).d. discourse analysis (DA).
Q:
The close study of actual conversational exchanges is called:
a. symbolic analysis (SA).
b. phonological analysis (PA).
c. morphological analysis (MA).
d. conversation analysis (CA).
Q:
The N of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the expectations that speakers have about appropriateness of speech use. These are called the:
a. nestings.
b. niceties.
c. normalities.
d. norms.
Q:
The I of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the channels that are used (speaking, writing, signing, etc.) as well as the varieties of language that speakers use (language, dialect, register, etc.). These are called the:
a. impositionals.
b. inlays.
c. instrumentalities.
d. isms.
Q:
The K of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the mood or spirit in which communication takes place. This is called the:
a. key.
b. kinesics.
c. kiosk.
d. knowledge.
Q:
The A of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to:
a. attitudes.
b. astuteness.
c. answers.
d. act sequence.
Q:
The E of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to:
a. events.
b. ends.
c. efforts.
d. elements.
Q:
The P of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to:
a. politeness.
b. posture.
c. presentation.
d. participants.
Q:
The S of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to:
a. sense.
b. setting/situation.
c. syllables.
d. signs.
Q:
The acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, proposed by Dell Hymes, was developed to assist in the:
a. analysis of phonetic patterning.
b. analysis of infant vocalizations.
c. ethnography of speaking.
d. description of non-verbal communication.
Q:
Refusing dessert on the first offer, and assuming that there will be a second or even a third offer, is
a. an intentional strategy for losing weight.
b. an example of an indirect "yes".
c. universally recognized rude behavior, since it requires the person offering the dessert to read your mind.
d. something that only happens in textbooks, not in real life.
Q:
The rules in a speech community:
a. can be learned in the field.
b. are the same from one culture to the next.
c. are best learned in a classroom situation.
d. none of these
Q:
A group of individuals who interact regularly, developing unique ways of doing things together (including, potentially, ways of speaking together) is called a:
a. linguistic community.
b. speech community.
c. community of practice.
d. competent community.
Q:
A group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language is called a:
a. linguistic community.
b. speech community.
c. community of practice.
d. competent community.
Q:
A group of people who share one or more varieties of language and the rules for using any or all of those varieties in everyday communication is called a:
a. linguistic community.
b. speech community.
c. community of practice.
d. competent community.
Q:
The way to "get" symbolic capital is to demonstrate:
a. syntactic competence.
b. linguistic competence.
c. communicative competence.
d. alphabetic competence.
Q:
Ottenheimer learned that her Japanese students did not ask questions during the class period, but instead came up after class to ask questions, because
a. in Japan, it is considered deeply embarrassing to have anyone know that you are confused.
b. they were concerned about their linguistic competence in English.
c. in Japan, it is rude to waste other students' time with individual questions.
d. they thought that the other students might laugh at them.
Q:
Someone who demonstrates communicative competence can also lay claim to having accumulated:
a. communicative capital.
b. economic capital.
c. symbolic capital.
d. linguistic competence.
Q:
The ability to speak a language well in a variety of social situations is called:
a. linguistic competence.
b. verbal competence.
c. communicative competence.
d. poetic competence.
Q:
A speaker's underlying ability to produce and recognize grammatically correct expressions is called:
a. linguistic competence.
b. verbal competence.
c. communicative competence.
d. structural competence.
Q:
In the 1960s, American linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes began to develop a fieldwork methodology for studying language in its social and cultural contexts. This methodology was called:
a. the ethnography of speaking.
b. ethnoscience.
c. speaking in context.
d. the new ethnography.
Q:
Bronislaw Malinowski was an anthropologist who wrote about the importance of attending to ______________ in the study of language.
a. denotation
b. context
c. form
d. morphology
Q:
The phrase "A language is more than its dictionary and grammar" means that:
a. social and cultural contexts affect the way language is used.
b. languages change too fast for dictionaries to keep up.
c. you need at least two dictionaries to learn another language thoroughly.
d. a good dictionary must include a thesaurus.
Q:
If I understand and laugh along with Thai friends at a joke told in Thai, I will have achieved some degree ofa. linguistic competence.b. communicative competence.c. gestalt.d. nirvana.
Q:
The R in MAR stands fora. reality.b. reaction.c. repair.d. restitution.
Q:
Any effort to compare components of signs to consonants and vowels in spoken language will only create confusion.
Q:
Sign languages do not change over time.
True
False
Q:
Sign language never has its own grammar. Instead its grammar is copied from whatever spoken language it is modeled after. Example: ASL uses English grammar.
True
False
Q:
According to Hickey and Thompson, the invisible bubble that surrounds the modern cowboy is oversized by "typical" American standards.
