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Q:
In general, the U.S. war on drugs can be characterized as working and effective.
Q:
Swedish naturalist Carolus Linneaus worked with garden peas to determine the principles of heredity.
Q:
The Judeo-Christian religious tradition of the United States __________.
A) is tolerant and welcoming of many different expressions of sexuality
B) has resulted in the moral condemnation of homosexuals by religious fundamentalists and others
C) uniformly lines up against homosexuality
D) has very little influence
Q:
The fundamental elements of culture came into existence around 4.4 million years ago.
Q:
The U.S. Census data show that approximately __________ people work full time and yet still find themselves below the poverty line.
A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1.5 million
D) 2.5 million
Q:
The cornerstone of natural selection is adaptation.
Q:
The countries of the world are relatively equal in terms of levels of material conditions.
Q:
Natural selection is a series of beneficial adjustments of organisms to their environment.
Q:
The poor are __________ the affluent to suffer from lung cancer, cervical cancer, and esophageal cancer.
A) more likely than
B) slightly less likely than
C) significantly less likely than
D) just as likely as
Q:
Prohibition in the United States successfully demonstrated that official public policy can reduce demand for drugs.
Q:
Melanin
a. makes the skin softer and more pliable for physical activity.
b. protects the skin against ultraviolet solar radiation.
c. is not found in Caucasian populations.
d. is produced through exposure to the sun.
e. is necessary to produce Vitamin D.
Q:
__________ has a long tradition in Western society, largely because of the Judeo-Christian treatment of homosexuality as a heinous sin.
A) Heterophobia
B) Homophobia
C) Homophilia
D) Heterophilia
Q:
Why is human race not a valid concept? All of the following are reasons why race as a biological construct does not translate to humans except:
a. it is an arbitrary category.
b. the differences between individuals are greater than the sum of differences between groups.
c. no one race has exclusive possession of any particular genes.
d. actual human variation does not exist.
e. there are no fixed racial groups in our species.
Q:
The new poor __________.
A) have it easier than the old poor
B) have it harder than the old poor
C) have the same chance as the old poor of breaking out of poverty
D) have a greater likelihood of breaking out of poverty
Q:
Population growth momentum since the world reached 7 billion is slowing.
Q:
Ota Benga was exhibited in the Bronx Zoo in 1906. Who was Ota Benga?
a. A chimpanzee
b. A Malayan
c. A Mbuti pygmy
d. An Ilongot headhunter
e. A Yanomamo
Q:
Males are more likely than females to __________.
A) receive poor healthcare
B) use prescription drugs
C) take risky jobs
D) be abused
Q:
Johan Blumenbach developed a human racial scheme in the late 1700s based the comparison of human skulls. Which of the following is not one of his "categories of human"?
a. Mongolian
b. Caucasian
c. African
d. Malay
e. Ethiopian
Q:
Alcohol is only a dangerous drug for those in the upper and middle classes.
Q:
Cave art from the Upper Paleolithic suggests that
a. the flora and fauna of the time period were the same we see today.
b. there was a rich tradition of using altered states of consciousness.
c. people lived longer and happier lives before the advent of civilization.
d. art-making practices were less evolved and sophisticated than they are today.
e. people made and used fire as an alternative source of lighting.
Q:
Which theory of modern human origins relies mostly on the interpretation of genetic evidence, fossils, and cultural remains?
a. Recent African origins hypothesis
b. Multiregional hypothesis
c. Diffusion theory
d. African early migrations hypothesis
e. Circumscription theory
Q:
All of the following are specific examples of Mousterian tools except:
a. atlatl.
b. burin.
c. Solutrean biface.
d. blade tools.
e. scrapers.
Q:
Public opinion __________ homosexuality and homosexual behavior.
A) is split about
B) is uniformly accepting of
C) condemns
D) is impossible to measure about
Q:
What is the burin?
a. It is a stone tool with chisel-like edges
b. It is a crest on the skulls of Neanderthals who had large, robust jaws
c. It is a type of cave dwelling found in Europe
d. It is a type of primate found only on Madagascar
e. It is a type of burial in which the body is laid out prone
Q:
The poor who are displaced by new technologies or whose jobs have moved away to the suburbs, other regions, or out of the country, are classified as the __________
A) working poor
B) old poor
C) new poor
D) severely poor
Q:
Which period was marked with tool industries including long slim blades and an explosion of creative symbolic forms?
a. Lower Archaic
b. Contemporary Modern
c. Lower Paleolithic
d. Middle Paleolithic
e. Upper Paleolithic
Q:
Although microcredit programs have helped many poor families, __________.
A) they do not help the societal poverty rate
B) rural farmers are excluded from loan program
C) city dwellers are excluded from the loan program
D) individuals are excluded from the benefits
Q:
During what period did anatomically modern humans begin appearing in Africa and Southwest Asia?
a. Middle Archaic
b. Early Paleolithic
c. Lower Paleolithic
d. Middle Paleolithic
e. Upper Paleolithic
Q:
That __________ is one of the negative consequences of racial minorities relying on emergency room and hospital outpatient departments for their healthcare.
