Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Anthropology
Q:
Proxemics is the study of the culturally patterned use of:
a. taboos.
b. euphemisms.
c. gestures.
d. personal space.
Q:
The study of how people perceive and use space, developed by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in the 1950s and "60s, is called:
a. spaciology.
b. proxemics.
c. kinesics.
d. choreology.
Q:
What percent of human communication is estimated to be nonverbal?
a. 5 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 60 percent
d. 100 percent
Q:
Once they were introduced and perfected in the 1950s, generative grammars ceased to evolve.
True
False
Q:
All SOV languages make exclusive use of prepositions to mark location.
True
False
Q:
Grammatical gender in a language is the same thing as social gender.
True
False
Q:
Grammatical categories in a language are helpful to anthropologists because of what those categories may reflect about the thought processes of those who use them.
True
False
Q:
Linguists influenced by Chomsky's transformational/generative grammar approach tend to rely on introspection as an important way to gather and check the grammaticality of their data.
True
False
Q:
Deep structure, in a generative grammar, refers to the underlying grammar that allows people to produce sentences, while surface structure refers to the actual sentences that are produced in a language.
True
False
Q:
Like all languages, English is an SOV language.
True
False
Q:
All languages employ the same obligatory categories, or grammatical categories that must be expressed in speaking.
True
False
Q:
Knowing something about substitution frames in a language helps you to learn about the kinds of grammatical categories that exist in that language.
True
False
Q:
One of the most productive ways to learn the syntax of a language that is new to you is to identify the kinds of "substitution frames" used by that language.
True
False
Q:
The difference between a free morpheme and a bound morpheme is that a bound morpheme can stand alone while a free morpheme must be attached to other morphemes.
True
False
Q:
Consider the following KiSwahili data:
subjects: -ni = I; u- = you; tu- = we
tenses -na- = present tense -li- = past tense; -ta- = future tense
objects: -ni- = me -ku- = you -tu- = us
stems: -ona = see -penda = like -sikia = hear
Using this data how would you translate the English phrase You will like us into KiSwahili?
a. Kutatuona
b. Tutakupenda
c. Kulitupenda
d. Utatupenda
e. Kutatupenda
Q:
Consider the following KiSwahili data:
subjects: -ni = I; u- = you; tu- = we
tenses -na- = present tense -li- = past tense; -ta- = future tense
objects: - ni- = me -ku- = you -tu- = us
stems: -ona = see -penda = like -sikia = hear
Using this data, how would you translate the KiSwahili word ninakuona into English?
a. You see me.
b. You saw me.
c. I see you.
d. I hear you.
e. I will see you tomorrow.
Q:
For the anthropologist, who needs to learn and use a language in the field, the most useful approach to language learning is:a. generative grammar.b. descriptive grammar.c. introspective research .d. Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device.
Q:
The type of tree diagram associated with generative grammar is ideal fora. illustrating the contrasting meanings of an ambiguous sentence.b. helping students become proficient communicators in a new language.c. demonstrating beyond all doubt the existence of a Language Acquisition Device.d. supporting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Q:
Grammars designed to provide rules that could create all of the possible sentences of a language are called:a. generative grammars.b. prescriptive grammars.c. descriptive grammars.d. genetic grammars.
Q:
Grammars that describe the structure and patterning of languages on their own terms are called:a. generative grammars.b. prescriptive grammars.c. descriptive grammars.d. discursive grammars.
Q:
Grammars designed to serve as models of "proper" speech are called:a. generative grammars.b. prescriptive grammars.c. descriptive grammars.d. polite grammars
Q:
A generative grammar relies takes ___________________ as a givena. linguistic relativityb. the difficulty of translating from one language to anotherc. the importance of correct or "proper" speechd. a connection between abstract ideas and sentence structure
Q:
Linguistic anthropologists use ______________________________________ to identify categories of words in a language.
a. competence and performance.
b. determinism and relativity.
c. substitution frames.
d. universal underlying sentence types.
Q:
The area of linguistic anthropology that examines and describes the ways that words are arranged into phrases and sentences is called:
a. phonology.
b. morphology.
c. syntax.
d. transformational grammar.
Q:
Syntax is the branch of linguistics that investigates:
a. the origins of language.
b. style and genre in discourse.
c. how sounds are produced.
d. how sentences are structured.
Q:
The variants of a morpheme are called:
a. allophones.
b. morphemes.
c. allomorphs.
d. whorfemes.
Q:
The process of modifying existing words (e.g., by number or person) by affixation is called:
a. morphing.
b. inflection.
c. hierarchy.
d. derivation.
Q:
The process of creating new words from existing words (e.g., creating verbs from nouns) by affixation is called:
a. morphing.
b. inflection.
c. hierarchy.
d. derivation.
