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Anthropology
Q:
Globalization as fact
A. is based on the theory of neoliberalism.
B. began after the fall of the Soviet Union.
C. is the spread and connectedness of production, communication, and technologies across the world.
D. includes efforts to create a global free market for goods and services.
E. refers to a society's set of environment practices and perceptions.
Q:
Knowledge has commercial value as
A. companies seek to decrease of ecological and technical risks.
B. it acknowledges it is more than increasing temperatures.
C. the process of multinational companies increasingly influence national policies.
D. new ideas are converted into products and services that consumers want.
E. it retains the notion of being native to a place.
Q:
Many scientists prefer "________" over "global warming" to denote changes in the environment.
A. deforestation
B. climate change
C. diaspora
D. arctic melting
E. global temperature change
Q:
The greatest obstacle to slowing climate change is the problem of
A. curbing population growth.
B. providing enough food.
C. ensuring that each culture is considered in any plan to halt climate change.
D. stopping deforestation.
E. meeting energy demands.
Q:
________ focuses on how cultural beliefs and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments.
A. Ethnobotanical anthropology
B. Applied anthropology
C. Conservation anthropology
D. Ecological anthropology
E. Paleoecology
Q:
________ is a priority issue to the Malagasy, the people of Madagascar.
A. Human poverty
B. Lemur extinction
C. Deforestation
D. Getting local television programming that reflects their culture
E. Lemur interference at airports
Q:
Which of these goals is most likely to convince an indigenous people to help prevent deforestation?
A. saving global biodiversity
B. slowing global warming
C. doing what is good for the globe
D. preventing erosion in farmland
E. helping the government secure a place in the European Union
Q:
What event entailed a shift from reliance on renewable resources to the use of fossil fuels?
A. modernization
B. industrialization
C. acculturation
D. colonialism
E. capitalism
Q:
The ________ has worked within the United Nations to support indigenous rights.
A. Working Group on Indigenous Populations
B. International Union for Indigenous Rights
C. Supporters of Indigenous Peoples of Postsoviet Countries
D. Intergovernmental Panel on Indigenous Rights
E. United States Corps of Engineers
Q:
________ refers to the contemporary world in flux, with people on the move, in which established canons, categories, distinctions, and boundaries are breaking down.
A. Postmodernity
B. Indigenization
C. Diaspora
D. Hegemony
E. Globalization
Q:
Given the mobility of people today, anthropologists increasingly are shifting their attention from local communities to
A. texts.
B. hegemonies.
C. postsocialist societies.
D. public transcripts.
E. diasporas.
Q:
Which of these statements about television is true?
A. "Studies show that people accept television's messages at face value, without much reinterpretation."
B. "Television coverage can increase an area's participation in an activity."
C. "American programming is much more popular than local television shows around the world."
D. "Television is more popular in urban than in rural areas."
E. "Television has little effect on culture."
Q:
Industrialization and mass production have given rise to a culture of consumption.
Q:
With the spread of industrialization, indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations have become threatened all over the world.
Q:
When indigenous peoples are incorporated into modern nation-states, they usually become ethnic minorities.
Q:
Settler postcolonies are characterized by large native populations displaced by the former European colonists and forced to migrate to their country of origin.
Q:
Unlike other authoritarian regimes, multiparty political systems characterized Communist regimes.
Q:
Central to most intervention philosophies is the idea that modernization, Westernization, and industrialization will bring long-term benefits to local groups.
Q:
The modern world system benefits all participating societies equally.
Q:
To receive international loans, governments of developing countries have been required to accept neoliberal principles.
Q:
________ refers to changes that result when groups come into continuous firsthand contact.
A. Acculturation
B. Hegemony
C. Enculturation
D. Diaspora
E. Colonialism
Q:
The deliberate physical extinction of a group is
A. ethnocide.
B. genocide.
C. indigenocide.
D. cultural imperialism.
E. acculturation.
Q:
Westernization often is described as a form of
A. exodus.
B. postmodernism.
C. acculturation.
D. enculturation.
E. migration.
Q:
Which of these statements about postmodernism is NOT true?
A. "Postmodernism originally referred to a style and movement in architecture."
B. "Postmodernism rejected the rules, geometric order, and austerity of modernism."
C. "Postmodernism has a clear and functional design or structure."
D. "Postmodernism draws on a diversity of styles from different times and places."
E. "Postmodernism extends "value" well beyond classic, elite, and Western cultural forms."
Q:
Many of the political, linguistic, and economic distinctions separating the countries of West Africa today are inventions of colonialism.
Q:
Continual expansion is one of the characteristic features of industrial economic systems.
Q:
Identify how Marx and Weber's views on stratification differ.
Q:
Describe the difference between colonialism and imperialism. Examine the effects that colonialism and imperialism have had on cultural and ethnic diversity.