A) they do not meet regularly with a familiar doctor who monitors their health
B) the number of hospitals near where poor and minorities are more likely to live is increasing
C) federal guidelines require that primary care physicians to be assigned based on a first-come, first-serve basis
D) minorities are often discriminated against in obtaining healthcare except when such care is available
Q:
What is the "Neanderthal controversy"?
a. An argument about whether the Neanderthal are related more to Homo erectus or Homo habilis
b. An argument about the genetic relationship between Neanderthal and anatomically modern humans
c. A misunderstanding between a European perspective of evolution and that of African scholars
d. A disagreement among scholars about which species developed first
e. The inability to understand the genetic and molecular evidence that makes up Neanderthals
Q:
There is a great deal of pressure on people everywhere in American society to avoid the use of drugs.
Q:
Which of the following treatments has been utilized by psychiatry as a cure for homosexuality?
A) Social change
B) Behavioral conditioning
C) Pet therapy
D) Solitary confinement
Q:
In 2010, one out of every __________ children under age 6 was poor.
A) four
B) ten
C) twenty
D) twenty-five
Q:
Which of the following is not a cultural characteristic associated with Neanderthal?
a. Deliberate burial of the dead
b. Ability to make and control fire
c. Care for the elderly and disabled
d. Living sites in caves
e. Use of Mousterian tools
Q:
In which paleoanthropological site do we find the largest single group of ancient Homo fossils (approximately 30 individuals)?
a. Cueva de las Manos
b. Sima de los Huesos
c. Atapuerca
d. Laetoli
e. Olduvai Gorge
Q:
Which species was a distinct group in the genus Homo inhabiting Europe and Southwest Asia from approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago?
a. Homo erectus
b. Homo erectus
c. Archaic Homo sapiens
d. Neanderthal
e. Cro-Magnon
Q:
Most microloans are usually __________.
A) around $50,000
B) over $15,000
C) over $1,000
D) under $100
Q:
Which women are most likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer?
A) Asian American women
B) African American women
C) White women
D) Latina women
Q:
In early human development, fire making was associated with each of the following except:
a. migration into colder geographical areas.
b. developing larger and more complex teeth.
c. detoxifying plants.
d. creating more digestible carbohydrates.
e. tenderizing foods.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered a "disease of civilization"?
a. Diabetes
b. High blood pressure
c. Heart disease
d. Cancer
e. Arthritis
Q:
Other than the danger of drunk driving, alcohol is a relatively safe drug.
Q:
According to the text, in 2010 __________ percent opposed gay marriage.
A) 65
B) 40
C) 33
D) 15
Q:
Which of the following species was the first to migrate out of Africa?
a. Ardipithecus ramidus
b. Australopithecus
c. Homo habilis
d. Homo erectus
e. Homo sapiens
Q:
Immigrants who become citizens have __________ immigrant noncitizens in the United States.
A) higher rates of poverty than
B) lower rates of poverty than
C) the same rates of poverty as
D) no poverty at all, similar to
Q:
What is evolutionary medicine?
a. A branch of medical anthropology that uses evolutionary principles to contribute to human health
b. A branch of forensic anthropology that traces the development of human medicinal interventions over time
c. The study of the development of science and its effect on human culture
d. The use of early medical interventions for contemporary human problems, especially focusing on diet and nutrition
e. The study of nutrition and health across primate species
Q:
What percentage of microloans is repaid?
A) 98 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 32 percent
Q:
Evolutionary medicine bases its prescriptions on the idea that
a. cultural medicine is much more effective than any type of Western medicine.
b. rates of cultural change exceed rates of biological change.
c. rates of biological change exceed rates of cultural change.
d. chemicals in food are the prime determinant in overall human health.
e. natural medicines are more effective than artificial laboratory medicines.
Q:
The poorer you are, the more likely you are to __________.
A) avoid tobacco
B) have a diet of plain, raw vegetables
C) not have access to medical services
D) live longer
Q:
The Oldowan Tool Tradition was most associated with which human species?
a. Homo sapiens
b. Homo habilis
c. Homo erectus
d. Ardipithecus ramidus
e. Australopithecus
Q:
Additive drugs can eliminate a sense of fatigue.
Q:
Which of the following states allows marriage for same-sex couples?
A) Texas
B) Utah
C) Iowa
D) California
Q:
Which consequence is not characteristic of bipedalism?
a. Freed the hands to carry food
b. Could travel long distances in search of food
c. Exposed a smaller area of the body to the direct heat of the sun
d. Was able to run faster and more efficiently than quadrupeds
e. Could see and spot predators more effectively
Q:
__________ is a reason for the high poverty rate among women.
A) The lower intelligence of women
B) The high frequency of divorce
C) A small number of never-married women with children
D) Good job and earnings opportunities for women
Q:
Australopithecine fossil sites have been found in all of the following geographical regions except:
a. Malawi.
b. Egypt.
c. Tanzania.
d. Kenya.
e. Ethiopia.
Q:
Ardipithecus ramidus is associated with which of the following characteristics?
a. Found associated with various tool traditions
b. Fossils found in heavily forested regions in Europe
c. Moved about as bipeds and quadrupeds
d. Dated at around 6 million years ago
e. Found in the area of Olduvai Gorge
Q:
Most microloans are given to __________.
