Q&A Hero

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Asset building which begins with ____ is necessary to establish financial security. a. cash savings b. home ownership c. pension programs d. social security

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Black and Hispanic mothers with children under the age of 18 have a median wealth of: a. $2500 b. zero c. $10,000 d. $25,000

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Divorced women of color have a median wealth of $4200. Divorced men of color have a median wealth of: a. $10,874 b. $52,683 c. $21,927 d. $16,100

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Divorced women of color have a median wealth of $4200. Divorced white women have a median wealth of: a. $5324 b. $22,345 c. $52,210 d. $10,874

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Divorced women of color have a median wealth of $4200. Divorced white men have a median wealth of: a. $10,874 b. $80,000 c. $25,000 d. $41,263

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Single Black and Hispanic women have _______________________ for every dollar of wealth owned by white women. a. a penny b. a quarter c. fifty cents d. a fraction of a penny

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Single Black and Hispanic women have _____________________ for every dollar of wealth owned by their male counterparts. a. one penny b. a nickel c. a quarter d. fifty cents

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. Nearly ______________________of all single Black and Hispanic women have zero or negative wealth. a. two thirds b. a quarter c. three quarters d. half

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. The median wealth for women is ___________________ the median wealth for men. a. less than half b. three quarters c. five eighths d. nine tenths

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. The median income for women is ____________________ the median income for men. a. one half b. three quarters c. one third d. one quarter

Q: "Lifting as We Climb: Women of Color, Wealth, and America's Future," Center for Community Economic Development This article addresses the significant gap in wealth owned by diverse groups of women of color compared to men who are their racial counterparts and to white women. Both structural and cultural factors that contribute to the gap are discussed, along with policy solutions. Because women of color "are some of the most resilient, resourceful, and relied-upon people in our society" programs aimed at increasing economic security for these women are essential to the future economic health of the nation as a whole. According to the Center for Economic Development, __________________ percent of white women heads of households with children live in poverty compared to 43 percent of African-American women and 46 percent of Latina women a. 48 b. 55 c. 29 d. 13

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." Even when middle-class accomplishments like income, job and education are comparable, the racial-wealth gap is approximately: a. a quarter on the dollar b. fifty cents on the dollar c. 75 cents on the dollar d. sixty cents on the dollar

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." Oliver and Shapiro point out that forty years after the Fair Housing Act of 1968, housing markets are still segregated by: a. family income b. occupation c. class and race d. law

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." Foreclosures are projected to effect one in 25 white mortgage holders and one in ____ African American borrowers. a. 105 b. 10 c. 3 d. 17

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." According to Oliver and Shapiro, sub-prime loans were targeted at: a. young first-time borrowers. b. single parent households. c. African Americans, regardless of credit scores. d. only those African Americans who did not qualify for conventional mortgages.

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." Between 2003 and 2007 families pulled __________________ dollars out of their home equity, borrowing against their home equity. a. 1.19 trillion b. 21.3 billion c. 78.3 million d. 41.7 billion

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." For Black households, home equity accounts for 63 percent of net worth, while for white households home equity accounts for _____________________ percent of net worth. a. 75.2 b. 95 c. 38.5 d. 80

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." ____________________ is the most important source of wealth for American families. a. education b. stock investment c. monthly income d. home equity

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro The catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security. Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances." African Americans own ________________ for every dollar of net worth that white Americans own. a. 90 cents b. 7 cents c. 48 cents d. 75 cents

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. ShapiroThe catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security.Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances."Income helps families get along, but assets help them:a. get and stay aheadb. buy groceries and other daily necessitiesc. have greater self esteemd. afford luxuries, like vacations

Q: "Sub-Prime as a Black Catastrophe," Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. ShapiroThe catastrophe described by Oliver and Shapiro is rooted in the fact that home equity is the most important source of wealth for families in the United States. The authors argue this is particularly so for African American families. It was the targeting of African American families by sub-prime lenders that robbed so many of this important and hard-earned source of security.Due to the very high interest rates charged for these loans, the devastating effects of these sub-prime loans has not only taken away gains made in the recent past, but will compromise the ability of African American families into the future, effecting the ability to open small businesses, pay for college educations, and support retirements. Predatory loans have left African American communities facing, "the greatest loss of financial wealth" ever. "Institutional and racialized policy," they argue, "are trumping hard-earned educational, job and income advances."According to Oliver and Shapiro, "no recent economic crisis better illustrates the saying,"When America gets a cold, African Americans get pneumonia" than the sub-prime mortgage meltdown." What do they mean by this?a. African Americans are biologically prone to catching pneumonia more so than other Americans.b. Any crisis suffered by Americans in general is less of a problem for African Americans.c. African Americans react more dramatically to crisis than other Americans.d. The sub-prime mortgage meltdown hurt African Americans more deeply than it hurts the country at large.