Q:
Describe some lasting effects of colonialism in the world today. Include a discussion of how ethnic, political, and religious identities were altered by colonialism.
Q:
Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.
Q:
According to Wallerstein, nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.
Q:
List some of the major differences between British and French colonial policies.
Q:
Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp, simple division between successful Protestant industrialists and poor Catholic peasants.
Q:
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie includes people who must sell their labor to survive.
Q:
The transatlantic slave trade expanded to meet European demands for iron ore.
Q:
Higher wages and improved benefits for workers in core nations is possible because added surplus from the periphery enables companies to maintain high profit margins.
Q:
Imperialism is a relatively recent phenomenon that began with the British Empire.
Q:
Today, many American companies are "outsourcing" jobs in order to take advantage of cheap labor in noncore nations.
Q:
The British notion of "the white man's burden" was similar to the French concept of mission civilisatrice in that both were ethnocentric ideologies used to justify colonialism.
Q:
BHP Billiton in Papua New Guinea
A. increased the standard of living for the majority of the indigenous population.
B. closed the mine that was not up to environmental standards.
C. denied that they had made any negative environmental impacts.
D. has caused flooding and pollution that has forced many indigenous families to move.
E. began a reforestation project.
Q:
Define the world-system perspective, and explain why it is important in anthropology.
Q:
Describe the capitalist world economy. Cite when it originated, and list its features.
Q:
Explain the core, semi-periphery, and periphery in the world-system perspective. Describe their relationship to world capitalism.
Q:
Define the Industrial Revolution, and describe how the lives of ordinary working people changed as a result of this revolution.
Q:
Neoliberalism does NOT include
A. the view that government should not regulate private enterprise and market forces.
B. striving to cut government expenses.
C. the belief that property should be communally owned and that people should work for the common good.
D. maximization of profits through cost reduction.
E. tariff- and barrier-free international trade and investment.
Q:
________ is the dominant intervention philosophy today.
A. Neoclassicism
B. Neoimperialism
C. Neosocialism
D. Neocommunism
E. Neoliberalism
Q:
The spread of mining in Papua New Guinea contributed to the destruction of
A. neighboring nation-states.
B. peasants of the same ethnicity as the ruling elite.
C. indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations.
D. the coral reefs.
E. None of these answers is correct.
Q:
In ________, an entrepreneur supplies raw materials to workers in their homes and collects the finished products from them.
A. capitalism
B. industrialism
C. a tribute exchange system
D. reciprocity
E. a domestic system
Q:
To rule its colonies with long histories of state organization, France sometimes
A. used indirect rule.
B. paid elected local officials to implement policy.
C. imposed third-party rule.
D. implemented corrupt rule.
E. installed capitalist rule.
Q:
Many postcolonial countries, especially in Africa, formed when
A. indigenous tribes united to overthrow colonial powers and found their own countries.
B. colonial powers lumped and separated indigenous groups into arbitrary countries.
C. war between eastern and western Africa eventually divided the continent into countries.
D. colonial powers tried to form countries based on keeping indigenous people of the same culture together in the same country.
E. None of these answers is correct.
Q:
Which of these statements about Karl Marx is NOT true?
A. "Marx analyzed 19th- century industrial capitalism."
B. "Marx viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests."
C. "Marx called the owners of the means of production the bourgeoisie."
D. "Marx called the people who sold their labor the proletariat."
E. "Marx emphasized class consciousness."
Q:
According to Weber, the three dimensions of social stratification are
A. means of production, mode of production, and measure of production.
B. status, exchange, and religion.
C. gender, ethnicity, and race.
D. wealth, power, and prestige.
E. age, gender, and ethnicity.
Q:
Which of these statements about the world system is NOT true?
A. "The world system is based on economies oriented toward the world market for profit."
B. "The world system depends on each nation producing all that is needed by its own population."
C. "The world system was established primarily through European colonialism."
D. "The standard of living in the world system tends to be higher for populations living in core nations."
E. "Nations may change their positions in the world system."
Q:
The Industrial Revolution began in
A. England.
B. China.
C. the United States.
D. Germany.
E. France.
Q:
Twentieth-century industrialization did NOT
A. bring new industries and new jobs.
B. exert beneficial effects on the economies, ecologies, and populations of "developing" nations in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
C. result in dramatically increased production.
D. increase production-spurred strategies to sell everything industry could churn out.
E. give rise to a culture of consumption.
Q:
Mass production gave rise to a culture of
A. competitiveness.
B. consumption.
C. creativity.
D. instant communication.
E. expansion.
Q:
The term ________ refers to a former colony with large numbers of European colonists and sparser native populations.
