Q&A Hero

Q: The Jewish Yom Kippur and the Islamic Ramadan are both characterized by: a. fasting b. ingestion of wine c. spirit possession states d. meditation

Q: An altered state of consciousness can be brought about through: a. fasting b. meditation c. sleep deprivation d. all of the above

Q: The term synesthesia refers to: a. hypersuggestibility b. fear of losing self-control c. one form of sensory experience is translated into another d. distortion of time

Q: Characteristics of an altered state of consciousness include: a. attachment of new meaning to experiences b. perceptual distortions and hallucinations c. sudden and unexpected displays of emotional extremes d. all of the above

Q: Characteristics of an altered state of consciousness include: a. acceleration or slowing of time b. sudden and unexpected displays of intense emotion c. various parts of body may appear or feel shrunken, enlarged, distorted, heavy, or weightless d. all of the above

Q: Altered states of consciousness are experienced in the way in which the culture interprets it. For example, it might be interpreted as spirit possession.

Q: Marijuana is considered as a sacrament in the Native American Church.

Q: Pain, caused by placing skewers through the skin, characterizes the Cheyenne Sun Dance.

Q: The handling of poisonous snakes is a practice of the Native American Church.

Q: Many societies have prohibitions against eating particular foods. An example would be kashrut, the Jewish laws regarding what foods can and cannot be eaten and how they must be prepared.

Q: In many societies there are religious obligations that often take the form of ritual, such as saying grace before each meal.

Q: Alcohol is used by the Huichol to achieve an altered state of consciousness during their pilgrimage.

Q: The hajj is a pilgrimage that is a central part of the Islamic religion.

Q: Pharanoic circumcision is a type of genital alteration performed on females in many societies in North and East Africa.

Q: Distinctions of rank and care for personal appearance are two of many characteristics of liminality.

Q: In the Zulu male puberty ceremony the boy is taken to the river and bathed. His old cloths are destroyed and he puts on new clothes and is presented to the community. This phase of a rite of passage is known as separation.

Q: Bar mitzvahs and quinceaeras are examples of social rites of intensification.

Q: Revitalization rituals are the same thing as healing rituals.

Q: Sand paintings are an important element in Navaho therapy rituals.

Q: Exorcism is used primarily for the cure of witchcraft.

Q: The essential difference between a sacrifice and an offering is that a sacrifice is of a human and an offering is of an animal.

Q: Reciprocity between humans and gods is often part of the worldview that underlies sacrifices and offerings.

Q: Generally speaking protective rituals tend to be performed in situations that are dangerous and unpredictable.

Q: The first-fruit ceremonies of the Cahuilla of the California desert are an example of both a technological ritual and a hunting and gathering rite of intensification.

Q: Examples of ideological rituals include therapy and salvation rituals.

Q: The commandant to remember the Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments. Sabbath rituals are therefore prescribed rituals.

Q: Jewish food prohibitions are: a. based solely on health and nutrition concerns b. prescriptive and spelled out in the Torah c. concerned only with the prohibition on eating pork d. all of the above

Q: Mana can be thought of as: a. impersonal supernatural power b. food provide by the gods c. a technique for divination d. an hallucinogenic cactus

Q: The term tabu refers to: a. objects and persons that are sacred b. objects and persons who possess potentially dangerous supernatural power c. inappropriate modes of behavior d. all of the above

Q: The Huichol journey: a. reenacts the journey of the Ancient Ones b. involves each person assuming the identify of a god c. includes the eating of peyote which enables the Huichol to see what the gods see d. all of the above

Q: Among the Huichol the peyote cactus is thought to be the: a. bride of the devil b. sacrifice of the creator god c. footprint of the sacred deer d. food of the sun god

Q: Examples of pilgrimages includes the: a. Islamic hajj b. Catholic journey to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe c. Huichol journey to Wirikuta d. all of the above

Q: Examples of genital cutting performed on males include all of the following except: a. circumcision b. subincision c. infibulations d. none of the above; all are practiced on males

Q: Infibulation means: a. scarring b. piercing c. tattooing d. stretching

Q: Closely related to tattooing is scaring. Scarification is known as: a. corseting b. cicatrization c. infibulation d. nullification

Q: Types of modifications of the human body seen in human societies include: a. modifying the shape of the skull by wrapping the child's skull with cord b. piercing a part of the body, such as lips or earlobes, and stretching the separated part c. cutting the foot and bending the foot back and binding it to create a very small foot d. all of the above

Q: Physical alterations of the human body function to: a. separate humans from nonhuman animals b. identify particular affiliations with certain groups c. mark completion of some type of ritual, including initiation rituals d. all of the above

Q: An example of a secular (nonreligious) rite of passage would be a: a. graduation ceremony b. fraternity initiation c. presidential inauguration d. all of the above

Q: The rite of passage that revolves around the White Painted Woman is found among the: a. Yanomam b. Apache c. Gururumba d. Haida

Q: A characteristic of the state of liminality is: a. sexual continence b. sacredness c. absence of rank d. all of the above

Q: Liminality refers to a set of features that characterize a person in which phase of a rite of passage: a. transition b. separation c. peripheralization d. incorporation

Q: When a Yanomam girl begins to menstruate for the first time, she is isolated in a small room built alone one side of the house. During the time of isolation, she must speak in whispers, not scratch herself, and is taught who to behave as a mature woman. The phase of a rite of passage is known as: a. transition b. separation c. peripheralization d. incorporation