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. No other industrial nation tolerates _______ according to Jacobs and Morone. a. wide gaps in health insurance coverage b. universal health insurance c. high taxes to cover health costs d. a welfare state

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. According to Jacobs and Morone, 33 million people in the United States live with: a. food insecurity & homelessness b. untreated AIDS c. alcohol abuse and/or drug addiction d. unemployment and no health insurance

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. Which of the following is NOT included by Jacobs and Morone as one of the "three paths to good health" followed by other industrial countries? a. universal health care b. investment in education c. tax cuts d. maintaining taxes, instead of cutting taxes

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. According to Jacobs and Morone, the United States population "suffers more illness and dies younger" because of which type of public policy: a. universal health care b. tax cuts, deregulation and unmediated markets c. too much government d. tax hikes that cut into profits leaving corporations unable to provide health insurance

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. According to Jacobs and Morone, people in Harlem die younger than people in Bangladesh because of: a. drug and alcohol abuse b. homicide rates c. AIDS d. stress, cardiovascular disease, cancer and untreated medical conditions

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. A male born in some sections of Washington D.C., according to Jacobs and Morone, has a life expectancy _________________ years lower than a woman born in many wealthy neighborhoods. a. 40 b. 15 c. 10 d. 25

Q: "Health and Wealth: Our Appalling Health Inequality Reflects and Reinforces Society's Other Gaps," Lawrence R. Jacobs and James A. Morone Jacobs and Morone address the relatively low ranking of the United States relative to other countries on issues influencing life chances, particularly those relevant to health and longevity. They note disparities within the United States based on wealth, and identify three causes of health woes including poverty, inequality, and the organization of the health care system. They conclude that while other countries have followed "three paths to good health" the United States has supported public policies that compromise the health of most of its citizens. Which of the following is NOT included by Jacobs and Morone as one of the "three interrelated causes" of health troubles in the United States: a. poverty b. inequality c. personal choices, like poor eating habits and drug and alcohol abuse d. the organization of the health care system

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. Masculinities: a. are stable images and ideals. b. shift with other social changes. c. are universal. d. are simply individual choices that men make.

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. Aggressiveness, decisiveness, competition, a focus on winning and defeating the enemy, and taking of territory from others are characteristics of: a. successful CEOs. b. successful capitalist organizations. c. hegemonic masculinities. d. all of these answers are correct.

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. _________________ has been an essential component of power within capitalist history. a. Compassion b. Violence c. Fairness d. Kindness

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. Cutting jobs to raise profits is a form of: a. violent and hegemonic masculinity. b. marginalized masculinity. c. subordinate masculinity. d. communism.

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. Hegemonic masculinity is: a. the form of masculinity attributed to those men who hold power. b. the way men naturally act. c. the way all men learn to act. d. the way men in subordinate positions are supposed to act with men who have power over them.

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. Masculinity is: a. toughness b. strength c. violent d. a contested term

Q: "Is Capitalism Gendered and Racialized?" Joan Acker Capitalism has been dominated by white males and built by a subordinated gender and race segregated labor force. It has been buttressed by a largely unpaid force of caregivers who are primarily female. These gender and race divisions of labor still exist and are global in scope. Furthermore, capitalist endeavors are gendered in that hegemonic masculinities define dominant values in the norms of corporate conduct. What kind of labor has been viewed as outside the main business of capitalism? a. domestic labor and care giving b. white collar jobs c. industrial labor d. teaching

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. The educated and affluent are in a superior position when it comes to: a. working fewer hours b. investing in their children c. using leisure as a status symbol d. gender oppression

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. Class mobility has _____ in the United States. a. flattened out b. increased c. remained the same d. always been possible for anyone who works hard

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. _________________ is the promise that lies at the heart of the American dream. a. wealth b. a good life c. mobility d. a happy family

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. Class differences in ______________ have widened in the U.S. a. income b. health care c. life span d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. It is difficult to discuss class in the U.S. because: a. class is defined differently by different people. b. most people are middle class. c. it embarrasses poor people to talk about it. d. its importance is declining.

