Anthropology

Q: What anthropologists involved with dispute management are trying to do is to help create a culture of negotiation in a world where adversarial, win-lose attitudes are out of step with the increasingly interdependent relations between people.

Q: Punitive justice has been extremely successful in changing criminal behavior in state societies.

Q: The Azande use a talking circle in order to detect who is accused of wrong-doing.

Q: Cultural control is control through external sanctions against individual misbehavior.

Q: Among the traditional Igbo of Midwestern Nigeria, women were not allowed positions in the administrative hierarchy.

Q: Religion is often intricately connected with politics.

Q: Since their appearance some 5,000 years ago, states have proven to be stable political systems.

Q: A nation is a centralized polity involving a large number of people spread over a geographically diverse landscape.

Q: A chief can expect his authority to remain unchallenged during his lifetime, unlike the tonowi, who is in constant danger of being thrown down from his pedestal.

Q: An example of tribal leadership is the concept of the "Big Man."

Q: Leadership in a tribe is formal.

Q: Relationships among members of a chiefdom are egalitarian.

Q: Bands have formal leadership, although it changes when necessary.

Q: "Political organization" refers to the way power has evolved, whether from war, political intrigue, or by ascription.

Q: All social relations involve power.

Q: Aung San Suu Kyi is a current coordinator of nonviolent resistance. All of the following statements about her are correct except: a. she was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize. b. she was trained at Oxford University in England. c. she founded the National League for Democracy and won a seat in Parliament to represent this Party. d. she was placed under house arrest in1990 and confined for 15 years. e. she is the leader of the opposition party in Thailand.

Q: Gandhi built a movement to fight colonial repression and injustice based on the concept of satyagraha. What did he mean by this term? a. Political junta to overthrow the government b. Economic movement based on creating an international embargo c. Religious movement of prayer and contemplation d. Movement of nonviolent resistance e. Movement of violent confrontation

Q: A contract or formal agreement between two or more independent groups that are self-governing is called a(n) a. treaty. b. pact. c. truce. d. settlement. e. agreement.

Q: In cases of warfare in regions deemed strategically important or rich in natural resources, what additional action is also most likely to occur today? a. Universal sanctions on economic incentives b. Political aggression from neighboring countries c. Economic monopolies on lucrative market products d. Rise of ethnic minorities e. Foreign military intervention

Q: In 1986, an Acholi named Alice Auma believed she was visited by a spirit she called Lakwena. This spirit messenger revealed to her that she should work to liberate her homeland and found a Christian theocracy. Today, this movement continues through the resistance of Joseph Kony. In which country did this occur? a. Congo b. Yugoslavia c. Uganda d. Paraguay e. Trinidad

Q: Justifications for war are embedded in a society's a. religious beliefs. b. class structure. c. worldview. d. political organization. e. perspective of sanctions.

Q: The most widely known act of genocide in recent history was the attempt of the Nazis during World War II to kill a. European Jews and Roma. b. European Jews and Israelites. c. Gypsies. d. Polish people. e. Jews and Gentiles.

Q: Darwin argued that the large physical size of males was a physical specialization to aid in competition between males for females. He called this theory a. sexual selection. b. natural selection. c. hybrid selection. d. reproductive selection. e. intra-species competitive selection.

Q: We have ample reason to suppose war has become a problem only in the past _____years, since the invention of food-production techniques and especially centralized states. a. 5,000 b. 50,000 c. 10,000 d. 100,000 e. 150

Q: Based on primatological studies, what does Richard Wrangham conclude about human violence and sexual selection? a. Males are better at diplomacy than females b. Sexual selection has no effect on biological differences c. There are no differences between males and females d. Females' evolutionary interests cannot be met without cooperation from males e. Females are far more aggressive than males

Q: Pirate gangs based out of Somalia are thought to be bankrolled and supplied with arms and supplies by a. stolen gold from Somalia. b. stolen gems from Africa. c. their families. d. Tanzanian arms dealers. e. Somali investors living overseas.

Q: A key point in William Ury's 2002 book, Must We Fight? was that, "Conflict is not going to end, but _____ can." a. starvation b. ethnic repression c. violence d. illiteracy e. rebellions

Q: Once two Inuit individuals are involved in a dispute and become peaceful by engaging in a singing contest, the affair is considered a. open to negotiation by both individual's families. b. open to negotiation by the individuals involved. c. closed and resolved. d. closed to legal repercussions. e. delayed until further notice.

Q: Wape villagers avoid quarreling with each other because a. they are afraid that a ghost will misdirect a bullet and kill a quarreling person during hunting. b. they believe that a hunter misses his prey only because of the intervention of ancestral ghosts who are angry with quarreling in the community. c. they know they will be put in jail by the New Guinea government. d. a hunter will refuse to loan his gun to a quarreling person. e. the ancestors will go away from their villages if they quarrel.

Q: Which of the following would invoke informal sanctions against an individual in a restaurant in the United States? a. Tearing up tables and chairs b. Fighting c. Threatening customers d. Stealing food e. Going barefoot

Q: _____ sanctions attempt to precisely and explicitly regulate people's behavior. They can be positive (such as military decorations) or negative (such as imprisonment). a. Hierarchical b. Egalitarian c. Casual d. Informal e. Formal

Q: Sanctions are a. internalized social controls. b. classified social controls. c. externalized social controls. d. external behavior. e. religious behavior.

Q: When the British imposed colonial rule on the Igbo of Nigeria, a. they put women in charge of all educational institutions. b. they introduced changes that sustained the equality of political power between the sexes. c. they introduced changes that made women more powerful than men. d. they did not recognize the political power of women, and introduced changes that resulted in women becoming subordinate to men. e. they introduced changes that caused men to change into women.