A. settler country
B. nonsettler country
C. mixed country
D. postimperial country
E. emergent country
Q:
The former Soviet Union, as well as the socialist and previously socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, is sometimes referred to as the
A. Postcolonial World.
B. Neocolonial World.
C. First World.
D. Second World.
E. Third World.
Q:
Modern colonialism began
A. in the aftermath of World War II.
B. with the fall of Rome.
C. during the European "Age of Discovery."
D. because of the Bolshevik Revolution.
E. at the end of the Seven Years' War.
Q:
The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time is
A. neoliberalism.
B. an intervention philosophy.
C. a green revolution.
D. colonialism.
E. socialism.
Q:
According to Marx, class consciousness results from
A. the persistence of ethic identities after ethnic "markers" have more or less disappeared.
B. an elaboration of diverse religious beliefs in industrialized societies.
C. peoples' recognition of cognatic kin beyond the boundaries of biological relatedness.
D. peoples' identification with groups based on common economic interests.
E. the gradual elaboration of gender-based differences first established during the period of peasant subsistence farming.
Q:
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are
A. the product of gender differentiation in Europe's tribal past.
B. the owners of the means of production in core and periphery nations, respectively.
C. distinct and opposed classes in the capitalist economy.
D. exogamous social groups.
E. moiety groups that dominated Western capitalism.
Q:
Current media technology helps to disseminate knowledge to the public.
Q:
________ fueled the European "Age of Discovery."
A. A desire to save the souls of local peoples
B. Pilgrims fleeing persecution in their European homelands
C. The feudal kingdoms of East Asia reaching out to establish trade links with Europe
D. A seven-year-long drought in Europe
E. European commercial interest in exotic raw materials
Q:
Which of the following was a result of the growing demand for sugar in Europe?
A. The independent indigenous nations of Mexico and South America, which grew sugarcane, became more powerful.
B. Sugar-producing nations moved from the periphery to the core of the world system.
C. Capitalism expanded to the rest of the world.
D. The transatlantic slave trade developed.
E. English peasants who grew sugarcane became members of the bourgeoisie.
Q:
Which of these statements about British colonialism is NOT true?
A. "British colonialism lacked an intervention philosophy."
B. "British colonialism consisted of two main phases."
C. "British colonialism was legitimized by the racist notion of the white man's burden'."
D. "British colonialism began to disintegrate following World War II."
E. "British colonialism was driven by economic interests."
Q:
________ refers to the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.
A. Mission civilisatrice
B. Neoliberalism
C. Postcolonial
D. Postimperial
E. Posthegemonic
Q:
________ refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit.
A. Stock
B. Proletariat
C. Caste
D. Bourgeoisie
E. Capital
Q:
Which of these statements about world-system theory is NOT true?
A. "Wallerstein wrote about the world-system theory."
B. "World-system theory stresses the existence of a global culture."
C. "World-system theory claims that a set of economic and political interconnections has characterized much of the globe since the 16th century."
D. "World-system theory focuses on links and power differentials between local peoples and international forces."
E. "World-system theory deals exclusively with non-Western, horticultural societies."
Q:
The three positions that nations occupy in the world system are
A. core, periphery, and semi-periphery.
B. metropole, satellite, and semi-satellite.
C. state, nation-state, and nation.
D. wealth, power, and prestige.
E. bourgeoisie, middle class, and proletariat.
Q:
Core nations generally do NOT
A. represent the dominant structural position in the world system.
B. consist of the strongest and most powerful states.
C. have advanced systems of production.
D. have complex economies.
E. have less control over world finance than do semi-periphery nations.
Q:
Peripheral nations
A. export to the core but not the semi-periphery.
B. lack industrialization.
C. are isolated from the world economy.
D. have economies that are shaped to serve the interests of the core.
E. have little incentive to interact with nations of the core.
Q:
Which of these statements about semi-periphery nations is NOT true?
A. "Semi-periphery nations are industrialized."
B. "Semi-periphery nations export industrial goods and commodities."
C. "Semi-periphery nations lack the power and economic dominance of core nations."
D. "Brazil is an example of a semi-periphery nation."
E. "Semi-periphery nations' economic activities are less mechanized than those in the periphery."
Q:
According to Marx, classes are
A. desirable, because they perform tasks necessary to the survival of society.
B. part of the original, preindustrial social system of humans.
C. opposed to one another based on conflicting economic interests.
D. based more on notions of prestige and morality than on actual economic differences.
E. not important to an understanding of history.
Q:
Non-Western medicine does not maintain a sharp distinction between biological and psychological illnesses.
Q:
Public-interest anthropologists should not participate in making policy decisions.
Q:
Academic and applied anthropology have a symbiotic relationship, as theory aids practice and application fuels theory.
Q:
During World War II, the U.S. government recruited anthropologists to study Japanese and German culture.
Q:
Cultural resource management (CRM) refers to the efforts of peripheral nations to develop tourism focused on their cultural heritage, past and present.
Q:
The spread of malaria is linked to population growth and deforestation.