Q&A Hero

Q: The cross was an early symbol of Christianity and appears in First Century Christian art.

Q: A symbol associated with the Church of Satan and Wicca is the pentagram.

Q: In a Buddhist temple the swastika stands for evil.

Q: Symbols are arbitrary, that is, new symbols can be created when necessary.

Q: The assignment of meaning to a symbol is always based upon what the symbol looks like or sounds like.

Q: A symbol can be a physical thing, a sound, or a dance step.

Q: Symbolic elements of dance include: a. movement b. costume c. paraphernalia d. all of the above

Q: An example of a membranophone is a: a. flute b. rattle c. drum d. violin

Q: A shell trumpet and a flute are examples of a(n): a. cordophone b. aerophone c. idiophone d. membranophone

Q: Music in religious ritual functions to: a. set a religious mood for the ritual b. symbolically represent knowledge from the religious texts c. facilitate the memorization and recitation of religious texts d. all of the above

Q: According to the Murngin of Australian, after death a person's spirit will: a. travel to the land of the dead across the sea b. return to the ancestral clan water hole c. remain for a time in the land of the living as a ghost d. disappear forever

Q: Totemic narratives among the Australian aborigines describe journeys taken by totemic creatures in the past. On these journeys the creatures: a. created by naming the plants and animals b. produced geological features including water holes c. through their behavior established customs that characterize contemporary Australian culture d. all of the above

Q: Aspects of Australian totemic beliefs include: a. a prohibition against eating one's totem b. a time called "The Dream Time" during which totemic creatures roamed the earth c. a kinship between people and their totem d. all of the above

Q: The calendar that is used for secular purposes in the industrial world today is the: a. Julian calendar b. Gregorian calendar c. Hebrew calendar d. Islamic calendar

Q: The Islamic calendar is: a. lunar b. solar c. seasonal d. a 260 day cycle

Q: Christian groups descended from the Millerism movement of the early Nineteenth Century believed that: a. life on earth was created by extraterrestrial aliens b. people die and are reborn in other people or animals c. after death people travel to a special place and become gods d. the world as we know it will come to an end at some date in the future

Q: Rituals that are performed according to a set temporal cycle are called: a. periodic rituals b. calendrical rituals c. time sensitive rituals d. annual rituals

Q: The Mayan calendar, which consists of a solar year of 365 days operating concurrently with a year of 260 days. When both calendars run, they return to the same combinations every ____ years, an important event in the Mayan calendar. a. 12 b. 26 c. 52 d. 72

Q: Units of time that are not based upon astronomical movements include the: a. week b. day c. year d. month

Q: Among the Yoruba, the orisha are distinguished by several symbols including color. The orisha are: a. a series of shrines b. military regiments representing certain villages c. spiritual beings d. the many Yoruba chiefs

Q: Differences in numbers of primary color terms in English and in Yoruba suggest that: a. color terminology is determined by culture b. the Yoruba language is more primitive than English c. the Yoruba have a high frequency of color blindness d. people in tropical areas see fewer colors

Q: While English users distinguish 11 primary colors, the number of color terms found in the Yoruba language is: a. 3 b. 7 c. 10 d. 14

Q: Which of the following statements is true? a. The symbolic nature of color is universal; white is worn by brides in all societies. b. All societies recognize the same basic color categories. c. Different colors are associated with different emotional states. d. All of the above statements are true.

Q: The background of the sarcophagus cover at Palenque depicts the: a. trials of the Otherworld b. Cosmic Tree c. founding of Palenque d. life of the king

Q: On the sarcophagus cover in which Lord Pakal was entombed we see the image of Lord Pakal: a. riding into battle on an elephant b. at the moment of death falling into the jaws of the Otherworld c. sitting upon his throne d. killing an enemy king in battle

Q: Lord Pakal, a Mayan ruler of Palenque, ruled in the: a. fifth century b. seventh century c. thirteenth century d. eighteenth century

Q: Lord Pakal ruled what is now called the site of Palenque. Palenque was built by the ancient: a. Egyptians b. Incas c. Mayas d. Aztecs

Q: An early Christian symbol that predates the cross is the: a. swastika b. pentagram c. fish d. triangle within a circle

Q: A five-pointed star is a symbol that is called a: a. pentacle b. pentaquile c. sauvastika d. acrostic

Q: The pentagram has been used to symbolize: a. the Church of Satan b. Wicca c. the witch's foot d. all of the above

Q: The swastika represents: a. Nazi Germany b. the Navaho whirling log c. the feet of Buddha d. all of the above

Q: The appearance of the swastika in a Navaho weaving tells us that: a. the swastika is a universal symbol found in all human societies b. early Germanic and Norse peoples settled the American Southwest in prehistoric times c. the swastika is a symbol that is found in many cultures and has many meanings d. the Navaho were engaged in trade with Germany prior to World War II

Q: An isolated, remote village in the highlands of New Guinea sees an airplane for the first time and creates a word to refer to it. This illustrates the fact that symbols, in this case the new word of an airplane, are: a. arbitrary b. open c. subjective d. creative

Q: The ability to create new symbols is termed: a. arbitrariness b. openness c. displacement d. none of the above

Q: Displacement is a characteristic of symbols. This term refers to the fact that a symbol: a. can be used to discuss things remote from the speaker in space and time b. does not have any direct relationship to the thing it symbolizes c. can be created at will d. none of the above

Q: An example of a symbol is: a. black as the color of mourning b. the swastika woven into Navaho rugs c. the American flag d. all of the above

Q: Objects and actions whose meanings are arbitrary and conventional are known as: a. values b. symbols c. constraints d. worldviews

Q: In the Haida story "The Raven Steals the Light," the Raven is an example of a trickster.