Q: Among the Igbo of Nigeria, a. men and women each had separate, autonomous spheres of political activity. b. women were bought and sold as slaves. c. women were imprisoned in their homes and allowed out only on marketing days. d. men and women lived in separate villages. e. men had no political role in the village, which was controlled and ruled by women.

Q: The use of wealth to support the tonowi's power, the belief in the divine right of kings to rule, and the choice of the oldest living male becoming the head of the Dahomey state of West Africa all have in common that they a. have to do with a system of centralized authority. b. represent what is considered to be the legitimate basis of political authority in that particular society. c. all have to do with the use of force as a legitimate basis of both current and future projected political leadership. d. all have to do with non-Western forms of political power. e. all are associated with food foraging.

Q: Playing a leading role in the development of the anthropology of law, _____has taken on specialists in the fields of law, children's issues, nuclear energy, and science, critically questioning the basic assumptions under which these experts operate. a. Ralph Nader b. Margaret Mead c. Martha Knack d. Laura Nader e. Ruth Benedict

Q: Laura Nader called upon her colleagues at Berkeley to a. protest wars within state societies. b. demonstrate for civil rights. c. develop new political theories for state societies. d. examine the politics of Native Americans. e. "study up" and do research on the world's power elite.

Q: How is a theocracy distinct from a democracy and an aristocracy? a. It is a state within a single ethnic group within the nation b. It is a state whose legitimacy is based on ancestry c. It is a state that claims legitimacy based on representation of its citizens d. It is a state headed by a single ruler e. It is a state whose legitimacy is proclaimed by sacred doctrine

Q: The imposition of obedience or submission by force or intimidation is called a. authority. b. power. c. coercion. d. legitimacy. e. violence.

Q: The most formal of political organizations and one of the hallmarks of civilization, this type of political organization has a centralized government that may legitimately use force to regulate the affairs of its citizens, as well as its relations with other similar political systems. It is called a a. state. b. band. c. chiefdom. d. tribe. e. nation.

Q: Regarding the Kpelle of West Africa, which of the following statements is incorrect? a. The Kpelle chief has uniformed messengers that deliver his communications b. The Kpelle chief has many wives, which indicates his comparative wealth c. Kpelle chiefs have served as salaried state officials in more recent history d. The Kpelle chief engages in manual labor daily in order to set an example for his people e. The Kpelle chief receives a commission from the government on how much taxes and laborers he provides

Q: Liberia is a pluralistic country with some 30 different ethnic groups. Which one is the largest? a. Tiriki b. Kapauku c. Kpelle d. Kayapo e. Ilongot

Q: A ranked society in which every member has a position in the hierarchy and an individual's status is determined by membership in a descent group is called a a. band. b. tribe. c. chiefdom. d. state. e. kindred.

Q: The source of the Kapauku tonowi's wealth is a. money. b. cows. c. pigs. d. land. e. shell necklace.

Q: The tonowi of the Kapauku of New Guinea acquires political power by all of the following except: a. being generous. b. being coercive. c. being a good talker. d. being wealthy. e. being a male.

Q: The primary means of exchange or distributing goods in a chiefdom is a. redistribution. b. negative reciprocity. c. generalized reciprocity. d. balanced reciprocity. e. tribute.

Q: Tribal societies use all of the following types of political integration mechanisms except: a. age sets. b. clans. c. common-interest associations. d. age grades. e. diverse ethnic groups.

Q: A horticultural or pastoral society is most likely to be politically organized as a a. state. b. chiefdom. c. band. d. tribe. e. commercial society.

Q: Bands and tribes are both a. centralized forms of leadership. b. associated with early industrialism. c. dependent on age groups for political organization d. uncentralized and egalitarian. e. hierarchical in social organization.

Q: All of the following are characteristics of a band society except: a. they have no need for formal conflict resolution. b. decisions are made through consensus. c. the head leader is in charge of disciplining members only during high levels of conflict. d. they have leaders, although the leaders have no formal authority. e. they periodically break into smaller units.

Q: An egalitarian, autonomous group composed of related people who occupy a single region is called a a. government. b. state. c. tribe. d. chiefdom. e. band.

Q: Which of the following is not a form of political organization? a. Band b. Tribe c. Chiefdom d. Group e. State

Q: Which term refers to the way power, or the ability to control others' behavior, is distributed or embedded in society? a. Social structure b. Political control c. Political organization d. Dictatorship e. Power relations

Q: Politics is best defined as a. the process of electing officials and making decisions. b. the process determining who gets what, when, and how. c. the structure that determines the authority for any society. d. how a society determines centralized leadership and control. e. how decisions are made in every centralized type of social organization.

Q: The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own will is called a. power. b. force. c. coercion. d. legitimacy. e. authority.

Q: How does the life stage of old age differ between a society of oral traditions and our own society?

Q: Describe grouping by age.

Q: Name four variables by which societies form social groups.

Q: The Gulabi Gang, dressed in pick saris, is primarily made up of Dalits who are fighting for civil rights in India.

Q: Today, some 30% of the American population is classified as living in poverty.

Q: Societies that promote a great deal of upward and downward mobility are called open class societies.

Q: Recently, Drogba began to use his status as a top soccer player from Cote d"Ivoire to promote peace.

Q: All societies offer the chance of social mobility.

Q: The African Burial Project sadly confirmed what we already knew about slavery and brought forth very little new information.

Q: Differences in life chances may also signal differences in class standing.

Q: South Africa during apartheid years was a pluralistic country with social stratification.

Q: The Dalits are also known as the Sudras in the caste system.

Q: Social impact assessments are required of any projects that use bank loans or any type of borrowed monies.

Q: The caste system remains deeply entrenched in Hindu culture and is still widespread throughout southern Asia, especially in rural India.

Q: Recently, in North America, there has been a dramatic increase in common-interest associations.

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