Q: "Shadowy Lines That Still Divide," Janny Scott and David Leonhardt The United States looks like a classless society, the authors say, but class has actually come to play a greater role in determining life chances over the past three decades. It is difficult to discuss class, they argue, because the word is defined differently by different people. Because people of all classes buy luxury items that would have been unimaginable fifty years ago, and because shows like American Idol and The Apprentice reinforce the rags-to-riches mythology that feeds the American dream, the perception of class has blurred while the reality is that class mobility has flattened, and inequality of opportunity has increased. Class plays a/an _____________ part in American life. a. minor b. increasingly important c. declining d. negligible

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. GansNoting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future."The only population whose social features are not automatically perceived differently with upward mobility is:a. Asian Americansb. Native Americansc. South Americansd. African Americans

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." Attitude surveys indicate that over the years White prejudice has: a. declined b. increased c. become the only reason that racism persists d. been limited to ideas about new groups of immigrants

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." When descendents of European immigrants began to move up economically and socially their skin color: a. darkened b. lightened c. appeared lighter to "whites' d. Was overlooked by "whites'

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." Scholars trace color differences in human skin to: a. different racial "tribes' b. climatic adaptations c. intermarriage d. immigration

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." Gans argues that the lay public uses a perception of select physical variations to define: a. biology b. social construction c. individual races d. strangers

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." Biologists argue that human races: a. have different DNA b. cannot interbreed c. scientifically cannot exist d. were once biologically determined but are now weakened by intermarriage

Q: "Race as Class," Herbert J. Gans Noting that most biologists argue that scientifically there can be no human "races' and that sociologists argue that concepts of race are socially constructed, Gans links the persistent lay definition of "race" to the hierarchy of social class in the U.S. The laity, he claims, notice variations in select physical characteristics and "see" these variations as markers of individual races. The lay public then uses their definitions of race to place individuals in hierarchal categories that correspond to social class locations. Gans further claims that many immigrant groups were "blanched" or "whitened" in the lay imagination once those groups experienced upward mobility. This was not the case, he says for African Americans. While the reasons for this exception are a "mystery" to Gans, he expects it to persist unless class hierarchies finally disappear "in some utopian future." Sociologists argue that race is: a. innate b. biologically determined c. socially constructed d. a universal category

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.Asian Americans are ____ their national origins:a. similar inb. highly diverse inc. biracial withind. likely to deny

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.In the 1960s the emerging Asian American Movement rejected the term:a. pan-Asianb. Occidentalc. Orientald. multiracial

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.In the U.S. ______ have exerted control over the production of racial images and stereotypes:a. White peopleb. people of colorc. racial minoritiesd. African Americans

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.In the 1960s the Asian American movement was inspired by:a. anti-Asian violenceb. the Vincent Chin casec. President Kennedyd. civil rights struggles

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.The central norm in the classification of races in the U.S. has been:a. African Americansb. Asian Americansc. color blindnessd. Whiteness

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.Construction refers to:a. scientific processesb. a one time act of classification that then becomes permanentc. a group's sense of self identityd. an ongoing project

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.Race is a system of:a. natural categoriesb. powerc. biological classificationd. genetic classification

Q: "The Contested Meaning of "Asian American": Racial Dilemmas in the Contemporary U.S.," Nazli KimbriaKibria explores the social construction and contested meanings of "Asian American" in the U.S.She views the social construction of race as a dynamic process involving the imposition of categories from without as well as the shaping of meaning within the categorized group. Kibria discusses the tension between "pan-Asianism" and a multiracial approach.The idea of "race" is _____ in meaning.a. highly ambiguousb. clear and consistentc. universald. easily understandable

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Ferber reveals white supremacy is not a movement just about hatred, but evenmore about fear:a. of the strength and courage reflected in Black identity.b. of the vulnerability and instability of white identity and privilege.c. of the deceptiveness of white identity and privilege.d. of newcomers.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity,"Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.According to Ferber, Caucasian Jews today are a:a. small group in the United States.b. strong group in the United States.c. privileged group in the United States.d. fiction, because "Caucasians' are one race and "Jews' are another.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Contemporary white supremacist define Jews as non-white: "not a religion, they are anAsiatic race,a. locked in a mortal conflict with mortal man."b. locked in a mortal conflict with Aryan man."c. locked in a mortal conflict with Asian man."d. locked in a mortal conflict with Black man."

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.White supremacist literature, according to Ferber, describes Interracial sex as the:a. ultimate abomination.b. ultimate betrayal.c. ultimate fear.d. ultimate dislike.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Ferber points out the identity of white supremacists, and the white racial purity they espouse requires the:a. maintenance of secure boundaries.b. maintenance of open boundaries.c. maintenance of closed boundaries.d. maintenance of protected.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.According to "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," which of the following groups reflects the social construction of race?a. Jewsb. Irishc. Whitesd. all of these answers are correct

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Social construction of race refers to:a. the undeniable hierarchy of racial superiority.b. the changing classification of race within society.c. the justification behind anti-Semitism.d. the biological foundations of racial identity.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.According to "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity" by Abby L. Ferber, the history of the Jewish experience:a. has followed a consistent path.b. demonstrates the social construction of race.c. represents the value of white supremacy.d. is the history of freedom from racism.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Abby L. Ferber's experience researching white supremacists led her to reflect on her own racial identity because:a. she did not want to be a member of their targeted group.b. she recognized her own views of white superiority.c. although she largely identified as White, she recognized herself as a target of these groups because she is Jewish.d. she had always considered herself to be a member of a racial minority group.

