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Anthropology
Q:
__________ refers to the blurring and breakdown of established canons (rules, standards), categories, distinctions, and boundaries.
A. Chaos
B. Entropy
C. Postmodern
D. Agoraphobia
E. Diaspora
Q:
__________ refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, or its imposition on other cultures.
A. Diasporation
B. Symbolic domination
C. Cultural imperialism
D. Conquest
E. Colonialism
Q:
Globalization as fact
A. is based on the theory of neoliberalism
B. began after the fall of the Soviet Union
C. is the spread and connectedness of production, communication, and technologies across the world.
D. includes efforts to create a global free market for goods and services.
E. refers to a society's set of environment practices and perceptions.
Q:
Knowledge has commercial value as
A. companies seek to decrease of ecological and technical risks.
B. it acknowledges it is more than increasing temperatures.
C. the process of multinational companies increasingly influence national policies.
D. new ideas are converted into products and services that consumers want.
E. it retains the notion of being native to a place.
Q:
Many scientists prefer __________ instead of global warming to describe changes in the environment.
A. deforestation
B. climate change
C. diaspora
D. arctic melting
E. global temperature change
Q:
The greatest obstacle to slowing climate change is
A. curbing population growth.
B. providing enough food.
C. ensuring that each culture is considered in any plan to halt climate change.
D. stopping deforestation.
E. meeting energy demands.
Q:
__________ focuses on how cultural beliefs and practices helped human populations adapt to their environments.
A. Ethnobotanical anthropology
B. Applied anthropology
C. Conservation anthropology
D. Ecological anthropology
E. Paleoecology
Q:
__________ is a priority issue to the Malagasy, the people of Madagascar.
A. Human poverty
B. Lemur extinction
C. Deforestation
D. Getting local television programming that reflects their culture
E. Lemur interference at airports
Q:
To receive international loans, governments of developing countries have been required to accept neoliberal principles.
Q:
__________ refers to changes that result when groups come into continuous firsthand contact.
A. Acculturation
B. Hegemony
C. Enculturation
D. Diaspora
E. Colonialism
Q:
The deliberate physical extinction of a group is
A. ethnocide.
B. genocide.
C. indigenocide.
D. cultural imperialism.
E. acculturation.
Q:
Westernization often is described as a form of
A. exodus
B. postmodernism
C. acculturation
D. enculturation
E. migration
Q:
Postmodernism
A. originally described a style and movement in architecture.
B. rejects rules, geometric order, and austerity.
C. has a clear and functional design or structure.
D. draws on a diversity of styles from different times and places.
E. extends "value" well beyond classic, elite, and Western cultural forms.
Q:
__________ defines the contemporary world in flux, with people on the move, in which established canons, categories, distinctions, and boundaries are breaking down.
A. Postmodernity
B. Indigenization
C. Diaspora
D. Hegemony
E. Globalization
Q:
Given the mobility of people today, anthropologists increasingly are shifting their attention from local communities to
A. texts.
B. hegemonies.
C. postsocialist societies.
D. public transcripts.
E. diasporas.
Q:
Industrialization and mass production have given rise to a culture of consumption.
Q:
With the spread of industrialization, indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations have become threatened all over the world.
Q:
When indigenous peoples are incorporated into modern nation-states, they usually become ethnic minorities.
Q:
Settler postcolonies are characterized by large native populations displaced by the former European colonists, and they are forced to migrate to their country of origin.
Q:
Unlike other authoritarian regimes, multiparty political systems characterized Communist societies.
Q:
Central to most intervention philosophies is the idea that modernization, Westernization, and industrialization will bring long-term benefits to local groups.
Q:
Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp, simple division between successful Protestant industrialists and poor Catholic peasants.
Q:
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie includes people who must sell their labor to survive.
Q:
The transatlantic slave trade expanded to meet European demands for iron ore.
Q:
Higher wages and improved benefits for workers in core nations is possible because added surplus from the periphery enables companies to maintain high profit margins.
Q:
Today, many American companies are "outsourcing" jobs in order to take advantage of cheap labor in noncore nations.
Q:
Imperialism is a relatively recent phenomenon that began with the British Empire.
Q:
The British notion of "the white man's burden" was similar to the French concept of mission civilisatrice in that both were ethnocentric ideologies used to justify colonialism.
Q:
Many of the political, linguistic, and economic distinctions separating the countries of West Africa today are inventions of colonialism.
Q:
Continual expansion is one of the characteristic features of industrial economic systems.
Q:
Describe some lasting effects of colonialism in the world today. Include a discussion of how ethnic, political, and religious identities were altered by colonialism.
