Q&A Hero

Q: The authors of the text recommend a(n) __________ college education for all qualified students.

Q: Everything that humans do well is adaptive.

Q: The tobacco industry has begun which of the following as a way of responding to declining U.S. sales? A) Pulling out of political campaigns donations as a punishment to lawmakers for not passing favorable legislation B) Decreasing advertising in the United States C) Increasing advertising and sales overseas D) Marketing to senior citizens

Q: All of the following are signs that a culture is not adequately satisfying the needs and expectations of those who live by its rules except: a. recovering environments. b. high crime rate. c. high delinquency rate. d. malnutrition (including obesity). e. emotional disorders.

Q: Most cultures are ethnocentric. In fact, the way that most societies name and refer to themselves is typically a word that translates into a. funny talkers. b. the only adults. c. true gods. d. all people. e. true human beings.

Q: How does race intersect with gender to increase inequity? Give examples.

Q: The position that because cultures are unique, each one can be evaluated only according to its own standards and values is called a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural materialism. d. adaptation. e. pluralism.

Q: It has been shown that White flight can lead to __________. A) cheaper airfare during the holidays B) increased funding in urban areas C) the development of better healthcare services in central cities D) increased class and race segregation

Q: The authors suggest that effectively reducing fertility involves __________. A) providing women access to formal education B) keeping women from having a voice in society C) preventing women from engaging in activities outside the home D) preventing women access to contraception

Q: __________ have been shown to be capable of eliminating the learning gap between middle-class and lower-class children at a very young age.

Q: Why is heroin dangerous? A) Most users will overdose during the first three uses. B) The sharing of heroin needles may transmit HIV, hepatitis, and other diseases. C) It is cheap and widely available. D) Addiction occurs gradually over several years of regular use and thus happens without the user being aware.

Q: Differentiate between the glass ceiling and the glass escalator. Give an example of each.

Q: An analysis of "White flight" would reveal __________. A) the current trend of young White professionals moving into luxury condominiums and apartments that have been built for them in formerly blighted urban areas B) the process of gentrification in formerly rundown cities C) the mass exodus from the city to the suburbs by upper-middle-class, middle-class, and working-class Whites D) the trend by White professionals to commute to work by airplane

Q: All of the following are common causes of cultural change except: a. ecological shifts. b. cultural relativism. c. foreign invasion. d. new trade goods. e. new technology.

Q: Since the UN began funding family planning programs in developing nations there has been a(an) __________. A) decline in the number of children born in less developed nations B) increase in the number of children born in less developed nations C) decline in the number of women using contraception D) increase in the relative poverty rate in less developed nations

Q: Though pastoral nomadic peoples are often blamed for causing environmental degradation, the fault is often not theirs. Rather, in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa it is caused by a. unrestricted development. b. a tremendous increase in tourism. c. the ever-burgeoning use of off road vehicles. d. governments that restrict their movements causing overgrazing. e. global warming.

Q: There are approximately __________ schools in the United States.

Q: What percentage of cosmetic procedures and nonsurgical procedures were done on women in the United States in 2011? a. 100 b. 91 c. 83 d. 61 e. 47

Q: __________ is referred to as the date-rape drug because of its effect on inhibition and short-term memory. A) GHB B) ABC C) BAB D) THC

Q: How do toys play a part in gender socialization? Use examples from your own toys as a child to illustrate the role of toys and play in the process of socialization.

Q: What does Laura Nader mean when she says that the beauty industry and many plastic surgeons are involved in "standardizing" bodies? a. They focus on the cultural body, treating others as in need of changes and adjustments to be culturally normal b. They are working to sell cosmetics only to people who meet cultural ideals and do not address their markets to other women c. They are not interested in selling their products anywhere but in the United States d. They work together and have the same advisory boards so that there will be no competition between each other's companies e. They are working on cloning experiences so that future people will have a perfect body

Q: Which of the following statements is correct? a. A society is a union of multiple cultures. b. Human survival depends on every individual being fit. c. A correctly functioning culture has consistency across all of its parts, though not necessarily harmony. d. Unregulated self-gratification does not impact the society as a whole. e. Although all individuals are not exactly the same, all are enculturated equally.

Q: _____ set a new standard for fieldwork in anthropology through his research with the Trobriand people. a. E.E. Evans-Pritchard b. Claude Levi-Strauss c. Bronislaw Malinowski d. Ruth Benedict e. Alfred Wallace

Q: People who live in the suburbs are more likely than people who live in cities to __________. A) drive to school and work B) work close to home C) use public transportation D) quit their jobs

Q: According to Bronislaw Malinowski, the nature of an institution is determined by its a. structure. b. function. c. culture. d. superstructure. e. infrastructure.

Q: Cultures respond to motions and actions within and around them because they are a. symbolic. b. functional. c. ethnocentric. d. dynamic. e. integrated.

Q: __________ is the three-stage pattern of population change occurring as societies industrialize and urbanize, resulting in a low stable population growth rate. A) fertility rate B) fecundity rate C) infant mortality rate D) modern demographic transition

Q: The data presented in the text show that U.S. schools tend to block the chances of minority and economically __________ children in their quest to be successful.

Q: The drug ecstasy __________. A) is legal B) is a "club drug" C) impedes the body's temperature-regulating function D) makes users less motivated

Q: Among the Kapauku Papuans of New Guinea, the fact that an attempt to eliminate warfare (which would create a balanced sex ratio) would affect the practice of polygyny, which would affect the economy (since women raise pigs, and the more wives a man has, the more pigs he can keep), shows that culture is a. materialistic. b. relative. c. pluralistic. d. integrated. e. enculturated.