Q: "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity," Abby L. FerberAbby L. Ferber examines the interdependence of systems of oppression. Her research on white supremacy reveals the connection white supremacists groups make between anti-Semitism and racism in their efforts to maintain the dominant position of Whites in society. Ferber asserts that the changing racial classification of Jews, as revealed in their history, demonstrates the social construction of race. Ferber contrasts her own experience as a Jewish woman, who racially identifies herself as White, with that of her ancestors who experienced discrimination based on their designation as an inferior, non-White race. The variability of racial classifications directly challenges the white supremacists view of innate, and undeniable, White supremacy. Ferber contends that in order to maintain their position of racial superiority, white supremacists target Jews in an attempt to deny their evolved racial classification, thereby denying the relativeness and ambiguity of race.Abby L. Ferber's research reveals that White supremacists view Jews as:a. threats to racial purity.b. supporters of their cause.c. white.d. a religious group, not a race

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.Gallagher believes that ____ is responsible for racial inequality today:a. cultural diversityb. class consciousnessc. institutional racismd. laziness on the part of individuals

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.Watching television is a form of ____ between whites and people of color that encourages whites to believe that little, if any, socio-economic difference exists now between races:a. passive interactionb. active exchangec. educationd. illustration

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.A social system that awards socio-economic success solely based on the effort of individuals is called a(n):a. class hierarchyb. meritocracyc. racial hierarchyd. ideology

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.National polls indicate that a majority of whites now believe that racial discrimination:a. explains the persistence of racial inequalityb. is systematicc. has been eliminatedd. is still a problem, but only in the south

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.A color-blind perspective insinuates that ____ are responsible for racial inequality:a. social institutionsb. individualsc. laws and policiesd. women

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.In color-blind thinking, race is reduced to:a. cultural symbolsb. products for salec. differences in styled. structural inequalities

Q: "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America,"Gallagher argues that a new form of racist thinking, an ideology called color-blind racism, has become dominant among whites in America. Media and popular culture have created an illusion of equality by reducing race to cultural symbols that are marketed to everyone. Symbols of racial equality are embodied in the images of successful personalities in politics and sports, as well as in commodities as diverse as music, clothing, condiments, and cars. This focus on race as merely symbolic allows a majority of whites to believe that racial harmony prevails, institutional racism has been eliminated, and race no longer shapes life chances. This myth buttresses the deeply held belief that America is a meritocracy and that therefore any advantages that whites have now relative to racial minorities are earned advantages, achieved through individual effort. White privilege is thus rendered invisible, and support for programs that address problems caused by institutional racism is undermined.Color-blind ideology:a. ignores raceb. creates equalityc. encourages racial harmonyd. disregards racial hierarchy

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.According to Martinez, contemporary Black rebellion has been:a. non-existentb. ruralc. urband. international

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.No "model minority" myth protects Asians and Asian Americans froma. inherent hostilities from the dominant society and everyday racial prejudiceb. the lack of respect endured in their minority status and stereotypingc. hate crimes, police brutality, immigrant-bashing,d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.According to Martinez, innumerable statistics, reports and daily incidents should make it impossible to exclude Latinos and other non-Black populations of color when racism is discussed, but/and:a. they cannot.b. they try.c. they do.d. they do not.

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.Based upon a shared history of contemporary commonalities, Martinez states:a. "with greater solidarity, all people win"b. "with greater solidarity Native Americans are winners"c. "with greater solidarity, justice for people of color could be won."d. "with greater solidarity comes greater responsibility."

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.Martinez believes the oppressed have survived by:a. becoming friendly toward the oppressor.b. becoming experts on the oppressor's ways.c. becoming more similar in behavior to the oppressor.d. becoming less available to the oppressor.

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.According to Elizabeth Martinez, La Raza challenges the Black/White construct of race in the United States because:a. La Raza reflects combinations of European, indigenous, and African ancestral roots.b. of the group's active involvement in politics.c. members of this group deny any racial identity.d. La Raza have never experienced racism

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.Elizabeth Martinez points to ____ as integral to the formation of the dichotomy of race as Black and White.a. economicsb. immigrationc. genderd. religion