Q&A Hero

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.According to Martinez, recognition of the similar experiences among racial and ethnic groups will result in:a. competition over scarce and limited resources.b. greater solidarity in the fight against racism.c. diminished distinction among groups.d. an end to racism

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.In "Seeing More than Black and White," Elizabeth Martinez refers to the Oppression Olympics as:a. the lack of minority group representation at the Olympic games.b. the competition among different oppressed groups for the least oppressed status.c. the competition among different oppressed groups for the most oppressed status.d. a worthy goal for any movement dedicated to social justice

Q: "Seeing More than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divide," Elizabeth MartinezElizabeth Martinez contends that Latinos, among other racial and ethnic groups, have been largely ignored in the discussion of racism in the United States. She argues that the growing population of these groups, along with the increased awareness of their similar experiences, requires a broadening of the historically dichotomous view of race as Black and White. The denial of the Latino experience reflects the conflicting perception of Latinos by dominant society; they are viewed as invisible and a threat at the same time. The invisibility of Latinos is reflected in either the denial of their presence or in a one-dimensional view of Latinos based largely on stereotypes. When the presence of Latinos is recognized, it is often within the context of jeopardizing the dominant or other minority groups' position. Martinez argues that the removal of Latinos from the discussion of race has resulted not only in a denial of their experience as a group targeted by racism, but it has prevented the acknowledgement of the similarity in their and other people of color's treatment thereby preventing unity in their shared struggle against racism.According to "Seeing More than Black and White," the Latin/Asian/Pacific/American and Native American populations are:a. declining.b. increasing.c. growing as fast as the African American population.d. growing at a slower rate than the African American population.

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher KeysBlack, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations.The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society."According to the authors, a(n) __________________better accounts for systemic inequalities faced by minorities with disabilities and attempts to overcome these obstacles.a. biological frameworkb. cultural frameworkc. minority group frameworkd. empowerment framework

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher KeysBlack, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations.The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society."Disability rights activists __________________ earlier models of disability that focusing on individual pathology, and opt for models that emphasize overcoming social barriers.a. acceptb. reject

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher KeysBlack, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations.The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society."The uses a single issue (such as race or gender or sexual orientation) as the focus for identity formation.a. biological modelb. cultural modelc. minority group modeld. empowerment model

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher KeysBlack, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations.The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society."The __________________ states that poverty is reproduced from one generation to another, and functions to justify blaming the poor for their poverty and blaming social problems on innate deficiencies.a. culture of poverty thesisb. eugenics movementc. deficient hypothesisd. disability dogma

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher Keys Black, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations. The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society." In the early 1900s, eugenics: a. was the primary ideological framework in which policies and practices were developed to manage marginalized populations and was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." b. made this a more democratic nation. c. addressed social problems structurally by eliminating unequal power relations. d. prevented the sterilization of people said to be "inferior."

Q: "Race, Poverty and Disability: Three Strikes and You"re Out! Or Are You?" Pamela Black, Fabricio Balcazar and Christopher KeysBlack, Balcazar and Keys chronicle the theoretical development to understanding race, class and disability. They argue that early conceptualizations present images of race, class and disability in terms of deficiency and dependence. For example, biological models represented certain racial and ethnic groups as genetically inferior. The eugenics movement that started in the early 1900s stemmed from the biological mode was used to establish race and class distinctions as "natural." Similarly, cultural models represented racial and ethnic groups as trapped in a cycle of poverty. This culture of poverty was reproduced from generation to generation. The authors state that biological and cultural models to explain race, class and disability do not adequately explain the differences between disabled and non-disabled, minority and non-minority populations.The minority group model supplied a contrary position to the biological and cultural models by suggesting that social problems should be addressed structurally through the elimination of unequal power relations and re-distribution of wealth and income. However, identity formation is problematic within the minority group model because its focus is typically on a single issue, for example, race or gender or sexual orientation. According to the authors, this single issue strategy excludes those facing multiple concerns or "triple jeopardy." The authors advocate for the use of an empowerment framework so that "individuals from marginalized groups with multiple stigmas may gain the social, political, and economic support needed to overcome barriers to their full participation in society."The model(s) represented people of color with disabilities as deficient, dependent, social victims and/or socially threatening.a. empowermentb. minority groupc. biological and culturald. empowerment and minority group

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntoshPeggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm.McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit.McIntosh believes race and sex are not the only advantaging systems at work. We need to similarly examine the daily experience of having other advantages such as:a. age, work, money or experience.b. age, ethnicity, physical ability, nationality, religion or sexual orientation.c. age, behavior, attitude or privilege.d. beauty, wealth and fame.

