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Anthropology
Q:
The story Ottenheimer describes, told by blues musician Cousin Joe told about his encounter with a police officer in Mississippi illustrates the idea that
a) we are trapped within our frames.
b) a speaker can shift the frame of an encounter to accomplish a goal.
c) frames remain unchanged despite the passage of time.
d) it is always a mistake to tell a joke to a police officer.
Q:
"Pointing" concepts such as UP-DOWN, LEFT-RIGHT, or UPHILL-DOWNHILL, used to name directions in which we might point or find things, are called:
a) deictic concepts.
b) relative markers.
c) absolute markers.
d) egocentric systems.
Q:
Benjamin Lee Whorf wrote that "users of markedly different grammars are pointed by their grammars towards different types of observations and different evaluations of externally similar acts of observation, and hence are not equivalent as observers but must arrive at somewhat different views of the world." He called this his:
a) principle of linguistic relativity.
b) principle of linguistic differentness.
c) principle of linguistic obligation.
d) principle of grammatical determinism.
Q:
The idea that language affects, and even determines, your ability to perceive and think about things, as well as to talk about them, is referred to as:
a) linguistic relativity.
b) linguistic determinism.
c) the linguistic principle.
d) ethnocentrism.
Q:
Berlin and Kay's research suggested that color terms emerged during cultural development in an orderly fashion. They believed the first three stages of emergence were:
a) (1) red, (2) blue, (3) black and white.
b) (1) black and white, (2) red, (3) greenor yellow.
c) (1) black and white, (2) blue, (3) green.
d) (1) red and blue, (2) black and white, (3) grey.
Q:
A recent challenge to the idea of linguistic relativity came from Berlin and Kay's study of:
a) basic color terms.
b) essential kin types.
c) words for water.
d) words for snow.
Q:
The fact that different languages divide and name the colors in a rainbow differently is an example of:
a) linguistic determinism.
b) linguistic relativity.
c) ethnosemantics.
d) cultural emphasis.
Q:
Linguistic anthropologists use __________________ to reveal the culturally important features by which speakers of a language distinguish different words in a semantic domain.
a) contrast analysis
b) taxonomy
c) componential analysis
d) ethnography
Q:
The idea that knowing one language will not allow you to predict how another language will categorize and knowing one language and name the world is called
a) linguistic relativity.
b) ethnocentrism.
c) linguistic determinism.
d) ethnosemantics
Q:
Feature analysis is based on the idea that
a) every member of a given category will be a perfect example of that category.
b) phonological features of a language are linked to cultural focus.
c) some members of a category can be more central than others.
d) the categories of our language determine our experience of reality.
Q:
The term used to refer to a set of ideas we have about the way things should be is
a) convention.
b) cultural focus
c) nostalgia
d) ideology
Q:
An egocentric deictic system is associated with
a) a relativistic spatial reckoning system.
b) a profoundly ethnocentric frame of reference.
c) controversial captions on photographs.
d) the analysis of topographic features.
Q:
The existence of a large number of words about a particular topic is a strong indication of
a) cultural focus.
b) ethnocentrism.
c) linguistic relativism.
d) idiosyncrasy.
Q:
Whorf's principle of linguistic relativity argues that different languages represent different
a) levels of evolutionary sophistication in different cultures
b) ways of perceiving and thinking about the world
c) geographical surroundings
d) individual abilities
Q:
A chart showing how words in a specific semantic domain are related to one another is called a
a) frame of reference.
b) componential analysis.
c) taxonomy.
d) mental map.
Q:
A linguistic anthropologist sits down and starts asking you questions like these: What are the steps to selecting a class? Is what time the class happens something you think about when you select a class? What other things do you think about when you select a class? This linguistic anthropologist is probably constructing
a) a self-help book.
b) a grammar of university student English.
c) a taxonomy describing your mental map.
d) a survey of student attitudes about courses.
Q:
In the HanunoÌo language, color distinctions are made at two levels of contrast. This fact
a) indicates that most, if not all, HanunoÌo speakers suffer from red/green color blindness.
b) demonstrates the primitive nature of HanunoÌo color categories.
c) is, in fact, not an accurate statement, but simply the result of a failure to do sufficient intracultural research into HanunoÌo color categories.
d) supports the assertion that color is not a universal human concept.
Q:
The principle of linguistic relativity
a) has been largely disproven through ethnographic research.
b) is widely accepted today.
c) requires that we accept the fact that our language controls our organization of the world.
d) is disproven by the fact that we can learn other languages and translate from one language to another.
Q:
It is not possible to understand other cultural systems in their own terms without losing confidence in your own.
True
False
Q:
Learning about other languages and cultures can help you to better understand your own language and culture, as well as how they work and influence you.