Q:
Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.
Q:
According to Wallerstein, nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.
Q:
In __________, an entrepreneur supplies raw materials to workers in their homes and collects the finished products from them.
A. Capitalism
B. Industrialism
C. Tribute exchange
D. Reciprocity
E. Domestic system
Q:
To rule its colonies with long histories of state organization, France sometimes
A. used indirect rule.
B. paid elected local officials to implement policy.
C. imposed third-party rule.
D. implemented corrupt rule.
E. installed capitalist rule.
Q:
Many postcolonial countries, especially in Africa, formed when
A. indigenous tribes united to overthrow colonial powers and found their own countries.
B. colonial powers lumped and separated indigenous groups into arbitrary countries.
C. war between eastern and western Africa eventually divided the continent into countries.
D. Colonial powers tried to form countries based on keeping indigenous people of the same culture together in the same country.
E. None of the above is correct.
Q:
BHP Billiton in Papua New Guinea
A. increased the standard of living for the majority of the indigenous population.
B. closed the mine that was not up to environmental standards.
C. denied that they have made any negative environmental impacts.
D. has caused flooding and pollution that has forced many indigenous families to move.
E. began a reforestation project.
Q:
Define the world-system perspective, and explain why it is important in anthropology.
Q:
Describe the capitalist world economy. Cite when it originated and list its features.
Q:
Explain the core, semiperiphery, and periphery in the world system perspective. Describe their relationship to world capitalism.
Q:
List how Marx and Weber's views on stratification differ.
Q:
Describe the difference between colonialism and imperialism. Examine the effects that colonialism and imperialism have had on cultural and ethnic diversity.
Q:
__________ is the dominant intervention philosophy today.
A. Neoclassicism
B. Neoimperialism
C. Neosocialism
D. Neocommunism
E. Neoliberalism
Q:
The spread mining in Papua New Guinea contributed to the destruction of
A. neighboring nation-states.
B. peasants who are of the same ethnicity as the ruling elite.
C. indigenous economies, ecologies, and populations.
D. the coral reefs.
E. None of the above is correct.
Q:
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat are
A. the product of gender differentiation in Europe's tribal past.
B. the owners of the means of production in core and periphery nations, respectively.
C. distinct and opposed classes in the capitalist economy.
D. exogamous social groups.
E. moiety groups that dominated Western capitalism.
Q:
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "Marx analyzed 19th-century industrial capitalism"
B. "Marx viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests"
C. "Marx called the owners of the means of production the bourgeoisie"
D. "Marx called the people who sold their labor the proletariat"
E. "Marx emphasized class consciousness"
Q:
According to Weber, the three dimensions of social stratification are
A. means of production, mode of production, measure of production.
B. status, exchange, religion.
C. gender, ethnicity, race.
D. wealth, power, prestige.
E. age, gender, ethnicity.
Q:
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "the world system is based on economies oriented toward world market for profit"
B. "the world system depends on each nation producing all that is needed by its own population"
C. "the world system was established primarily through European colonialism"
D. "the standard of living tends to be higher for populations living in core nations"
E. "nations may change their positions in the world system"
Q:
The Industrial Revolution began in
A. England.
B. China.
C. the United States.
D. Germany.
E. France.
Q:
20th-century industrialization did not
A. bring new industries and new jobs.
B. exert beneficial effects on the economies, ecologies, and populations of "developing" nations in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
C. lead to depletion of fossil fuels.
D. increase production spurred strategies to sell everything industry could churn out.
E. give rise to mass production gave rise to a culture of overconsumption.
Q:
Mass production gave rise to a culture of
A. competitiveness.
B. consumption.
C. creativity.
D. instant communication.
E. expansion.
Q:
__________ refers to a former colony with large numbers of European colonists and sparser native populations.
A. Settler country
B. Nonsettler country
C. Mixed country
D. Postimperial country
E. Emergent country
Q:
The former Soviet Union, as well as the socialist and previously socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, is sometimes referred to as
A. the Postcolonial World.
B. the Neocolonial World.
C. the First World.
D. the Second World.
E. the Third World.
Q:
Modern colonialism began
A. following World War II.
B. with the fall of Rome.
C. during the European "Age of Discovery."
D. because of the Bolshevik Revolution.
E. at the end of the Seven Years' War.
Q:
The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time is
A. neoliberalism.
B. an intervention philosophy.
C. a green revolution.
D. colonialism.
E. socialism.
Q:
Neoliberalism does not include
A. the view that government should not regulate private enterprise and market forces.
B. striving to cut government expenses.
C. the belief that property should be communally owned and that people should work for the common good.
D. maximization of profits through cost reduction.
E. tariff- and barrier-free international trade and investment.
Q:
Peripheral nations
A. export to the core but not the semiperiphery.
B. lack industrialization.
C. are isolated from the world economy.
D. have economies that are shaped to serve the interests of the core.
E. have little incentive to interact with nations of the core.
Q:
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "semiperiphery nations are industrialized"
B. "semiperiphery nations export industrial goods and commodities"
C. "semiperiphery nations lack the power and economic dominance of core nations"
D. "Brazil is an example of a semiperiphery nation"
E. "semiperiphery nations economic activities are less mechanized than those in the periphery"
Q:
According to Marx, classes are
A. desirable, because they perform tasks necessary to the survival of society.
B. part of the original, preindustrial social system of humans.
C. opposed to one another based on conflicting economic interests.
D. based more on notions of prestige and morality than on actual economic differences.
E. not important to an understanding of history.
Q:
According to Marx, class consciousness results from
A. the persistence of ethic identities after ethnic "markers" have more or less disappeared.
B. an elaboration of diverse religious beliefs in industrialized societies.
C. peoples' recognition of cognatic kin beyond the boundaries of biological relatedness.
D. peoples' identification with groups based on common economic interests.
E. the gradual elaboration of gender-based differences first established during the period of peasant subsistence farming.
Q:
There is considerable cross-cultural variation in the interpretation and treatment of illnesses.
Q:
Non-Western medicine does not maintain a sharp distinction between biological and psychological illnesses.
Q:
__________ fueled the European "Age of Discovery."
A. A desire to save the souls of local peoples
B. Pilgrims fleeing persecution in their European homelands
C. The feudal kingdoms of East Asia reaching out to establish trade links with Europe
D. A seven-year-long drought in Europe
E. European commercial interest in exotic raw materials
Q:
__________ resulted from the growing demand for sugar in Europe.
A. The independent indigenous nations of Mexico and South America, which grew sugarcane, became more powerful.
B. Sugar-producing nations moved from the periphery to the core of the world system.
C. Capitalism expanded to the rest of the world.
D. The transatlantic slave trade developed.
E. English peasants who grew sugarcane became members of the bourgeoisie.
Q:
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "British colonialism lacked an intervention philosophy"
B. "British colonialism consisted of two main phases"
C. "British colonialism was legitimized by the racist notion of the white man's burden'"
D. "British colonialism began to disintegrate following World War II"
E. "British colonialism was driven by economic interests"
Q:
__________ refers to the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.
A. Mission civilisatrice
B. Neoliberalism
C. Postcolonial
D. Postimperial
E. Posthegemonic
Q:
__________ refers to wealth or resources invested in business with the intent of producing a profit.
A. Stock
B. Proletariat
C. Caste
D. Bourgeoisie
E. Capital
Q:
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "Wallerstein wrote about the world system theory"
B. "world system theory stresses the existence of a global culture"
C. "world system theory claims that a set of economic and political interconnections has characterized much of the globe since the 16th century"
D. "world system theory focuses on links and power differentials between local peoples and international forces"
E. "world system theory deals exclusively with non-Western, horticultural societies"
Q:
The three positions that nations occupy in the world system are.
A. core, periphery, and semiperiphery
B. metropole, satellite, and semi satellite
C. state, nation-state, and nation
D. wealth, power, and prestige
E. bourgeoisie, middle class, and proletariat
Q:
Core nations generally do not
A. represent the dominant structural position in the world system.
B. consist of the strongest and most powerful states.
C. have advanced systems of production.
D. have complex economies.
E. have less control over world finance than do semiperiphery nations.
Q:
In his comparison of rural and urban communities, Redfield found that cultural innovations spread from urban areas to rural ones.
Q:
An illness is a scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.
Q:
Businesses are no longer interested in hiring applied anthropologists now that people buy and sell a majority of goods over the Internet.
Q:
Biomedicine, which aims to link illness to scientifically demonstrated agents that bear no personal malice toward their victims, is an example of a naturalistic medical system.
Q:
Health care systems refer to the nationalized health care services that only exist in core industrial nations.
Q:
Development anthropology refers to the branch of anthropology that uses data collected in local settings to formulate theories about the development of culture through time.
Q:
Development projects that use traditional social organizations and that respond to locally perceived needs are more likely to be successful.
Q:
The example of postcolonial development in Madagascar demonstrates that descent group organization can be a major obstacle to economic development.
Q:
During World War II, the U.S. government recruited anthropologists to study Japanese and German culture.
Q:
Academic and applied anthropology have a symbiotic relationship as theory aids practice and application fuels theory.