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntoshPeggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm.McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit.McIntosh says the word "privilege" now seems misleading. Its connotations are too_________________to fit the conditions and behaviors that "privilege systems" produce.a. negativeb. positivec. ambiguousd. guilt inducing

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntosh Peggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm. McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit. The author believes Whiteness protected her from many kinds of: a. adjustments, fears and actions b. hostility, distress and violence c. fears, violence and adjustments d. depression, anxieties, and self defeating behaviors

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntoshPeggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm.McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit.McIntosh acknowledges that running through a matrix of White privilege were a pattern of_________________ that were passed on to her as a White person.a. assumptionsb. attitudesc. behaviorsd. actions

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntosh Peggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm. McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit. McIntosh argues that for White people: a. sexual identity is the only area where a system of advantage can be found. b. gender is the only area where a system of advantage can be found. c. race is the only area where a system of advantage can be found. d. systems of advantage can be found in several aspects of one's life.

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntoshPeggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm.McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit.Peggy McIntosh argues that recognizing White privilege challenges:a. the notion that an individual's experience is based solely on his or her own merit.b. the notion that an individual's experience is based on unearned advantage.c. the notion that an individual's experience is based on entitlement.d. the idea that racism is still a problem in the U.S.

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntosh Peggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm. McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit. McIntosh argues that men: a. accept their privileged position in relation to women. b. accept their privileged position in relation to people of color. c. deny their privileged position in relation to women. d. deny their privileged position in relation to people of color.

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntosh Peggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm. McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit. McIntosh defines as an invisible package of unearned assets. a. White privilege b. Black privilege c. class d. being a woman

Q: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack," Peggy McIntoshPeggy McIntosh explores the invisibility of racial privilege. She argues that Whites tend to be unaware of the privilege they have as members of the dominant group. To illustrate this point she compares her own experiences with denied male privilege to her own limited perception of the privilege she enjoys because she is White. In an effort to challenge this lack of awareness, she lists forty-six examples of the invisible privilege she experiences in her everyday life that people of color do not. She points out that these daily benefits of being white make her life easier. For example, the ability to shop without being followed, to count on her skin color not causing suspicion of her financial reliability, or even the ability to find blemish cover to match her skin tone reflects her white privilege. She argues that for Whites these occurrences are largely taken for granted. They are expected, assumed to be the normal experiences of everyday life. For people of color, however, they are constant reminders of the struggle involved in all aspects of life when one's position in society is reflected as outside of the norm.McIntosh identifies positive and negative aspects of privilege; unearned advantage and conferred dominance. The advantage experienced by the privileged group can be unearned, merely as a consequence of their position, or it can be created through dominance yielded because of their position. Both aspects challenge the notion that one's experience in society is based solely on one's merit, and recognizing this challenges the denial surrounding systems of privilege and oppression. McIntosh contends that once the privileged can no longer deny the benefits intrinsic to their position, they must then decide to either destroy or maintain the system from which they benefit.In "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to SeeCorrespondences Through Work in Women's Studies (1988)," Peggy McIntosh:a. is more interested in developing separate institutions for Blacks than raising the consciousness of Whites.b. points out that Whites tend to be unaware of the privileges they have as members of the dominant group.c. challenges the belief that minority group members are as prejudiced as members of the dominant group.d. points out that White privilege no longer exists.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. Takaki maintains that the history and influence of all groups in America: a. offer a concreteness to the founding national principle of equality. b. creates a conflict of interest between minority and dominant groups. c. reflect the racial harmony evident in society today. d. have resulted in an end to racial injustice

