Anthropology

Q: The earliest permanent dwellings in the American Southwest were A. pueblos. B. rectangular brick dwellings. C. pithouses. D. teepees.

Q: Objects placed in Mississippi burials suggest A. that long-distance trade was rare, unlike in Hopewell. B. a shortage of garbage disposal areas. C. that warfare was the primary cause of death among Mississippians. D. status differences in the society.

Q: Reciprocity and redistribution are both modes of A. ritual behavior. B. production. C. information gathering. D. exchange.

Q: Subterranean, circular ceremonial structures found at both ancient and contemporary Pueblo sites are called A. pueblos. B. charnel houses. C. pit houses. D. kivas.

Q: Social status differentiation can be determined from burials through the analysis of all of the following except A. grave offerings. B. burial treatment and context (location of burials). C. biochemical analysis of skeletal materials. D. burial's orientation toward the east (rising sun)

Q: Which of the following could best be considered an achieved status? A. age B. sex C. birth order D. profession

Q: Which of the following is an ascribed status? A. Queen of England B. President of the United States C. archaeology professor D. Prime Minister of Canada E. starting quarterback in the Super Bowl

Q: The principal form of residential architecture at the Draper site were A. longhouses. B. semisubterranean pithouses. C. singular family rectangular structures. D. multiroom pueblos.

Q: At Moundville, ceremonial structures were primarily A. stone-faced pyramid mounds. B. flat-topped earthen mounds. C. cut-stone circular structures. D. pyramids made of stone blocks.

Q: In the Archaic period of eastern North America, large-scale earthen construction has been found at A. Cahokia. B. Snaketown. C. Poverty Point. D. Moundville.

Q: An early domesticate at Poverty Point was/were A. gourds. B. maize. C. millet. D. acorns.

Q: The following would NOT be found in a Hopewell burial: A. fluted points B. copper celts and earspools C. carved stone platform pipes D. obsidian ceremonial blades

Q: Mound 72 at Cahokia A. marked the north/south center axis of Cahokia and contained at least six separate burial episodes. B. was a charnel house located in a high-status residential area. C. was a linear "ridgetop marker" mound that marked the edge of the site. D. is the number designation for Monk's Mound.

Q: Compare and contrast the origins of agriculture in Southwest Asia and Mesoamerica.

Q: Why did people begin farming? Discuss at least two of the major theories for the origins of agriculture and their strengths and weaknesses.

Q: The settlement probably belongs to the _________ period. A. Natufian B. Oldowan C. Mousterian D. Ali Kosh

Q: Recent excavations in the Levant have uncovered a small settlement of approximately twenty houses. These structures were circular in shape and had rock-wall foundations. A number of burials were found in a small cemetery adjacent to the settlement. Storage pits and roasting areas for preparing plant foods also were found, but there was no evidence for domesticated plants at the site. Animal bones from deer, gazelle, sheep, and goat were common at the site. The investigators noticed that a high number of young male animals were represented in the sheep bones. This difference was not noted among the bones of the other species. Other materials from the site included sickle blades, bone tools, charcoal, and grinding slabs.A probable date for this site would beA. 25,000 B.C.B. 9000 B.C.C. 7000 B.C.D. 2000 B.C.

Q: Catalhyk is located in A. Pakistan. B. Thailand. C. Turkey. D. Syria.

Q: Catalhyk, perhaps the first city, contains evidence for all of the following except A. obsidian trade. B. human burial. C. pottery. D. bronze toolmaking.

Q: The earliest domesticated plants now known come from A. Tehuacn. B. Khok Phanom Di. C. Catalhyk. D. Abu Hureyra.

Q: The site of Mehrgarh in Pakistan has evidence for the use of wheat, barley, sheep, goats, and A. llamas. B. cattle. C. camels. D. horses.

Q: Sedentism preceded plant domestication in which area? A. the Levant B. highland South America C. highland Mesoamerica D. Japan

Q: The only pack animal domesticated in the Americas was the A. horse. B. ox. C. donkey. D. llama.

Q: Which of the following is a true statement of differences between the food-producing traditions of Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica? A. Domesticated animals played a greater role in Mesopotamia than in Mesoamerica. B. Mesopotamians depended on maize as their major crop. C. Agriculture occurred thousands of years earlier in Mesoamerica. D. Goats were a key domesticated resource in Mesoamerica.

Q: Which of the following was NOT domesticated in the Americas? A. beans B. squash C. manioc D. barley E. maize

Q: Which of the following was NOT first domesticated in Southwest Asia? A. barley B. beans C. wheat D. pigs E. goats

Q: Which of the following was NOT domesticated in the Americas? A. llamas B. maize C. lentils D. potatoes

Q: Which of the following was NOT originally domesticated in the Old World? A. barley B. millet C. turkey D. rice E. goat

Q: Which of the following was NOT originally domesticated in the Americas? A. maize B. beans C. potato D. turkey E. cattle

Q: Which of the following prehistoric cultigens is NOT correctly matched with its original place of domestication? A. Irelandpotato B. Southwest Asiabarley C. Andean South Americalima beans D. Mesoamericasquash

Q: Which of the following prehistoric cultigens is NOT matched correctly with its geographical area? A. Japanmillet B. highland Mexicomaize C. Southwest Asiawheat D. highland South Americapotato

Q: Domestication in the Americas A. involved the domestication of many animal species. B. occurred later than the earliest Old World domestication. C. was dependent on the use of canal irrigation. D. never truly happened.

