Q&A Hero

Q: All of the following statements about Han genealogy are correct except: a. the tsu is a corporate kin group that traces its ancestry back about five generations through the female line. b. the tsu functions as an economic and political unit that manages its own members. c. Han women have absolutely no claims on their fathers' heritable property. d. because of the genealogical depth of the tsu, individuals who have the same surname should not marry each other. e. although a woman belongs to her father's tsu, she is practically absorbed by her husband's.

Q: Among the Han, brothers and their sons were part of the same household and paternal uncles were like second fathers. What type of descent is this? a. Neolocal b. Kindred c. Patrilineal d. Matrilineal e. Bilateral

Q: An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called a(n) a. family. b. totem. c. lineage. d. kindred. e. clan.

Q: You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong(s) to the same group? a. Your mother b. Your father's sister c. Your mother's sister d. Your mother's father e. Your father's sister's children

Q: All of the following statements regarding a lineage are correct except: a. it always involves a totem. b. it is part of unilineal descent. c. it is kinship that can be traced directly to an ancestor. d. it has a genealogical depth of 4-6 generations. e. it is found in both matrilineal and patrilineal groups.

Q: If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group, a. descent is traced exclusively through females. b. your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do. c. your mother's brothers are members of your descent group. d. your brothers belong to the same descent group but your sisters do not. e. you do not publicly recognize your mother.

Q: When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both, it is called a. bilateral. b. unilineal. c. patrilineal. d. ambilineal. e. matrilineal.

Q: Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome studies of the Maori indicate that their creation myth telling of their origins from the ancient place of Hawaiki is consistent with an origin in a. India and Central Asia. b. Morocco and northern Africa. c. Polynesia and Southeast Asia region. d. Australia. e. North America.

Q: In the Biocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on the Maori people? a. Studying migration patterns of the first peoples to inhabit North America b. Creating lineage divisions based on DNA samples c. Connecting mitochondrial DNA with the Australian aborigines d. Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths e. Sequencing DNA in order to type for potential diseases in this ethnic group

Q: In what country do we find aboriginal Maori people? a. Argentina b. Canada c. Australia d. Tasmania e. New Zealand

Q: Which of the following is not a Maori cultural concept? a. waka b. iwi c. mauri d. namus e. tapu

Q: All of the following are types of descent except: a. moiety. b. phratry. c. lineage. d. clan. e. institution.

Q: Descent groups are associated with all of the following except: a. they provide social security for the elderly members. b. they promote harmony through worship of ancestors. c. they play a role in arranging marriages for members. d. they make all laws for the state. e. they are economic units providing aid.

Q: A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is called a. kinship. b. descent. c. relative network. d. social network. e. affinal relationships.

Q: How do different cultures permit or restrict sexual relations?

Q: How do globalization and technology impact marriage and the family?

Q: How is child adoption a social, political, and economic concern?

Q: How does the constitution of family vary cross-culturally? What are the adaptive advantages of each type?

Q: How do new reproductive technologies challenge our understandings of family?

Q: Explain the relationship between marriage and the economic exchange that may accompany marriage in some cultures. How do these arrangements affect the marriage itself?

Q: Discuss the reasons and frequency of divorce from society to society. Would you characterize the reasons as "essentially similar" or "highly distinct"?

Q: Why is divorce a serious matter in most societies?

Q: Why is marriage a central concern of society?

Q: How are cousins viewed as marriage partners cross-culturally?

Q: What are the different forms of marriage, and how are they culturally adaptive?

Q: What are the benefits and challenges of an arranged marriage? Using India as an example, discuss how the marriage relationship might be altered in having an arranged marriage rather than a marriage of individual choice. Consider the role of the families as well as the couple.

Q: Compare and contrast the various explanations of the incest taboo. Why is the incest taboo of central importance for anthropology?

Q: Define marriage and then discuss how different cultural groups interpret this definition.

Q: Discuss how various societies have sought to regulate sexual relations. What is the impact of a globalized media on these arrangements today?

Q: What is a blended family?

Q: How has adoption changed in the U.S. over the past 25 years?

Q: How is the extended family different from the nuclear family?

Q: What are the four primary residence patterns?

Q: Compare and contrast family and household. Give examples.

Q: What is the function of traditional woman/woman marriage in sub-Saharan Africa?