Q: A wedding is an example of a rite of passage. The celebration or party following the religious or secular wedding ceremony is an example of that phase of a rite of passage known as: a. transition b. separation c. peripheralization d. incorporation

Q: All of the following are phases of a rite of passage except: a. transition b. separation c. peripheralization d. incorporation

Q: Examples of rites of passage in American society would not include a: a. wedding ceremony b. funeral c. high school graduation d. Easter sunrise service

Q: Among the !Kung San of southern Africa the marriage ceremony involves the mock forcible carrying off of the bride from her parent's hut to a specially built marriage hut and the anointing of the bride with special oils and aromatic powders. This ritual can be classified as a: a. therapeutic ritual b. rite of intensification c. rite of passage d. technological ritual

Q: Rituals that mark an individual's changing statuses as he or she moves through life's various stages are called: a. rites of passage b. puberty rituals c. stage ceremonies d. change of life ceremonies

Q: A ritual that focuses on the religious experience of the individual, such as possession, is called a(n): a. salvation ritual b. ideological ritual c. therapy ritual d. revitalization ritual

Q: A ritual brings about illness, accident or death is called a(n): a. therapy ritual b. anti-therapy ritual c. antisocial ritual d. devitalization ritual

Q: Navaho healing rituals commonly include: a. creating a sand painting b. taking hallucinogenic drugs c. spirit possession d. sacrificing sheep

Q: The Navaho "Blessing Way" is performed, in part, to reestablish harmony with the universe so that an ill person might be cured of the illness. This is an example of a(n): a. technological ritual b. ideological ritual c. therapy ritual d. revitalization ritual

Q: The anthropological study of medicinal plants is part of: a. ethnobotany b. ethnomusicology c. anthrobotany d. arboretumology

Q: Religiously based causes of illness include: a. soul loss b. witchcraft c. spirit intrusion d. all of the above

Q: The purpose of Aztec human sacrifice was based on the worldview that: a. only human flesh could adequately feed the royal family b. to avoid the end of the life of the Sun, it had to fed blood c. sacrificed humans buried in the fields would ensure a good harvest d. all of the above

Q: An offering is: a. an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural b. the destruction of something of value c. the killing of an animal d. all of the above

Q: A regular Sunday morning Christian service would be classified primarily as a: a. rites of passage b. social rites of intensification c. revitalization rituals d. salvation rituals

Q: Rituals that reinforce community standards of behavior and community cohesiveness are: a. rites of passage b. social rites of intensification c. revitalization rituals d. salvation rituals

Q: Ideological rituals include: a. hunting & gathering rites of intensification b. therapy rituals c. social rites of intensification d. salvation rituals

Q: Yoruba taxi cab drivers will sacrifice an animal to the god Ogun. This is an example of a: a. hunting & gathering rite of intensification b. protective ritual c. therapeutic ritual d. rite of passage

Q: Protective rituals are often found in situations: a. involving soul loss b. that involve the quest for food c. that are dangerous and unpredictable d. that involve a person's change in status

Q: When an Inuit hunter kills a seal, fresh water is placed in the mouth of the seal. This is an example of a: a. hunting & gathering rite of intensification b. rite of passage c. therapeutic ritual d. revitalization ritual

Q: A technological ritual is one that is involved with: a. controlling an aspect of nature such as bringing rain b. moving people into new social categories or statuses c. curing illness and death d. causing the death of an individual

Q: A periodic ritual is one that is: a. performed because of the will or desire of a deity b. associated with critical events in the life of an individual c. celebrated on a ritual calendar d. involved with an altered state of consciousness

Q: Examples of prescribed, periodic rituals include all of the following except: a. Diwali b. Quinceaeras c. Passover d. Ramadan

Q: The Soyal Ceremony of the Hopi of Arizona begins on the winter solstice and marks the beginning of the Hopi ceremonial cycle. This ceremony is: a. prescriptive and periodic b. situational and occasional c. prescriptive and occasional d. occasional and periodic

Q: A prescriptive ritual that one that is: a. performed because of the will or desire of a deity b. associated with critical events in the life of an individual c. involved with an altered state of consciousness d. celebrated on a ritual calendar

Q: A patterned act that involves the manipulation of religious objects is termed a: a. spell b. ritual c. sacrifice d. prayer

Q: Types of music, such as religious music, evoke the same emotions in all societies.

Q: Among the Murngin of Australia, the ancestors and totemic spirits lived in a sacred water hole.

Q: Among the Australian Aborigines, increase rituals are rituals designed to increase one's personal wealth.

Q: A totem is symbol that is associated with a particular social group.

Q: The Islamic calendar is a solar calendar.

Q: Calendars are important in many religious for the scheduling of periodic rituals.

Q: The ancient Maya used several calendar cycles simultaneously. There were two main cycles, one of 365 days and one of 185 days.

Q: The unit of time we call a week is an arbitrary unit. The number of days that make up a week varies among the world's societies.

Q: Different Yoruba deities, or orisha, can be identified, in part, by the colors used in their representations.

Q: All languages have a similar set of basic color terms in terms of number and meaning.

Q: The psychoduct found in Lord Pakal's tomb connected the tomb to the temple on top of the pyramid.

Q: The image of Lord Pakel on the carving in Temple of the Inscriptions is evidence of contact by astronauts from other worlds.

Q: Lord Pakal died and was entombed in the Temple of the Inscriptions in Palenque on August 31, 1123 B.C.