True
False
Q:
Although ethical considerations are very important for cultural anthropology, they are not significant in linguistic anthropology, since linguistic anthropology focuses so exclusively on language.
True
False
Q:
In contrast to linguistic anthropology, the primary focus of theoretical linguistics is on form and structure, with little or no attention to the social contexts in which language is used.
True
False
Q:
The study of archaeology is interesting but not useful for a linguistic anthropologist.
True
False
Q:
Anthropologists learn the languages of the people they are studying
a. only when they are doing linguistic anthropology.
b. in order to gain a clearer understanding of the behavior of those with whom they live.
c. for practical purposes, such as being able to ask for food or ask where the bathroom is, rather than research purposes.
d. naturally, without a lot of effort.
Q:
The experience of linguistic anthropologists teaches us that
a. learning about other languages and cultures can help us better understand our own.
b. help us to see that our own language and culture has very little influence on us.
c. a deep study of another language will inevitably result in a loss of identity.
d. only a trained linguistic anthropologist can benefit from the study of other languages and cultures.
Q:
When you are traveling in a country with a different monetary system and you decide how expensive something is by translating it into "real" money (the money in your own country) you are engaging in a sort of
a. relativism.
b. fieldwork.
c. globalization.
d. ethnocentrism.
Q:
Gathering information from many cultures, times and places, including our own, reflects the _____________ nature of anthropology.
a. fieldwork based
b. comparative
c. holistic
d. historical
Q:
An applied dimension to anthropology
a. is a direct violation of the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association.
b. has been formally recognized as a fifth subdiscipline.
c. is included in all subdisciplines of anthropology.
d. has no place in linguistic anthropology, although it may exist in other subdisciplines.
Q:
The four subfields of anthropology are
a. physical anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology and archaeology
b. comparative anthropology, holistic anthropology, theoretical anthropology and fieldwork
c. Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas
d. intrinsic, holistic, integrated and universal.
Q:
The fact that words can have specific meanings in specific situations, and may shift meanings depending on the situation and who is saying them to whom
a. illustrate the importance of theoretical linguistics, which provides rules that help us understand this phenomenon.
b. is a rare and unusual phenomenon which linguistic anthropologists have discovered.
c. mean that language must be studied in its cultural context.
d. make it absolutely impossible for speakers of one language to learn another language.
Q:
Living among a group of people on their own terms, learning and speaking their language and trying, as much as possible, to see the world from their perspective is called:
a. going native.
b. comparative research.
c. a holistic approach.
d. fieldwork.
Q:
In his article, "A Goy in the Ghetto," William Mitchell describes some of the challenges he faced as an anthropologist learning to adjust to:
a. New Jersey accents.
b. styles of communication.
c. types of teasing.
d. different kinds of food.
Q:
Ethical concerns prompted linguistic anthropologist Harriet E. Manelis Klein, in her work with Ngobe speakers in Panama to
a. refuse to teach missionary priests and nuns the Ngobe language.
b. start a Spanish language school for Ngobe speakers, to help them become informed so that they would not sign away their land rights to multinational corporations.
c. teach nuns and priests Ngobe even though she disagreed with their objection to Ngobe polygyny.
d. begin the website "NgobeEndangerment.com", to raise money to preserve this language.
Q:
The idea that languages are arbitrary systems, and that knowing one language does not allow you to predict how another language will categorize and name the world, is referred to as
a. linguistic relativity.
b. cultural emphasis.
c. semiotic prognostication.
d. componential analysis.
Q:
The concern that learning a new frame of reference will cause you to lose your existing frames of reference is
a. supported by extensive data.
b. referred to as ethnocentrism.
c. extraordinarily rare, particularly in the United States.
d. an attitude which makes learning a new language as an adult a simple task.
Q:
Which of the following best describes linguistic anthropology?
a. holistic, comparative, and fieldwork-based
b. focused, specific, and intuitive
c. holistic, comparative, and intuitive
d. focused, specific, and fieldwork-based
Q:
Theoretical linguistics, in contrast with linguistic anthropology, is:
a. analytical, data interpretive, and structural.
b. diverse, grammar based, and syntax related.
c. focused, specific, and intuitive.
d. comparative, hierarchical, and laboratory based.
Q:
Anthropologists are expected to be particularly attentive to ways in which their presence, or their writings, might cause dangers to the people who are hosting them, from revealing sensitive political or religious information to introducing damaging changes. This mandate to "do no harm" is called a:
a. code of ethics.
b. legal code.
c. bill of rights.
d. code of elements.
Q:
The American Anthropological Association statement on ethics in fieldwork can be summed up briefly as:
a. introduce no changes.
b. do no harm.
c. bring no money.
d. never lose your temper.