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. TakakiThrough personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity.Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today.According to Takaki, the encounters between Indians and Whites:a. illustrates the pluralism evident in American society.b. reflects the complete assimilation achieved by racial and ethnic groups in U.S. society.c. shaped the course of race relations in America.d. were mostly peaceful.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. Takaki examines how the Jewish immigrant's view of America as a promised land led to: a. their participation in the fight for equal rights for other oppressed groups. b. their acceptance by dominant society. c. their rapid return to their homeland. d. an absence of anti-semitism in the U.S.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. Takaki points out that the Irish were denied acceptance by dominant society because of their: a. political activity. b. whiteness. c. religion. d. late arrival

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. According to Takaki, the Chicano experience is unique in that: a. Chicanos have settled predominantly in the North. b. most all Chicanos are initially illegal immigrants. c. their presence in the United States is the result of colonization and immigration. d. Chinese Americans quickly became elites.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. According to Takaki, the immigration experience of the Chinese: a. set a precedent for the restriction of European immigrant groups. b. reflects the openness of America's doors to immigrant groups. c. differed from the immigrant experience among European immigrants. d. was an isolated example of exclusion.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. Takaki points out that slavery and the Civil Rights Movement serve as: a. scars on America's past. b. reminders of America's goal of freedom. c. evidence of hardship and suffering among Americans. d. evidence of American's conformity to social norms.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. In Takaki's "A Different Mirror," the Rodney King beating illustrates: a. the conflict between the haves and have-nots in society. b. the role of media in society. c. America's intensifying racial crisis. d. the need for reform of the criminal justice system.

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. According to Takaki, the cab driver he spoke with expressed a widely shared sense of history that views American as: a. European in its ancestry. b. inclusive of all racial and ethnic groups. c. all United States citizens. d. a mixture of people who immigrated from all over the world

Q: "A Different Mirror," Ronald T. Takaki Through personal reflection and historical summaries, Ronald T. Takaki explores multicultural America. As a Japanese American, Takaki argues that the historical and cultural influence of the Japanese, as well as other racial and ethnic groups, on American culture is largely unrecognized. The contributions of racial and ethnic groups must be acknowledged to fully appreciate the true essence of American identity. Takaki illustrates how despite historical similarities, racial and ethnic groups have been pitted against one another, and their historical presence denied. Yet, he points out, their influences and contributions to society are evident everywhere. He argues that recognizing the value of their experiences allows for an enlightened understanding of our common history and the tensions and struggles evident among racial and ethnic groups today. According to Takaki's analysis of history, America: a. only recently became multicultural. b. has always been multicultural. c. has been influenced by only the European settlers. d. has maintained a homogeneous populace.

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah Torres Torres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling. What kind of racism does the author identify as most prominent in this story? a. covert b. institutionalized c. overt d. structural

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah TorresTorres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling.From the author's viewpoint, which "assault with intent to hurt" caused the most lasting damage to its intended victim?a. the spraying of maceb. the hurling of the quarterc. the use of racial labelsd. the court proceedings

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah Torres Torres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling. After high school Carlos: a. became a career criminal b. went to college at Berkeley c. attacked the white men who had maced him d. we don"t know from the article what he did

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah Torres Torres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling. The author tried to channel his anger by: a. writing about it b. fighting back with violence c. hating white people d. dropping out of school and joining a gang

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah Torres Torres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling. According to the author, what made the incident at the traffic light racist? a. the angry gestures of the white passenger b. the fact that the author and his friends were Filipino c. the use of mace d. the particular labels the white men used to describe Carlos and his friend

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah TorresTorres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling.The author believes the police questioned him and Carlos about possible gang membership because:a. the police thought the white men who attacked Carlos and his friend might have been in a gangb. the police saw gang insignias tattooed on the boys' bodiesc. among the hundreds of thousands of Filipino youth living in Palo Alto at that time many thousands were known to be in gangsd. the police made a racist assumption that young Asian men are likely to be gang members

Q: "Label Us Angry" Jeremiah Torres Torres is still angry, years after an incident that he describes as "the most painful and shocking event" of his life. Growing up in Palo Alto California, he and his friend Carlos had not experienced overt racism until they had a confrontation with a speeding driver who cut them off as they were leaving their high school parking lot. The events that followed " from the meanness of the people in the other car to the reactions of police officers and the different ways in which the author and his friend handled their anger " illustrate some dramatic consequences of racist assumptions and racist labeling. What hurt Carlos more than the mace or the night he spent in the juvenile detention center? a. racist labels b. a police beating c. the reactions of his parents d. his conscience