Q:
The term used to refer to the fact that every language has a specific order in which affixes are attached is:
a. morphing rules.
b. inflection.
c. hierarchy.
d. derivation.
Q:
An affix that is inserted into the middle of a word is called:
a. a suffix.
b. a prefix.
c. a circumfix.
d. an infix.
Q:
In the English word farmers the "er is called:
a. a root.
b. a stem.
c. an affix.
d. a base.
Q:
The root morpheme in the English word farmers is:
a. arm.
b. farm.
c. farmer.
d. farmers.
Q:
A bound morpheme is defined as a morpheme which:
a. can stand alone.
b. must be affixed to another morpheme.
c. must be part of the deep structure of a sentence.
d. must be used to bind two other morphemes together.
Q:
Morphemes are generally described in terms of :
a. their phonological components.
b. whether they function as bases or affixes.
c. whether they function as roots, stems, or bases.
d. whether they have grammatical gender or not.
Q:
There are two parts to morphological analysis. What are they?
a. identifying morphemes and analyzing the way they are arranged in words
b. identifying morphemes and analyzing their phonological components
c. identifying morphemes and analyzing their allophones
d. analyzing the way morphemes are arranged in words and sentences
Q:
Which of the following English words is analyzable into three English morphemes?
a. cat
b. Connecticut
c. firefighter
d. brunch
Q:
How many English morphemes in the English word "firefighters?"
a. one
b. three
c. four
d. eleven
Q:
How many English morphemes are there in the English word lawnmower?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 3
d. 8
Q:
The technical term for the smallest unit of meaning in a language is:
a. phoneme.
b. allophone.
c. allomorph.
d. morpheme.
Q:
The analysis of words and how they are structured is called:
a. phonology.
b. morphology.
c. morphemes.
d. phonemes.
Q:
The arrangement of symbols on the IPA chart is a random order agreed upon by linguists.
True
False
Q:
Knowing the rules of complementary distribution of allophones in a language can be a useful tool for understanding and predicting the kinds of accents its speakers will have when speaking other languages.
True
False
Q:
The units of analysis in phonetics are phonemes, and the units of analysis in phonemics are phones.
True
False
Q:
A bilabial click is pronounced by releasing air inward, rather than outward.
True
False
Q:
A minimal pair is a pair of words in which a difference in sound makes a difference in meaning, and it is the clearest and easiest way to identify phonemes in a language.
True
False
Q:
The linguistic term for sounds that accompany speech but are not directly part of language is
a) paralanguage.
b) manner of articulation.
c) conditioned variation.
d) the American Usage System.
Q:
Nasalization, alteration of pitch, and lengthening, are examples of
a) allophones.
b) supersegmentals
c) paralanguage.
d) articulatory phonetics.
Q:
The term for a speech sound made by lowering the velum and resonating air in your nasal cavity is
a) trill.
b) affricate.
c) fricative.
d) nasal.
Q:
The difference in tongue placement for producing the /n/ in the English words "ten" [tɛn] and "tenth" [tɛn̪θ]
a) demonstrates that "ten" and "tenth" form a minimal pair.
b) involves the transformation of a nasal into a fricative.
c) indicates potential complementary distribution of the allophones [n] and [n̪].
d) is a simple mechanical requirement for pronouncing [n] immediately before [θ]
Q:
When you cannot find the pattern of complementary distribution among allophones in a language, you should consider the possibility that the variation among those allophones is conditioned by:
a) social usage.
b) neighboring phonemes.
c) rules of engagement. intuition.
Q:
A predictable pattern of allophone distribution in a language is referred to as conditioned variation. Another technical term for this is:
a) complementary variation.
b) complementary distribution.
c) contrastive distribution.
d) technical distribution.
Q:
Variant forms of phonemes, such as the p of pit and spit in English are called:
a) phones.
b) phonemes.
c) allophones.
d) marked sounds.
Q:
The technical term for the variants of a phoneme is:
a) phone.
b) allophone.
c) allograph
d) allomorph.
Q:
The area where the vocal cords modify the air, creating sound waves, is called
a) the larynx.
b) the uvula.
c) the epiglottis.
d) Fred.
Q:
The area above the vocal cords where sound waves take on distinctive shapes and become recognizable speech sounds is called
a) the epiglottis.
b) the supralaryngeal vocal tract.
c) uvular.
d) retroflex.
Q:
When the vocal cords are open and relaxed, the sound produced is called:
a) voiceless.
b) voiced.
c) articulated.
d) unarticulated.
Q:
When the vocal cords are close together and vibrating, the sound produced is called:
a) voiceless.
b) voiced.
c) articulated.
d) vibratory.
Q:
The detailed description (as opposed to analysis) of the sounds of a language is called:
a) phonotactics.
b) phonemics.
c) phonetics.
d) phonography.