True
False
Q:
Smell, taste, and touch can all be considered forms of nonverbal communication that vary cross-culturally.
True
False
Q:
While kinemorph used to refer to a meaningful unit of visual expression, over time the term was abandoned and replaced with kineme, which is now used to mean both a minimal unit of visual expression and a meaningful unit of visual expression.
True
False
Q:
Kinesic systems do not evolve and change over time like language.
True
False
Q:
There are no minimal pairs in American Sign Language.
True
False
Q:
The aspect of sign language which is most like the vowels of spoken language is
a. dez.
b. tab.
c. sig.
d. facial expression.
Q:
Performing the same sign with the hand at forehead or nose level, when signing ASL,
a. has no impact on the meaning of the sign.
b. inflects, but does completely change, the meaning of the sign.
c. creates a minimal pair.
d. is an example of a difference in sig.
Q:
Code-switching between American Sign Language and SEE
a. is extremely rare, and only occurs among fluent signers.
b. can mark a boundary between the Deaf and hearing communities.
c. indicates that the signer is deaf, but not a member of the Deaf community.
d. will cause the signer to be ostracized from the Deaf community.
Q:
Flat hand, fist hand, index hand and cupped hand in ASL are
a. examples of dez phonemes.
b. types of sig.
c. comparable to vowels in spoken language.
d. interchangeable with one another and have no impact on the meaning of the sign.
Q:
The term used to describe hand movement in phonemic analysis of American Sign Language is
a. dez
b. tab
c. sig
d. wave
Q:
The term used to describe hand placement in phonemic analysis of American Sign Language is
a. dez
b. tab
c. sig
d. height
Q:
The term used to describe hand shape and orientation in phonemic analysis of American Sign language is
a. dez
b. tab
c. sig
d. fist
Q:
Phonemic differences in American Sign Language can be described according to
a. hand shape, hand placement, and hand movement.
b. place and manner of articulation.
c. mouth movements which occur while the signer is signing.
d. facial expression.
Q:
Most _______________________ appear to mimic the syntax of the spoken language of the communities that use them.
a. complex gestural systems
b. sign languages
c. proxemic systems
d. kinesic systems
Q:
Sign languages such as American Sign Language and German Sign Language
a. use the same gestures and patterns of gesture.
b. are complex gestural systems.
c. are natural languages with the same structural complexity as spoken language.
d. have been shown to be lexically impoverished, and lack any linguistic community.
Q:
Sign language components such as different kinds of hand shape, placement, and movement, used to be called "cheremes" but nowadays they are referred to as:
a. handemes.
b. gesturemes.
c. kinemes.
d. primes.
Q:
According to recent research by linguistic anthropologists, sign language:
a. is the origin of human language.
b. does not exhibit duality of patterning.
c. is based on written language.
d. are languages, just like spoken languages.
Q:
Gestures that depict or illustrate what is said verbally, such as turning an imaginary steering wheel while talking about driving, are called:
a. emblems.
b. adaptors.
c. affect displays.
d. illustrators.
Q:
Gestures that control or coordinate interaction, such as indicating that it is someone else's turn to talk during conversation, are called:
a. emblems.
b. regulators.
c. illustrators.
d. adaptors.
Q:
Gestures with direct verbal translations, such as a wave goodbye, are called:
a. affect displays.
b. emblems.
c. regulators.
d. illustrators.
Q:
Gestures that facilitate the release of body tension, such as the nervous foot-shuffling of people who would probably rather be leaving, are called:
a. adaptors.
b. illustrators.
c. regulators.
d. emblems.
Q:
Gestures that convey emotion, such as smiles or frowns, are called:
a. illustrators.
b. emblems.
c. affect displays.
d. adaptors.
Q:
Edward T. Hall proposed four kinds of proxemically relevant spaces, or body distances, that could be compared between cultures. In order from smallest (closest) to largest (furthest), they are:
a. social, public, personal, intimate.
b. intimate, social, personal, public.
c. personal, intimate, public, social.
d. intimate, personal, social, public .
Q:
In the Comoro Islands, household space is often divided into areas separated by:
a. social class.
b. gender.
c. age.
d. race.
Q:
In the United States, the amount of personal space one can command, and one's ability to enter into someone else's space, are most related to one's:
a. gender.
b. age.
c. birth order.
d. relative status.
Q:
Kinesics is the study of the culturally patterned use of:
a. gestures.
b. personal space.
c. paralanguage.
d. exercise routines.
Q:
The term coined by anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s to describe the study of body movements is:
a. spaciology.
b. proxemics.
c. kinesics.
d. tweeting.