Q&A Hero

Q: Because they are usually in more sociable positions, women tend to have more common-interest associations than men.

Q: The eruv is a Jewish communal space.

Q: The American Anthropological Association is considered a common-interest association.

Q: The Tiriki have a eunoto ceremony in which young girls are initiated into womanhood.

Q: In American society, age does not play a role in social organization.

Q: Age sets are distinct from simple age grades.

Q: From the age of nine, Mundurucu males live with adult men in the men's house.

Q: All human societies have some division of labor along gender lines.

Q: Dider Drogba hopes to bring positive change and reconciliation through a. organized union strikes. b. being ambassador to South Africa. c. paid incentives. d. football diplomacy. e. governmental level peace talks.

Q: The Dalits women's movements in India illustrates that even long-established practices can be a. challenged. b. practical. c. legal. d. ethical. e. essential.

Q: What is the primary significance of the African Burial Project? a. It has provided information on the physical brutality of slavery and the attempt of various Africans to retain their cultures even through burial rituals b. It has provided a full understanding of the economic commerce and trade networks of slavery in New York c. It has uncovered the importance of burial rituals for individuals living during this historical period d. It has provided information on the Underground Railroad that operated throughout the eastern half of the United States e. It has provided an area where future forensic anthropologists can be trained

Q: Most African slaves found in the burial ground in New York died early. Few lived past the age of a. 15. b. 25. c. 40. d. 50. e. 65.

Q: Which family structure provides an easier chance for social mobility? a. Extended family b. Blended family c. Nuclear family d. Single-parent household e. Class stratification

Q: The ability to change one's class position is called a. open class. b. egalitarianism. c. social mobility. d. common-interest societies. e. caste avoidance.

Q: Activities and possessions that are indicative of class are called a. class indications. b. symbolic indicators. c. symbolic classes. d. class markers. e. strata.

Q: The word apartheid, the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa, means _____ in Afrikaans/Dutch. a. superior b. color c. separation d. ranking e. better

Q: All of the following are true of Indian harijan except: a. they endure discrimination based on their birth status. b. they make up about 15% of the Indian population. c. even their shadows are considered polluting. d. they are currently involved in a civil rights movement in India. e. they are quickly disappearing.

Q: Which of the following is not a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the Indian caste system? a. Occupation b. Food habits c. Wealth d. Dress e. Ideas of purity and pollution

Q: The artists and laborers are members of which caste in India? a. Sudras b. Harijan c. Vaisyas d. Brahmans e. Kshatriyas

Q: Social classes are closed in _____, where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as castes is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates. a. China b. India c. Vietnam d. Thailand e. Bolivia

Q: Which of the following is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life? a. Clan b. Phratry c. Caste d. Class e. Kindred

Q: Anthropologist Sue Ellen Jacobs did a social impact assessment regarding a water diversion project in New Mexico and indicated all of the following problems and risks except: a. loss of fishing and other water resources. b. problems associated with relocation. c. increased threat of drowning. d. increased insect breeding. e. decreased government land control.

Q: All of the following are associated with social impact assessments in the U.S. except: a. the purpose of the assessment is to determine whether the project will have a positive or negative impact on the immediate community. b. the social impact assessment is required in the U.S. for any projects using federal funds. c. the assessment is considered part of the environmental review process. d. anthropologists do not frequently participate in social impact assessments. e. the assessment should address how the impact will occur on the community.

Q: In the U.S., any project requiring a federal permit or license, or using federal funds, by law must be preceded by a(n) a. needs assessment. b. archaeological assessment. c. cultural assessment. d. assessment of feasibility. e. social impact statement.

Q: A set of families that enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to a system of evaluation is called a(n) a. caste. b. class. c. age grade. d. age set. e. kindred.

Q: What is the world's longest surviving social hierarchy that encompasses a complex ranking of social groups on the basis of ritual purity? a. American social system b. Japanese caste system c. English system of royalty d. Hindu caste system e. Buddhist caste system

Q: You are a member of a Ju/"hoansi hunter-gatherer band. Which of the following statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a stratified society? a. Your father is a poor hunter, and your family is not allowed to make political decisions for the group. b. You are a poor hunter so you must supplement your income by working as a day laborer in nearby cities. c. Even though you are a poor hunter, you have as much right to receive food from your fellow band members as a good hunter does. d. Because your father is a poor hunter, your hunting ability is not allowed to develop; you are not given access to the knowledge and training required to develop this ability. e. You are rewarded lavishly for being the best hunter in the group.

Q: A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be a. stratified. b. unstratified. c. egalitarian. d. open. e. accessible.

Q: In the current digital age, there are common associations based on virtual communities, including Facebook, which has approximately how many subscribers worldwide? a. 3 billion b. 1 billion c. 750 million d. 500 million e. 50 million

Q: All of the following are common reasons why women have traditionally been less involved in common-interest association than men except: a. domestic duties. b. restrictions by male-dominated culture. c. childrearing responsibilities. d. few choices of established associations. e. low level of interest in social activities.

