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Anthropology
Q:
Physical anthropologya. consists of primatology and linguistics.b. is the study of human antiquities.c. relies on the scientific method.d. all of the above.
Q:
An archaeological field school is announced in your anthropology course. The description says that you will be able to travel to Belize to learn about the lives of the ancient Mayans. What do you expect to learn during this field school?
a. the species of nonhuman primate that occupy this region
b. how current populations of immigrants have changed local dialects
c. how to excavate and study material culture
d. how to socially navigate life in a Central American setting
Q:
Archaeology is
a. the study of human evolution.
b. largely devoted to recovering artifacts and building museum collections.
c. the study of the behavior and material culture of past human societies.
d. the study of the evolution of language.
Q:
You and a friend are discussing declaring a major. While you have made your decision, your friend is still unable to decide. When you ask him what his interests are, he says that he does not really have any but is considering being an anthropologist because he heard they get to travel to exciting places. You agree but tell him that anthropology also includes studying which of the following?
a. the use and social context of language
b. the study of prehistoric reptiles
c. the impacts of climate change on water availability
d. all of the above
Q:
Anthropology includes the study of
a. the use and social context of language.
b. fossil humans and their closest relatives.
c. prehistoric societies and artifacts.
d. all of the above.
Q:
A recent news article reports on findings from a dig in Mesopotamia. The researchers report that skeletal populations indicate a decline in stature and likely overall health at this period in time. This reminds you of another study you have read about, the populations of St. Catherines Island. What could be the reasons for the changes in skeletons?a. Health and stature declined with a transition to hunting and gathering.b. Health and stature declined with the adoption of agriculture.c. Health and stature declined with the Industrial Revolution.d. Health and stature declined because of an outbreak of an avian virus.
Q:
Darwin observed that bipedalism frees the hand to hold objects. This led him to hypothesize that ________ was an important selective pressure on bipedalism.a. dental developmentb. skeletal structure of the handc. tool used. human vision
Q:
One of the ways scientists gain information about the human evolutionary past is througha. observations of living primates.b. observations of living birds.c. observations of living reptiles.d. observations of living plants.
Q:
In the scientific method, theories can be considereda. "hunches" or best guesses.b. untested ideas or explanations.c. observations.d. explanations grounded in evidence.
Q:
The term morphology refers toa. physical shape and appearance.b. differences between males and females.c. behavioral changes in animals.d. genetic traits.
Q:
The biocultural approach in anthropology is
a. a method utilized to study nonhuman primates.
b. the study of the relationship between human biology and culture.
c. the study of human genetics.
d. the study of human languages.
Q:
Physical anthropology includes
a. the study of linguistic variation as it relates to climate.
b. the study of fossilized birds.
c. the study of primates.
d. the study of human marriage patterns.
Q:
Current evidence indicates that the earliest hominids lived in Africa ________ .a. 1 to 3 million years ago.b. 60 to 65 million years ago.c. 10 to 15 million years ago.d. 5.2 to 5.8 million years ago.
Q:
Unlike other animals, human beings depend on ________ for survival.a. biologyb. culturec. adaptationd. group interaction
Q:
Recent studies in human origins have
a. supported Darwin's hypothesis that the earliest hominids originated in the woodlands.
b. supported Darwin's hypothesis that the earliest hominids originated in the desert.
c. refuted Darwin's hypothesis that the earliest hominids originated in the grasslands.
d. refuted Darwin's hypothesis that the earliest hominids originated in the trees.