Q: Compared to Upper Paleolithic sites, ________ were particularly abundant at Ain Mallaha. A. obsidian figurines B. camel bones C. storage pits D. wheel-thrown pots

Q: At Guil Naquitz key food resources included all of the following except A. acorns. B. maguey hearts. C. rabbit. D. blue oysters.

Q: Which of the following archaeologists investigated early agriculture in the Tehuacn Valley? A. Richard MacNeish B. Charles Higham C. Robert Braidwood D. Kathleen Kenyon E. Chester Gorman

Q: At Non Nok Tha metal objects were made of A. bronze and iron. B. gold and silver. C. steel and aluminum. D. copper and tin.

Q: Khok Phanom Di is now located in A. North China. B. Thailand. C. India. D. South China.

Q: The key early domesticates at Ban-po-ts'un were A. wheat and goats. B. corn and guinea pigs. C. grapes and cattle. D. millet and pigs.

Q: The world's earliest ceramic vessels were probably made in A. Southwest Asia. B. Mesoamerica. C. Japan. D. Ecuador. E. Southeast Asia.

Q: A key domesticated animal at Mehrgarh after 6000 B.C. was the A. gazelle. B. elephant. C. horse. D. cow.

Q: The following individual has NOT used population growth in theories about the Neolithic Revolution: A. Mark Cohen. B. Kent Flannery. C. Robert Brain. D. Lewis Binford.

Q: Wheat and barley were first domesticated in a region that extends from A. Egypt to Greece. B. India to China. C. Israel to Iran. D. China to Southeast Asia.

Q: Richard S. MacNeish led an interdisciplinary team to investigate the origins of agriculture of Mesoamerica in A. the Tehuacn Valley. B. the Vir Valley. C. the Teotihuacn Valley. D. the Valley of Oaxaca.

Q: Teosinte is thought to be the most likely candidate for which of the following domesticates? A. wheat B. corn C. sunflower D. chili pepper E. barley

Q: The earliest cultivation of rice in Asia appears to have occurred in A. North China. B. South China. C. Thailand. D. Cambodia.

Q: Rice has NOT been found at which of the following sites in Southeast Asia? A. Spirit Cave B. Khok Phanom Di C. Ban Chiang D. Non Nok Tha

Q: The site of Ain Mallaha in the Levant A. provides the best evidence we have yet for Neanderthal ritual. B. is the earliest example of a shell midden anywhere in the world. C. was a Neolithic town. D. was a permanent settlement directly preceding the earliest farming period. E. has been shown to be nothing more than a carnivore kill.

Q: Which of the following plants is NOT part of the basic triad of Mesoamerican plant food staples? A. chili pepper B. squash C. beans D. maize

Q: One of the advantages of plant and animal domestication is A. an increase in leisure time. B. variety in the diet. C. an increase in the amount of food produced per unit area. D. increased chances for social contact with neighboring groups. E. decreased incidence of diarrhea.

Q: "Tells" are A. fossilized Neolithic wheat fields. B. high mounds that accumulate from thousands of years of human garbage and debris, often found in Southwest Asia. C. beehive-shaped Natufian huts found in the Levant. D. communal stone tombs found in Europe dating to the fifth millennium B.C.

Q: Jericho is A. a site in the Levant that fits the Oasis Theory. B. the focus of Robert Braidwood's research on the origins of pottery production. C. a site with evidence for early rice and millet domestication. D. no longer occupied.

Q: Two key Neolithic sites in China are A. Khok Phanom Di and Non Nok Tha. B. Guil Naquitz and Jarmo. C. Ban-po-ts'un and Ho-mu-tu. D. Shang and Zhou.

Q: The long-term process that results in the loss of fitness for a species to survive without the assistance of humans is called A. sedentism. B. domestication. C. mutation. D. adaptation.

Q: Marginal (Edge) Zone, Oasis, and Natural Habitat are A. varieties of environment at Olduvai. B. hypotheses about the origins of agriculture. C. locations where Homo erectus bands hunted large mammals. D. the three different regions in which Mesolithic cultures flourished.

Q: Sedentary villages did not appear in the Tehuacn Valley prior to 3500 BP because A. hunter-gatherers were not culturally complex until then. B. maize was not domesticated until 4000 BP. C. corn cobs were not large enough to be productive until then. D. intertribal hostility was too fierce.

Q: Natufian sites are NOT characterized by A. sickle blades. B. permanent settlements. C. use of wild wheat and barley. D. two different kinds of burials

Q: Which of the following is NOT a theoretical model proposed to account for the origins of food production? A. Marginal Zone Hypothesis B. Multi-dimensional Hypothesis C. Oasis Theory D. Hilly Flanks or Natural Habitat Theory

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of the domestication of plants and animals? A. It began during the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. B. It happened simultaneously in the Old and New Worlds. C. It occurred independently in a number of areas. D. It appears to have occurred first in Southwest Asia

Q: Outline the oasis theory for the origins of agriculture. Using information from Southwest Asia, evaluate the usefulness of this theory.

Q: There are a number of theories on why domestication began. Select two of the major theories and compare and contrast them.

Q: Discuss at least three important sites that are important in discussions of the origins of agriculture. Why are they important?

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