Q: "From a Native Daughter," Haunani-Kay TraskTrask describes her experiences of growing up and learning about Hawaiian history from two sources. Her family described the ""life of the old ones'" " how they planted, fished, danced and chanted. The second source, textbooks, described a very different Hawaii " ""Pagan Hawaiians'" could not read or write and were ""lustful cannibals."" Trask is troubled by how native language has been suppressed by school knowledge. She concludes that historians had never learned the language of the Hawaiian people. Therefore, the story of Hawaii, its culture and connection to the land remains unwritten.Trask would argue that historians have engaged in thinking, by judging Hawaiian culture to the standards of their own culture.a. feudalisticb. civilizedc. ethnocentricd. possessive

Q: "From a Native Daughter," Haunani-Kay TraskTrask describes her experiences of growing up and learning about Hawaiian history from two sources. Her family described the ""life of the old ones'" " how they planted, fished, danced and chanted. The second source, textbooks, described a very different Hawaii " ""Pagan Hawaiians'" could not read or write and were ""lustful cannibals."" Trask is troubled by how native language has been suppressed by school knowledge. She concludes that historians had never learned the language of the Hawaiian people. Therefore, the story of Hawaii, its culture and connection to the land remains unwritten.The Hawaiian language shows possession in two ways: through the use of an "a" possessive, which indicates , and through the use of an "o" possessive which denotes:a. civilized status; less developed statusb. inherent status; acquired statusc. acquired status; inherent statusd. less developed status; civilized status

Q: "From a Native Daughter," Haunani-Kay Trask Trask describes her experiences of growing up and learning about Hawaiian history from two sources. Her family described the ""life of the old ones'" " how they planted, fished, danced and chanted. The second source, textbooks, described a very different Hawaii " ""Pagan Hawaiians'" could not read or write and were ""lustful cannibals."" Trask is troubled by how native language has been suppressed by school knowledge. She concludes that historians had never learned the language of the Hawaiian people. Therefore, the story of Hawaii, its culture and connection to the land remains unwritten. By claiming that Hawaiians lived under feudalism, Whites a. alienated the Hawaiian people from the land b. instituted land tenure changes in line with current notions of private property c. degraded a successful system of shared land use d. all of these answers are correct

Q: "From a Native Daughter," Haunani-Kay Trask Trask describes her experiences of growing up and learning about Hawaiian history from two sources. Her family described the ""life of the old ones'" " how they planted, fished, danced and chanted. The second source, textbooks, described a very different Hawaii " ""Pagan Hawaiians'" could not read or write and were ""lustful cannibals."" Trask is troubled by how native language has been suppressed by school knowledge. She concludes that historians had never learned the language of the Hawaiian people. Therefore, the story of Hawaii, its culture and connection to the land remains unwritten. Historians claim that Hawaiian land tenure was based on "feudalism." Trask would argue that the historians' claims are: a. true b. false

Q: "From a Native Daughter," Haunani-Kay Trask Trask describes her experiences of growing up and learning about Hawaiian history from two sources. Her family described the ""life of the old ones'" " how they planted, fished, danced and chanted. The second source, textbooks, described a very different Hawaii " ""Pagan Hawaiians'" could not read or write and were ""lustful cannibals."" Trask is troubled by how native language has been suppressed by school knowledge. She concludes that historians had never learned the language of the Hawaiian people. Therefore, the story of Hawaii, its culture and connection to the land remains unwritten. According to the article, the first step in the colonizing process is: a. learning the Native language of the people b. the deculturation of a people c. infanticide d. assimilation of the colonizers to the native culture

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her father speaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.Almas Sayeed believes she must learn how to be a committed feminist and:a. fight for women's rights internationally.b. maintain a positive relationship with her parents.c. maintain her cultural, religious and community ties.d. incorporate Western customs into her Indian lifestyle

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her father speaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.Because of her study of feminist theory, what did Sayeed understand about her father's plans to arrange a marriage for her?a. He was trying to suppress her feminist ideas.b. He thought she was already passed an acceptable marrying age.c. He was fulfilling his social obligation as a father and protector.d. He wanted to ensure that he would have grandchildren.