Q:
Modern Wiccan beliefs are based upon the works of:
a. E. E. Evans-Pritchard
b. Margaret Murray and Gerald Gardner
c. Edward Tylor and James Frazer
d. Bronislaw Malinowski and Claude Lvi-Straus
Q:
An example of a neo-pagan religious system is:
a. Wicca
b. Santeria
c. John Frum Cult
d. Branch Davidians
Q:
Many revitalization movements developed within Christianity in the United States in the early nineteenth century. An example of such a movement which developed into a mainstream religion is the:
a. Methodist Church
b. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
c. Amish
d. Vodou
Q:
The Massacre at Wounded Knee was associated with the:
a. John Frum Cult
b. Vailala Madness
c. Ghost Dance
d. Santeria
Q:
The Ghost Dance of 1890:
a. was begun by a Paiute prophet Wovoka
b. promised the return of the ancestors and the disappearance of the dominant society
c. is an example of a nativistic movement
d. all of the above
Q:
John Frum is:
a. revered as a god in Vanuatu
b. the anthropologist who first studied the Trobriand Islanders
c. the founder of a high demand UFO religion
d. the leader of the tribal association in the Amazon
Q:
Peoples of New Guinea involved with cargo cults imitated the behavior of Europeans (such as writing on paper and sitting on chairs) because they:
a. felt these were the rituals which made cargo available to the Europeans
b. hoped to impress European officials and in turn receive more cargo
c. wanted to be good Christians
d. wanted to make proper use of their newly obtained wealth
Q:
An example of a nativistic movement is:
a. the Branch Davidians
b. Santeria
c. the Vailala Madness
d. Wicca
Q:
The Celtic revival in Ireland is an example of a:
a. revivalistic movement
b. millenarian movement
c. nativistic movement
d. messianic movement
Q:
Revitalization movements may be brought about by:
a. political and economic marginalization
b. malnutrition and high level of epidemic disease
c. perception that values of the community are being threatened
d. all of the above
Q:
Many religions similar to Vodou developed in the New World. In Cuba the deities are called orisha and are know by their Yoruba names. This religion is known as:
a. Wicca
b. Santeria
c. Huichol
d. Rastafarian
Q:
A deliberate attempt to bring about change in a culture characterizes:
a. rites of passage
b. revitalization movements
c. rites of intensification
d. Neo-Pagan movements
Q:
Which of the following is true about Vodou deities?
a. God is a remote creator deity who is no longer directly involved with the everyday lives of the people
b. Catholic Saints are seen as manifestations of Vodou deities
c. during rituals deities will possess worshippers
d. all of the above
Q:
Vodou resembles in many ways traditional West African religions in that Vodou is characterized by:
a. pantheon of intermediary deities
b. spirit possession
c. offerings placed on altars
d. all of the above
Q:
In Vodou, the term lwa refers to:
a. places of worship that are sacred to particular spirits
b. animals that are sacrifices to particular spirits
c. spirit beings
d. drums and musical idioms
Q:
Vodou in Haiti grew out of the:
a. the religions of West Africa
b. Catholicism
c. Freemasonry
d. all of the above
Q:
Haitians do not use the term Vodou. Instead they refer to their religion as:
a. "serving the spirits"
b. "Haitian Catholicism"
c. "nature worship"
d. "healing"
Q:
The survival of culture traits often occurs when they are fused together with new, introduced traits. Thus a contemporary Australian aborigine band will preserve their traditional songs and instruments by creating music that incorporates elements from the dominant culture, such as drums and guitars. This is an example of:
a. diffusion
b. assimilation
c. syncretism
d. revitalization
Q:
The term syncretism refers to:
a. the process whereby a culture accepts culture traits from a dominant culture
b. a condition whereby a dominated culture has changed so much because of outside influences that it ceases to have its own distinct identity
d. a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet, permitting the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form
c. what occurs when an idea moves from one culture to another and stimulates the invention of a new trait
Q:
An anthropologist visits a remote tribal community and finds that they are wearing tennis shoes and using canned goods even though much of their original way of life remains intact. We would say that this community has been:
a. acculturated
b. assimilated
c. enculturated
d. missionized
Q:
The movement of culture traits from one culture to another is termed:
a. acculturation
b. diffusion
c. assimilation
d. discovery
Q:
A solution to a particular problem that is found through the application of technology is a(n):
a. discovery
b. creation
c. invention
d. diffusion
Q:
A shaman finds a new kind of bush whose leaves, made into a tea, soothes a stomach ache. This is an example of:
a. diffusion
b. syncretism
c. a discovery
d. an invention
Q:
Fundamentalism is found in a number of different religions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.
Q:
Traditioning is the idea that Biblical texts are relevant to life today.
Q:
UFO religions, such as the Unification Church and the Branch Davidians, describe extraterrestrial beings in much the same way that supernatural beings are described in more traditional religions.
Q:
The Branch Davidians were more of a political than a religious group.
Q:
Wicca has been described as a polytheistic religion.
Q:
The Witchcraze was a Neo-Pagan movement in 19th century Europe that attempted to rehabilitate healers and midwives.
Q:
The origins of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was that of a revitalization movement.
Q:
The Massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 was an aftermath of the breakup of the Ghost Dance by the U.S. government.
Q:
Cargo Cults are high-demand forms of Christianity that developed in West Africa in the early twentieth century.
Q:
In Haitian Vodou, the identification of the Yoruba deity Legba as St. Peter is an example of syncretism.