Q: Distinguish among bride price, dowry, and bride service.

Q: Explain the difference between patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage and matrilineal cross-cousin marriage.

Q: How does Levi-Strauss explain exogamy?

Q: Are arranged marriages generally more or less stable than those in which partners freely choose each other? Use India as an example.

Q: List and describe four different forms of marriage.

Q: Distinguish between a consanguineal and affinal kinship.

Q: How common is first-cousin marriage in the U.S., and what are the genetic implications of this form of marriage?

Q: What is polyandry? How does it fit into other aspects of social structure and adaptation to environment?

Q: Contrast endogamy and exogamy; give examples of each.

Q: Describe the marriage system of the Nayar.

Q: Explain why the cultural definition of marriage refers to "persons" rather than "a man and a woman."

Q: What is the positive outcome of having strict religious rules that regulate sexual relations?

Q: How do young people choose marriage partners among the Trobrianders?

Q: What is the difference between marriage and mating?

Q: Child exchange is quite common in many cultures.

Q: Matrilocal residence is when the couple lives with the husband's mother.

Q: Single-parent households make up about 10% of the households in the U.S.

Q: Same-sex couples are also considered to be a nuclear family.

Q: One of the functions of dowry is to ensure a woman's support in widowhood.

Q: In most societies, divorce is quite simple.

Q: A marriage of a woman to a woman in sub-Saharan Africa is a ceremony that legitimizes a homosexual relationship.

Q: Your mother's sister's child is your parallel cousin.

Q: The Western ideal that an individual should be free to marry whomever he or she chooses is not universally embraced.

Q: In India, it is understood that matches (marriages) would be arranged only within the same caste and general social class.

Q: Polygyny is legal in only two states in the U.S.

Q: It is estimated that in the U.S. today that some 100,000 people live in polygynous households.

Q: The most prevalent form of marriage worldwide is polygamy.

Q: The Nayar family consists only of affinal relatives.

Q: Instinctive repulsion does not explain institutionalized incest.

Q: First-cousin marriage is prohibited in 40 states in the United States.

Q: The social rules and cultural meanings of all sexual behavior are subject to great variability from one society to another.

Q: There are no cultures that prescribe male-to-male sexual acts, for any reason.

Q: The Trobrianders have a rigidly controlled sex life and puritan attitudes toward sexuality.

Q: All societies have cultural rules to regulate sexual relations.

Q: Since the early 1970s, about how many foreign children have been adopted into U.S. families? a. 2 million b. 750,000 c. 500,000 d. 140,000 e. 23,000

Q: One area that is most changing the composition of families today is that of a. increasing acceptance of polygynous unions. b. development of new reproductive technologies. c. increasing numbers of same-sex marriages. d. decreasing divorce rates. e. increasing numbers of patrilateral marriages.

Q: In industrial and postindustrial societies, such as the United States, the most common form of residence after marriage is a. ambilocal. b. matrilocal. c. patrilocal. d. neolocal. e. avunculocal.

Q: A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called a. avunculocal. b. neolocal. c. ambilocal. d. patrilocal. e. matrilocal.

Q: What type of family is typically found among traditional horticultural, agricultural, and pastoral societies around the world? a. Nuclear b. Extended c. Matrilineal d. Neolocal e. Tributary

Q: Families can be consanguine or conjugal. The conjugal family has many forms. One type of conjugal family is the _____, consisting of the husband, wife, and dependent children. a. polygynous family b. polygamous family c. polyandrous family d. nuclear family e. extended family

Q: A family established through marriage is called what type of family? a. Unilocal b. Consanguineal c. Nuclear d. Conjugal e. Extended

Q: In the U.S., approximately what percentage of marriages ends in divorce? a. 80 b. 65 c. 40 d. 30 e. 15

Q: Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption are called a(n) a. family. b. conjugal bond. c. endogamous group. d. nuclear family. e. serial marriage.

Q: In Western societies between A.D. 1000 and 1800, divorce was next to impossible, but few marriages lasted more than about 10 or 20 years, owing to a. irreconcilable differences. b. high death rates. c. patrilineal societies. d. matrilineal societies. e. high economic cost of marriage.

Q: When the economy is based on _____ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion. Dowry is also a statement of her economic status. a. food foraging b. pastoralism c. agriculture d. horticulture e. industrialism