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her father speaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.According to Almas Sayeed, traditional arranged marriage not only conflicted with the feminist ideology she had come to embrace, but in comparison to more pressing issues, it seemed almost:a. strangeb. insignificantc. too confiningd. petty

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her fatherspeaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.Based on Almas Sayeed's essay, what elements in her academic experience radically altered her perceptions of marriage and family?a. professorsb. relativesc. friendsd. advisors

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her fatherspeaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.Almas Sayeed viewed the arranged marriage plans of her father to marry someone she had never met as a commitment to:a. being Indian, being a good Muslim woman, and to her parents.b. her family's culture.c. a secure future and happy life.d. marrying the most promising husband among interested relatives.

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her fatherspeaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.According to Almas Sayeed, her father's concern regarding her getting married and his marriage plans for her were in keeping with:a. traditional American culture.b. East Indian traditions.c. Western cultural traditions.d. traditional Muslim cultural traditions.

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas Sayeed Almas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her father speaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory. In reference to gender equality, what did veiling represent to Almas Sayeed? a. the sexes are equal b. cross gender support and encouragement c. reinforcement of the fact that inequality between the sexes is natural d. social justice

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas Sayeed Almas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her father speaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory. According to Almas Sayeed, what is the social and cultural significance of the hijab? a. adherence to religious and cultural traditions, and prevention of Western immersion b. rejection of religious and cultural traditions, and embrace of Western culture c. adherence to religious and cultural traditions, and adherence to Western immersion d. rejection of religious and cultural traditions, and rejection of Western immersion

Q: "Chappals and Gym Shorts: An Indian Muslim Woman in the Land of Oz," Almas SayeedAlmas Sayeed is an Indian Muslim woman attending school in Kansas. A visit from her fatherspeaking of marriage appears to be the catalyst that ignites her concerns regarding certain cultural traditions. Sayeed provides an insightful journey into her family life, cultural traditions regarding gender roles, submissiveness, marriage and sexuality. Sayeed's thoughts and views are strengthened by her introduction to Feminist theory.Based upon Almas Sayeed's essay, what kind of agreement is often made to ensure that a daughter gets married?a. matrimonial planningb. arranged marriagec. marriage celebrationd. patrilineal

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.The author believes that educators and those who are educated have a special responsibility for leading the struggle against:a. traditionalism, family values and alienation.b. marginalization, traditionalism and alienation.c. exclusion, alienation, marginalization.d. family values, traditionalism and elitism

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.Arturo Madrid had to admit that________________ representation was truly missing in American institutional life.a. Europeanb. Internationalc. racial minorityd. Canadian

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo Madrid Arturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity. In "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo Madrid relates the well-being of society to: a. the degree and extent to which all of its citizens participate in its institutions. b. the level of marginality maintained in society. c. the experiences of the other in society. d. the strength of capitalist markets.

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.According to Arturo Madrid, what happens once minority individuals enter into institutional life?a. They are met with acceptance.b. Their participation is restricted.c. They passively participate.d. They take over the highest positions within the organization.

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.Which of the following does NOT represent the experience of being the other as described by Arturo Madrid in "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand"?a. being perceived uni-dimensionallyb. feeling different, distinct, or dissimilarc. sticking out like a sore thumbd. being connected and included

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.As noted in "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," the use of the Spanish language in the United States was proscribed either dejure or defacto. Dejure means:a. by mistake.b. by practice, or through political and economic pressures.c. by day.d. by rule, policy, or law.

Q: "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo MadridArturo Madrid argues that Latinos, as well as other racial and ethnic minorities, are perceived as "other" because of language, culture, and physical attributes that differ from those of the dominant group in society. Accordingly, access to social institutions such as employment, education, and government is limited. Once access is obtained, particularly in those institutions within which integration is expected, for example, universities, ethnic and racial minorities are marginalized, denied opportunity and a political voice. Madrid urges all members of society to unite in struggle against marginalization, exclusion, and alienation. By ensuring that our institutions more accurately reflect the diversity of society, we relieve social tensions and prevent the possible disintegration of the very structures that are intended to offer opportunity.According to "Missing People and Others: Joining Together to Expand," Arturo Madrid describes los americanos as in newspapers, news magazines, books, on radio, in movies and, ultimately, on television.a. missingb. Chicanosc. omnipresentd. invisible

Q: "Straight is to Gay as Family is to No Family," Kath WestonThis essay presents a distinct dichotomy that depicts the establishment and maintenance of family and extended kin in the gay and straight world. Weston delineates a path of rejection, isolation and loneliness from straight families as gay persons attempt to establish individual identities. In addressing misperceptions surrounding gay life, this essay also introduces alternative approaches to the establishment and cultivation of family life.According to Weston, two assumptions surround the divide between gay life and family:a. the absence of children or lasting relationships and alienation of adoptive and blood kin.b. too many children and poor relationships.c. numerous children and only one biological parent.d. family acceptance and lasting relationships.