Q:
Boas argued that you could only really understand another cultural system by:
a. visiting occasionally, staying for at least a week each time you visit.
b. engaging in lots of rituals and ceremonies.
c. focusing your collection on myths, folktales, and children's rhymes.
d. learning and speaking the language you are living with.
Q:
Franz Boas, father of American anthropology, taught the importance of:a. fieldwork.b. patriotism.c. Russian Marxist/Leninist social sciences.d. German comparative linguistics.
Q:
The strong emphasis on fieldwork in American anthropology traces its origins to the teachings of which of the following?
a. Socrates
b. Martin Luther King, Jr.
c. Franz Boas
d. Ferdinand deSaussure
Q:
In Czech, the clock time of 10:30 is expressed by a phrase that translates as which of the following?
a. half-past ten
b. half of eleven
c. early eleven
d. ten gone
Q:
In cultural and linguistic anthropology, which of the following takes you into another living human culture where you are expected to adapt and adjust your frames of reference until you can understand and operate successfully within that cultural and/or linguistic system?
a. interviews
b. archival research
c. fieldwork
d. geographic relocation
Q:
Using your own cultural system to interpret what others are doing, with the assumption that your own system is the only one that makes sense, is referred to as:
a. cultural relativity.
b. emic analysis.
c. ethnocentrism.
d. ethnosemantics.
Q:
Which of the following refers to the idea that differences exist among cultural systems, that different cultural systems can make as much sense as our own, and that we can learn to understand these different systems?
a. ethnocentrism
b. cultural relativity
c. frames of reference
d. cultural determinism
Q:
The study of all people, at all times, and in all places is a broad definition of what academic discipline?
a. anthropology
b. linguistics
c. biology
d. literature
Q:
When we say that anthropology is characterized by seeing the whole picture, getting the broadest view possible, anthropologists generally use the adjective
a. holistic
b. relativistic
c. theoretical
d. comparative
Q:
What kinds of jobs do archaeologists have? What kind of education is required to be an archaeologist?
Q:
What are some of the more important ethical responsibilities for an archaeologist? Are there others you would recommend?
Q:
Why is archaeology important? What does archaeology contribute to modern society?
Q:
What organizations are working to preserve our cultural heritage?
Q:
How can individuals help to protect the past?
Q:
Maiden Castle
Q:
Bronze
Q:
Aegean
Q:
Dolmen
Q:
Bandkeramik
Q:
Status differentiation
Q:
Sickle polish
Q:
Stonehenge
Q:
Megalith
Q:
La Tne
Q:
Please write 2-3 sentences identifying the person, place, or thing in terms of age, location, and significance.Oppidum
Q:
The site of Stonehenge is one of the most intriguing places in the world. Describe the growth and development of this monument including dates and periods in your discussion.
Q:
What are the major trends in the development of Europe from the Neolithic through the Iron Age?
Q:
Compare and contrast the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.
Q:
What developments denote the onset of the Iron Age in Europe?
Q:
Discuss the major features of Mycenaean civilization.
Q:
Describe the major routes of trade and the materials that were moving along these routes during the European Bronze Age.
Q:
What are the major characteristics that distinguish the Neolithic from the Mesolithic in Western Europe?
Q:
A passage grave is
A. beehive-shaped.
B. a Mycenaean elite tomb.
C. a Bronze Age burial.
D. a Neolithic tomb.
Q:
The bog people are known from
A. the Neolithic of Yugoslavia.
B. the Iron Age of northern Europe.
C. early films.
D. Minoan legends.
Q:
Maiden Castle is located in
A. southern England.
B. northern Belgium.
C. eastern Ireland.
D. western Scotland.
Q:
Maiden Castle was
A. a Bronze Age stronghold.
B. a Neolithic monument.
C. an Iron Age hillfort.
D. a nunnery.
Q:
The primary reason for the success of the Minoan civilization was its
A. control of the eastern Mediterranean.
B. innovative weapons.
C. larger average body size.
D. substantial gold deposits not far from citadels.
Q:
The term "cyclopean" describes the massive ______ at Mycenaean sites.
A. walls
B. tombs
C. temples
D. houses
Q:
The site of Mycenae is located in
A. mainland Greece.
B. eastern Crete.
C. the Aegean islands.
D. southern Italy.
Q:
Characteristics of the Mycenaean state include all of the following except
A. a powerful priestly caste
B. a writing system.
C. monumental architecture.
D. stratified society.
Q:
The shaft graves at Mycenae were opened by
A. Arthur Evans.
B. Heinrich Schliemann.
C. Louis Leakey.
D. V. Gordon Childe.