Q:
The lwa of Vodou closely resemble the orisha of the Yoruba.
Q:
The movement of the technology of processing acorns among the tribes of California is a good example of syncretism.
Q:
A remote, isolated society that nevertheless uses manufactured clothing and canned goods received from the outside is said to be assimilated.
Q:
Traits that diffuse from one culture to another are usually altered to fit into the cultural system of the receiving culture.
Q:
An invention occurs where someone uses technology to bring about a deliberate change.
Q:
The practice of justifying beliefs and actions by reference to religious texts held to be inerrant is:
a. totalism
b. scripturalism
c. traditioning
d. agnosticism
Q:
Totalism, scripturalism, and traditioning are features of:
a. fundamentalism
b. high demand religious groups
c. agnosticism
d. revitalization movements
Q:
An example of a UFO religion is:
a. Heaven's Gate
b. Unification Church
c. Branch Davidians
d. Wicca
Q:
A new religious group that practices mass wedding ceremonies is the:
a. Branch Davidians
b. Unification Church
c. Vodou
d. Raelians
Q:
A high demand religion is characterized by:
a. strict control of outside information
b. communal living
c. members being given new names and identities
d. all of the above
Q:
Many religious groups develop by branching off of established mainstream religions. The groups that remain mainstream and differ the least from the origin religion are called:
a. cults
b. sects
c. denominations
d. movements
Q:
Wiccan beliefs include:
a. nature is a manifestation of deity
b. folk and ritual magic is used for good and never for evil
c. rituals associated with the goddess are performed at full moons
d. all of the above
Q:
Like Zande witches, Navaho witches are born with a physical substance within their bodies that are responsible for their witchcraft.
Q:
The Witchcraze is a Neo-Pagan religion found in Europe and the United States.
Q:
Euro-American witches in the 15th century obtained their evil power through contact with the Devil.
Q:
In many parts of Africa today, AIDS is being blamed on the activity of witchcraft.
Q:
Since the Navaho witch is a personification of evil, witchcraft serves to culturally define immoral and antisocial behavior.
Q:
A granary has collapsed seriously injuring a man who was working underneath it. An Azande would be most like to blame the injury upon sorcery.
Q:
Among the Azande, the diagnosis of an illness is confirmed by a medium through spirit possession.
Q:
Among the Azande, witchcraft accusations are most likely to occur between people with strong social ties.
Q:
The Azande confirm the identity of a witch through autopsy after the witch has died or through autopsy of a blood relative of the same sex.
Q:
An Azande is a witch because of the inheritance of mangu or witchcraft substance.
Q:
Among the Azande witchcraft is basically evil, but it is good when it is directed at enemies.
Q:
Witches in small-scale societies derived their power from the knowledge and use of spells.
Q:
Hedonism and the symbol of a goat's head within an inverted pentagram refer to:
a. Wicca
b. Asatru
c. Satanism
d. Druidism
Q:
Which of the following is true about the concept of the evil eye?
a. a person can cause misfortune by looking at a person
b. it is bad form to say something complementary about a child
c. spitting and particular hand gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye
d. all of the above
Q:
Arthur Miller's play The Crucible used the Salem trials as an allegory for:
a. illegal immigration
b. McCarthyism
c. the use of alcohol during Prohibition
d. the breakup for the traditional family
Q:
A series of witchcraft trials and executions took place in the late 17th century in the United States, in the town of:
a. Lancaster
b. Salem
c. Concord
d. Springfield
Q:
The book Malleus Maleficarum stated that witches:
a. could shift shapes, and fly through the air
b. were more likely to be women than men
c. must be arrested, convicted, and executed
d. all of the above
Q:
The book Malleus Maleficarum was:
a. written in the 15th century and set forth European witchcraft beliefs of the time
b. a 17th century description of witchcraft beliefs in northern Africa
c. a late 18th century anthropological study of European witchcraft
d. was written by Gerald Gardner and became the basis of much Neo-Pagan belief
Q:
The Witchcraze:
a. took place in Europe during the 15th through 17th centuries
b. refers to witchcraft activity in New England during the 16th and 17th centuries
c. is the term used by E. E. Evans-Pritchard to refer to certain witchcraft activities found in African tribal societies
d. refers to Neo-Pagan rituals in the 20th century
Q:
In contrast with tribal beliefs, Euro-American witchcraft beliefs are characterized by:
a. witches were usually female
b. the power of witches was derived from a pact with the Devil
c. witchcraft was a crime against God and witches could be publicly executed
d. all of the above