Q: What evidence from the skeletons and teeth of early farmers do scientists use to document the negative consequences of a shift from food foraging to the domestication of food?

Q: Describe some of the ways that modern humans' faces, jaws, and teeth changed after the shift to agriculture and consumption of softer foods.

Q: While the domestication of plants and animals certainly led to a more stable food supply in the Holocene, it also resulted in significant problems. Briefly describe some of these problems.

Q: Based on archaeological and genetic studies of modern people, by what mechanism did wheat spread from the Levant into Europe?

Q: What main change in subsistence defines the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Q: During your lab you are asked to identify the condition exhibited by a juvenile female skull, in addition to suggesting the likely cause of the condition. You observe porous bone in the eye orbits. You identify the condition as a. porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia. b. periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet. c. hypoplasias, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection. d. cribraorbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.

Q: The Neolithic Demographic Transition a. was a drop in the death rate. b. was a shift from low birth rates to high birth rates. c. brought about large population increases. d. both b and c.

Q: The cross section of an adult femur reveals a bone that is longer/flattened in one direction, giving the cross section the appearance of an oval. This suggests a. that the individual was likely very physically active. b. that the individual was lethargic and largely sedentary. c. that the individual had a nutritional deficiency as a child. d. You cannot discern anything from the shape of bone.

Q: Research conducted by Richard Lee found that hunter-gatherers showed great variation in workload and leisure time. Prior to this research, hunting and foraging was thought to be physically and temporally demanding. Lee's findings are a. evidence of the importance of the scientific method. b. evidence of the importance of hypothesis testing. c. evidence of the usefulness of observations and hypothesis generation. d. all of the above.

Q: One of the most important technological innovations that appeared at about the same time as agriculture wasa. writing systems. b. the controlled use of fire. c. metal tools.d. ceramics.

Q: The high incidence of dental defects in early humans is tied to which of the following?a. decline in nutritional quality b. increase in nutritional quality c. increase in infectious diseased. a and c only

Q: atalhyk is an important Neolithic site located ina. southwest Asia. b. southern Africa. c. central Mexico.d. India.

Q: How many separate centers of domestication exist, according to archaeologists?a. three b. five c. sevend. eleven

Q: All of the following are advantages of agriculture over foraging except a. agriculture supports larger numbers of people. b. agriculture results in a food surplus. c. agriculture has led to increased diversity in food. d. agriculture is a necessary prerequisite to civilization.

Q: As seen in the skeletal record, which of the following diseases likely affected humans as far back as the Holocene?a. influenza b. HIV c. syphilisd. tuberculosis

Q: Osteoarthritis is defined as a. building up of bone tissue due to sports. b. degenerative changes in bone tissue due to physical activity or mechanical stress. c. loss of bone mass due to genetic factors. d. none of the above.

Q: Diseases such as yaws, syphilis, and bejel are known asa. periosteal reactions. b. trepanematoses. c. cribraorbitalia.d. none of the above.

Q: The type of iron found in some foods that provides all the amino acids humans require in their diet isa. heme iron. b. nonheme iron. c. flat iron.d. raw iron.

Q: The invasion of spongy bone into the eye sockets as a response to anemia is calleda. hyperosteitis. b. trabeculitis. c. orbital arthritis.d. cribraorbitalia.

Q: Dental caries increased in some areas where agriculture began, due to an increase in the consumption ofa. nuts. b. starchy carbohydrates. c. seeds.d. animal protein.

Q: Which of the following is a New World domesticate?a. wheat b. rice c. cottond. pigs

Q: The last 10,000 years is referred to as thea. Pleistocene epoch. b. Holocene epoch. c. Pliocene epoch.d. Anthrocene epoch.

Q: Which of the following is not an infectious disease?a. AIDS b. tuberculosis c. Ebolad. diabetes