A) men
B) women
C) children
D) boys between 12 and 18
Q:
For human development, which came first?
a. Bipedalism
b. Large brain
c. Color vision
d. Single births
e. Opposable thumbs
Q:
Which of the following provides government healthcare for the poor?
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Blue Cross/Blue Shield
D) Health maintenance organizations
Q:
Molecular evidence indicates that the division between humans and African apes took place
a. 1-3 million years ago.
b. 4-6 million years ago.
c. 5-8 million years ago.
d. 7-10 million years ago.
e. more than 12 million years ago.
Q:
The group of primates that includes all living and extinct apes and humans is called
a. anthropoid.
b. hominid.
c. hominoid.
d. humanoid.
e. archaeopoid.
Q:
It is legal to give healthy children with short stature a human growth hormone.
Q:
Chimpanzee males use meat for all of the following except:
a. gain status.
b. attract sexual partners.
c. reward friends.
d. consolidate allies.
e. bait for hunting.
Q:
Which was the first state to allow marriage for same-sex couples?
A) Massachusetts
B) Hawaii
C) Colorado
D) New York
Q:
Which of the statements about hunting behavior among chimpanzees is not correct?
a. Chimpanzee males and females are involved in hunting prey
b. Chimpanzee hunting frequently involves teamwork among individuals
c. Chimpanzees hunt in the evenings when their acute eyesight is at its best
d. Chimpanzee hunting is done for social and sexual reasons, as well as dietary
e. Chimpanzee males often share meat with females after copulation
Q:
Though this is not a new phenomenon, the trend for contemporary women to be more economically vulnerable than men is known as __________.
A) the working poor
B) the severely poor
C) the feminization of poverty
D) wealthfare
Q:
Which of the following primates is the only one known to use mediators in conflict resolution?
a. Spider monkeys
b. Chimpanzees
c. Baboons
d. Gorillas
e. Bonobos
Q:
The United States spends about __________ a year on defense.
A) $1 billion
B) $7 billion
C) $100 billion
D) $700 billion
Q:
Prior to the 2010 healthcare reform in the United States, the uninsured __________.
A) had no access to healthcare
B) had no ability to apply for government programs
C) were guaranteed healthcare only at emergency rooms in public hospitals
D) were given vouchers for private insurance
Q:
Ecstasy, although referred to on the streets as a drug, is actually not a drug but a form of methadone.
Q:
Svante Pbo's work in evolutionary genetics has led to a better understanding of
a. the earliest primates and their transition from an arboreal to a more savanna-like environment.
b. the development of the earliest primates from their mammalian origins.
c. the emergence of unique sensory apparatus among the primate order.
d. genetic evidence of interbreeding between early humans and other primates.
e. genetic continuity between archaic and anatomically modern humans.
Q:
The "Don"t Ask, Don"t Tell" policy was put into place by __________.
A) President Truman
B) President Kennedy
C) President Reagan
D) President Clinton
Q:
Among bonobos, which of the following does not usually determine an individual's social rank?
a. Strength and size of the animal
b. Social rank of the mother
c. Ability to express cooperative social behavior
d. Number of surviving offspring
e. Creation of effective social alliances
Q:
People may be missed by the census because they __________.
A) are homeless
B) have been at the same address for too long
C) live in poor areas
D) live in a gated community
Q:
The generalized limb pattern for primates includes the long upper portion of the leg and arm bones, the lower portion of the arm and leg bone composed of two bones, hands and feet with five radiating digits, and an opposable thumb and big toe. Which of the following primates does not conform completely to this pattern?
a. Chimpanzee
b. Baboon
c. Gorillas
d. Orangutans
e. Humans
Q:
The World Bank estimates that about __________ would make birth control readily available globally.
A) $1 million
B) $1 billion
C) $8 billion
D) $20 billion
Q:
Which of the following sensory capacities is not typically associated with primates?
a. Development of binocular color vision
b. Development of an acute sense of touch
c. Development of sensitive finger pads
d. Development of broad, grasping claws
e. Reduction in the capacity to smell
Q:
In primates, the ability to perceive a three-dimensional world is directly due to
a. holophonic perspective.
b. cerebral overlap.
c. stereoscopic vision.
d. a linear skull.
e. bipedalism.
Q:
Patient dumping occurs when __________.
A) the costs of private hospitals implicitly deny services to many poor patients
B) health insurance plans refuse to cover poor customers
C) insurance companies cancel coverage for those who utilize healthcare above their monthly payments
D) patients are prescribed generic brands instead of brand name prescriptions
Q:
The severity of drug laws is related to the dangers the specific drugs pose to individuals and society.
Q:
Which of the following statements about our earliest ancestral primates is correct?
a. Most of them were diurnal, although today we find both nocturnal and diurnal primates
b. The earliest primates appeared about 200 million years ago when the climate changed
c. The earliest primates evolved to adapt to savannah environments
d. Some of the first adaptations in primates were to an arboreal environment
e. Although the earliest primates were adapted to a more tropical environment, they first emerged when the climate became colder and glaciers began spreading