Q: The Christian New Testament contains an apocalyptic myth.

Q: In the Navaho Creation Story, the first humans were created by the two Holy People.

Q: In the Bunhongo Creation Story, Bumba vomits up the world. This is an example of the emergence myth.

Q: An example of an archetype is the hero.

Q: Proponents of the psychoanalytic approach to the analysis of myth see such stories as the Oedipus story as manifestations of the collective unconscious.

Q: mile Durkheim used a psychoanalytic approach to the analysis of myth and focused on the impact of myth on social structure.

Q: Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed the structure of myths and pointed out tat humans tend to categorize the world in terms of binary opposites.

Q: The Golden Bough is an example of an origin story.

Q: There are two creation stories in Genesis. In one man and woman are created together; in the other man was created first and woman was created later out of man's rib.

Q: In Islam, God spoke to Mohammad in Arabic, and Arabic is used in ritual today.

Q: Religious texts often change through time because they are often transmitted orally or subject to new translations.

Q: To say that something is a myth means that it is not true.

Q: The story of crocodiles living in the sewers of New York is an example of a myth.

Q: The story of Snow White is not a religious story because it does not involve the sacred supernatural and is not the basis of ritual.

Q: The Navaho phrase "to walk in beauty" refers to the accumulation of material goods.

Q: The Navaho worldview suggests an exploitation of natural resources by human society.

Q: The stories of Star Wars and Harry Potter most closely resemble: a. monomyths b. creation stories c. trickster stories d. apocalyptic stories

Q: The monomyth is a narrative involving: a. the creation b. an explanation of illness and death c. a culture hero d. none of the above

Q: The story "Raven Steals the Light" tells us about the origin of the: a. earth b. sun and moon c. people d. salmon

Q: The story "Raven Steals the Light" is an example of a: a. flood story b. hero story c. trickster story d. war story

Q: A god who gave humans important things by accident or through deception is known as a(n): a. trickster b. hero c. deceit god d. creator god

Q: The Book of Revelations in the New Testament is an example of a(n): a. trickster story b. hero myth c. apocalyptic myth d. origin story

Q: An apocalypse is: a. the catastrophic destruction of the world b. the origin of the world through birth c. a god who gave is known for trickery and deceit d. a type of hero myth

Q: In the Navaho Creation Story, life was given to the first humans by the: a. Wind b. Sun c. Mountains d. Animal People

Q: In the Navaho Creation Story, First Man and First Woman were created by the: a. Holy People b. Air-Spirit People c. People Who Live in Upright Houses d. sacred twins

Q: In the Navaho Creation Story, First Man and First Woman were created from: a. dust b. ears of corn c. insects d. nothingness

Q: In the Navaho Creation Story, the Holy People appeared and explained that they wanted to create people: a. with the power of insects b. with supernatural powers c. who were giants d. with hands and feet like the Holy People

Q: The Navaho Creation Story takes place: a. in a special garden similar to the Judeo-Christian Garden of Eden b. in the realm of the gods in the sky c. in a series of layers that exist underneath the present world d. in another reality

Q: The Navaho story Din Bahan is an example of a(n): a. origin story b. apocalyptic story c. trickster myth d. hero myth

Q: Archetypes are: a. myths about the end of the world b. myths about a journey to the underworld c. a main character of the collective unconscious d. a main character in a hero story

Q: Jung believed that humans share inborn elements of the unconscious that are manifested in myths. He called this the: a. collective unconscious b. innate symbolism c. unconscious unified d. symbolic ancestry

Q: A proposed relationship between early childhood experiences and adult projection systems like myths is characteristic of which analytic approach? a. functional analysis b. structural analysis c. psychoanalytic analysis d. evolutionary analysis

Q: Freud described myths as: a. neuroses b. shared dreams c. psychoanalysis d. psychological conflict

Q: The analysis of myth in terms of binary opposites is an example of: a. functional analysis b. structural analysis c. psychoanalytic analysis d. evolutionary analysis

Q: Franz Boas and Bronislaw Malinowski are representative of proponents of the: a. structural analysis of myth b. psychological analysis of myth c. functional analysis of myth d. evolutionary analysis of myth

Q: The evolutionary school in the nineteenth century associated myths with: a. the "primitive period" b. the transition to modern times c. full modernity d. the future

Q: Which of the following is true about the myth of Genesis? a. there are two separate versions of creation told b. the stories reflect a patriarchal worldview c. the text acts as a social charter d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is correct about oral texts? a. The recitation of oral texts is often a performance. b. The story may change with each telling. c. Different versions of the same story may exist in different places. d. all of the above

Q: Myths differ from folktales in that: a. myths are recounted in ritual and folktales are not b. myths reflect the worldview and folktales do not c. myths with the supernatural and folktales do not d. all of the above

Q: Myths: a. are regarded as fact by those who accept this on faith b. include a great many sacred, supernatural elements c. take place in the past d. all of the above

Q: Ritual texts: a. are social charters that sets forth the organization of human relationships b. explain the origins of humans and the world c. often contain multiple versions of the same story d. all of the above

Q: The story of crocodiles living in the sewers of New York City is an example of a: a. historical fact b. urban legend c. myth d. folktale