Q:
The study of the physical properties of sounds and the nature of the sound waves that they produce is known as
a) acoustic phonetics.
b) auditory phonetics.
c) articulatory phonetics.
d) descriptive phonetics.
Q:
When Ottenheimer tried to understand the difference between nʈu "hermit crab" and ntu "arrow" in Shinzwani, the most important information she gathered had to do with
a) the complementary distribution of allophones for the phoneme [ʈ].
b) a difference in the place of articulation of a consonant.
c) the rounding or unrounding of the lips in producing a the vowel [u].
d) a difference in manner of articulation of a consonant.
Q:
From the rule above, which of the following words can you hypothesize would be challenging for a Korean speaker learning English?a) carb) coldc) bulld) battle
Q:
When we notice that an American English speaker puffs air when they say "pit", but not when they say "spit", and that this pattern holds true across a variety of utterances and for a variety of speakers, we can conclude that
a) [p] and [pÊ°] are allophones of /p/.
b) /p/ and /pÊ°/ are allophones of [p].
c) /p/ and /pÊ°/ are phonemes in English.
d) the mechanics of producing a bilabial plosive at the beginning of a word require you to puff air, no matter what language you may be speaking.
Q:
Which of the following words in English is a minimal pair:
a) to/two
b) through/three
c) only/lonely
d) bye/dry
Q:
When I compare the Hindi words kÊ°ÊŠl (which means "to open") and kÊŠl (which means "total") in, I am working to
a) identify phonemes in Hindi.
b) compare pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants.
c) analyze conditioned variation of allophones of the phoneme /k/
d) analyze conditioned variation of allophones of the phoneme /ÊŠ/
Q:
The area in the human vocal apparatus between the velum and the pharynx is called the
a) glottis.
b) uvula.
c) alveolar ridge.
d) epiglottis.
Q:
Rules of complementary distribution of phones are concerned with
a) what is physically possible given the human vocal apparatus.
b) the sounds that linguists have encountered in human languages all over the world.
c) patterns in the occurrence of allophones of a phoneme.
d) discovering minimal pairs and using them to identify phonemes in a particular language.
Q:
"Approximant" on the IPA describes
a) a manner of articulation.
b) the fact that linguists can only approximately describe the sounds of language.
c) a sort of reduplication.
d) a place of articulation.
Q:
The English word "shadow" has _____ phonemes.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6
Q:
Below, the word _____ has an open vowel.
a) [dig] " dig (He likes to dig holes.)
b) [pand] " pond (We swim in the pond.)
c) [tÊŒk] " tock (The clock goes tick tock.)
d) [tu] " too (I use the IPA chart too!
Q:
The following sets of English language words would be used to identify _____________ .
[ɹod]/[ɹot] road/rote
[tin]/[din] teen/dean
[d]/[t] add/at
a) allophones of a phoneme.
b) morphological rules.
c) cultural focus.
d) phonemes.
Q:
According to George Lakoff, categories don"t exist in the world independently of people. Rather categories are the result of the ways in which we interact with the world.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because of their different languages, English speakers tend to group objects in terms of common material, while Yucatec speakers tend to group items in terms of common shape.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Berlin and Kay applied their color naming system in an even-handed way, with consistent standards for all cultural groups.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Different frames applied to very similar actions can result in dramatically different interpretations of those actions.
a. true
b. false
Q:
By employing the comparative method, linguistic anthropologists have discovered that learning a new language consists mostly of learning new labels for the same things.
a. true
b. false
Q:
The "Sapir-Whorf hypothesis," although never formulated as a hypothesis by either Edward Sapir or Benjamin Lee Whorf, has two forms: Strong Whorf and Weaker Whorf. In Strong Whorf, language is compared to a:
a. room.
b. prison.
c. road.
d. ocean.
Q:
Anthropologist Harriet Ottenheimer employed ethnosemantic analysis in order to learn to:
a. order drinks in a caf in France.
b. "speak computer" at her university.
c. cook.
d. travel around Kansas City.
Q:
Scholars doing "the new ethnography" argued that the categorization system encapsulated in a language, and the way a language categorized items:
b. determined the mental maturity of the people who used it.
c. was more sophisticated among "civilized" peoples.
d. was a model, or mental map, that speakers had for that particular part of the world.
e. could help elders in that culture to resist the symptoms of Alzheimer's.
Q:
The term used by cognitive anthropologists to refer to a specific area of cultural emphasis is:
a. semantic domain.
b. cultural focal point.
c. taxonomy.
d. componential analysis.
Q:
In the 1960s, a linguistic-based approach to ethnography used language to explore a culture's system of categorization. What was this approach called?
a. cognitive anthropology
b. ethnoscience
c. ethnosemantics
e. componential analysis