Q: What U.S. organization exists so that Ghanaians can maintain their cultural identification with their local chiefs in Africa? a. Ghanaian Cultural Association b. Ghanaian Dance and Ritual Association c. African Burial Project d. Asanteman Association of the USA e. Ibo Cultural Group of the USA

Q: Why did Jews establish eruvin more than 2,000 years ago? a. To form a their own governmental unit b. To form a common-interest association based on bureaucracy c. To allow them to adhere to their religious laws d. To allow them to live separated from the entrance of any outsiders e. To form a communal identity that had no involvement with the surrounding society

Q: What is the purpose of the eruv? a. It marks a spatial domain as private and enclosed b. It marks a spatial domain as public and open access c. It is a temple where Jews can worship d. It is a marketplace where only kosher products are sold e. None of these

Q: Which cultural group recognizes the eruv as a religious living space? a. Fundamentalist Muslims b. Orthodox Jews c. Evangelical Baptists d. Reformed Jews e. Calvinists

Q: What is an eruv? a. A Tiriki age grade of warriors b. A Turkish volunteer organization c. A Jewish communal space d. A Canadian political organization e. Part of the African Burial Project

Q: The gangs known as "Bloods" and "Crips" are examples of which of the following? a. Judicial associations b. Gendered associations c. Common-interest associations d. Age grades e. Age sets

Q: Associations resulting from an act of joining because of similar activities and interests are called a. common-hobby association. b. common-interest association. c. age-grade association. d. voluntary regional association. e. voluntary activity association.

Q: Which cultural group has an age grade that has the eunoto ceremony to mark the passage from Warrior age grade to that of Junior adults, able to marry and start families? a. Tiriki b. Maasai c. Yakuza d. Zuni e. Ju/"hoansi

Q: Among the Tiriki of East Africa, each of the age grades last approximately how many years? a. 15 b. 7 c. 23 d. 12 e. 30

Q: All of the following are recognized age grades among the Tiriki of East Africa except: a. Ritual Elders. b. Wise Elders. c. Elder Warriors. d. Judicial Elders. e. Warriors.

Q: Experts predict that in the U.S., the population reaching elder status (senior citizens of 65 years and older) will grow to about _____ million by 2030. a. 120 b. 100 c. 90 d. 70 e. 40

Q: A formally established group of people born during a certain time span who move together through various life stages is called a(n) a. age set. b. age grade. c. age group. d. age status. e. age stage.

Q: A society in which older people are treated with high levels of respect as repositories of great cultural wisdom and teachings is most likely to be associated with which of the following? a. A market economy b. Industrial production c. Oral tradition d. Advanced education e. Literacy

Q: The North American life stages of toddlerhood, teenager, adult, and senior citizen are also known as a. open classes. b. class strata. c. age grades. d. social classes. e. common-interest groupings.

Q: The designation of various life stages for an individual is the basis for a. formation of social groups. b. instruction of life skills. c. economic assistance. d. challenging religious ideology. e. creation of social identity.

Q: In many cultures, the social position of an individual in a specific life stage is commonly marked by each of the following except: a. hairstyle. b. body paint. c. tattoos. d. insignia. e. weight.

Q: Mundurucu see the relations between the sexes as one of opposition and challenge. This is based on a. the high cost of bridewealth. b. the power and dominance women hold in the political sphere. c. their practice of polyandry. d. their religious belief system. e. their subsistence system.

Q: Among the _____ of the Amazon, men not only work apart from women, but eat and sleep separately as well. a. Mundurucu b. Kapauku c. Ju/"hoansi d. Iroquois e. Ibo

Q: What challenges do political and economic changes bring to social groupings? Choose two examples and discuss.

Q: How can grassroots organizations challenge social hierarchy?

Q: How can sports figures like Drogba challenge class stratification issues in our societies today? Do you believe this is a role in which sports stars should engage? Why or why not?

Q: Discuss the findings of the African Burial Project. Why is research such as this important in our society today?

Q: Is some form of social inequality inevitable? Why? Explain.

Q: The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s and 1970s brought about social changes in the United States. How can the system that existed prior to those changes be thought of as caste-like?

Q: How is a stratified society different from an egalitarian society? Consider social, economic, and political differences that you might expect to accompany these different groupings.

Q: Distinguish between caste and class type systems of stratification, using India and the U.S. as examples. In what ways does the social structure of the U.S. also resemble a caste system?

Q: Technology has played a major role in the development of new common-interest associations. How are these similar to and also different from those in the "pre-digital" world?

Q: In spite of the recent diversity and vitality of common-interest associations, some have noted a recent decline in participation in all types of these groups, at least in North America. How can this decline in participation be explained?

Q: The Jewish eruv is an example of how cultural groups maintain adherence to their separate cultural identities even within wider public spaces. Describe this phenomenon, and give an example of this in your own community. What similarities do we find with the eruv for groups such as the local government, etc.?

Q: Women's common-interest groups have historically been less common than men's common-interest groups. Discuss the various reasons for this. What examples of gendered common-interest associations have you experienced in your own life?

Q: Old age is a significant life stage in most societies. Discuss what this means in our own society and why.

Q: Compare age grade and age sets, using the American college class system and Tiriki age organization as examples.

Q: Describe the use of sex as a principle of social organization, using the Mundurucu and typical U.S. society as examples.

Q: How are the Dalits challenging the Indian caste structure today?

Q: Compare and contrast open and closed class societies.

Q: What is social mobility, and what types of situations of it are most likely?

Q: In what ways does India's caste system resemble the South African system of apartheid?

Q: Define symbolic indicators, and give an example.

Q: Who are the Dalits, and what is their current status in India?

Q: What were the findings of the social impact assessment of the water diversion project in New Mexico, and why are their findings important?

Q: Contrast the concepts of class and caste.

Q: Describe the Indian caste system.

Q: What is social impact assessment? Give an example.

Q: How has digital technology changed common-interest associations?

Q: In general, why do women usually have less involvement in common-interest associations than men?

Q: How do Ashanti migrants in New York City maintain a sense of cultural identity?

Q: Explain the purpose of the Jewish eruv.

Q: Discuss the differences between age grade and age set.

Q: What are the social contexts in which common-interest organizations are found?

Q: Compare the role of kinship across foraging, horticultural, agricultural, and industrial societies.