Q: Sexism negatively affects men as well as women.

Q: As represented by the barrel model of culture, culture is an integrated system that responds to a combination of a. structural integrity. b. ideology and religion. c. international factors. d. ethical integrity. e. internal factors.

Q: As a result of the dramatic population shift taking place in the U.S. since 1950 __________. A) more Americans now live in the suburbs than in cities and rural areas B) more people are relocating to urban areas C) gentrification is at an all time low in major cities D) more Americans now live in small towns and rural areas

Q: Which of the following is not an element associated with the barrel model of culture? a. Interstructure b. Social structure c. Infrastructure d. Superstructure e. Environment

Q: The rule-governed relationships that hold a society together, with all their rights, duties, and obligations, are known as its a. constitution. b. social structure. c. cultural relativism. d. laws. e. ethnocentrism.

Q: Infrastructure can be best described as a society's a. subsistence system. b. religious system. c. political system. d. domestic activities and daily life. e. kinship system.

Q: In the first stage of modern demographic transition the __________. A) population growth is low B) birth rate is low C) death rate is low D) economy is predominantly agricultural

Q: Culture is an integrated and interrelated whole, which means that a. people of all different races get along well together. b. subcultural variations can be tolerated and are of great benefit to a state. c. if you alter one aspect of a culture, you can drastically affect and possibly even endanger the functioning of the whole. d. primitive people live in harmony and do not require contact with other cultures, nor do they undergo internal change. e. society maintains a fragile balance that can be destroyed by any contact with an outside influence.

Q: At the highest tier of higher education it is __________ that matters much more than sheer ability.

Q: Marijuana __________. A) is physically addictive B) has been shown definitively to lead people to use heroin C) has been shown definitively to lead people to use harder drugs D) has a negative effect on the lungs

Q: The gender inequality that women suffer has several different economic consequences but no long-term psychological effects.

Q: A society is held together by a shared sense of identity and worldview. This collective body of ideas allows a society to make sense of the world, its challenges, and opportunities. It is known as a. infrastructure. b. cultural relativism. c. superstructure. d. religion. e. structure.

Q: Suburbanization has resulted in __________. A) less traffic and shorter commutes to work B) more diverse schools C) urban sprawl and more air pollution D) a decrease in residential segregation

Q: The most important symbolic aspect of culture is a. art. b. language. c. religion. d. money. e. politics.

Q: All of the following statements about pluralistic societies are correct except: a. these are societies in which two or more ethnic groups coexist within the same state. b. together these societies comprise a nation. c. pluralistic societies did not exist before about 5,000 years ago. d. these societies have a more complex order than those states composed of a single ethnic group. e. ethnocentrism can be maladaptive within pluralistic societies.

Q: China's one-child policy is __________. A) punishable by death if not followed B) considered a human rights violation C) followed by the entire population D) not universal within the country

Q: China is a pluralistic society. Which ethnic group dominates others in China and has a socially and politically ethnocentric ruling policy? a. Buddhists b. Uyghur c. Li d. Mongol e. Han

Q: The longer children live in poverty, the __________ they perform on working-memory tests.

Q: As a prelude to social interaction, Apache hosts feel compelled to offer their guest a. cattle. b. beer. c. food. d. small gifts. e. seats.

Q: __________ is a danger associated with marijuana. A) A negative effect on the lungs B) Increases in weight gain and obesity C) Increased hyperactivity D) Sudden cardiac arrest

Q: As a result of _____ work, in 1981, the Apaches were able to move into houses that had been designed with their participation, for their specific needs. a. Walter Goldschmidt's b. George Esber's c. David Maybury-Lewis's d. Bronislaw Malinowski's e. Margaret Mead's

Q: Inequality for women in the workplace is affected by gender but not by race.

Q: A sound, emblem, or other sign that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way is called a(n) a. myth. b. symbol. c. omen. d. subculture. e. ethnic group.

Q: The belief that one's own way of life is superior to others is called a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. egocentrism. d. kulturpride. e. ethnicity.

Q: Which groups have participated in White flight? A) Only upper middle-class Whites B) New immigrants following White employers C) Working-class Asians D) Middle, upper-middle, and working-class Whites

Q: A set of cultural ideas held by a group that collectively and publicly identifies itself as distinct based on shared features is called a. tradition. b. custom. c. subculture. d. culture. e. ethnicity.

Q: Which of the following statements is correct? a. Subcultural groups always have separate religious affiliations. b. Ethnic groups live outside of national borders. c. Subcultural groups have biological differences that ethnic groups do not have. d. Ethnic groups collectively and publicly identify themselves as distinct. e. Subcultural groups collectively and publicly identify themselves as distinct.

Q: There is a(n) __________ relationship between per capita GNP and population growth rates. A) causal B) indirect C) inverse D) insignificant

Q: Angie wants to send her kids to a school that is able to choose its own curriculum. She would be interested in __________.

Q: Ritalin is a stimulant that affects the brain similarly to __________. A) cocaine B) cigarettes C) marijuana D) heroin

Q: The Amish may be used as an example of subcultural variation because a. they are racially different. b. they share the values of thrift, hard work, independence, and close family ties that Americans respect. c. they maintain a distinctive way of life that emphasizes agrarian living and loyalty to fellow Amish rather than to the state. d. they participate in a rite of passage called rumschpringe. e. they have their own church and do not speak English.

Q: In the movie Witness, a policeman named John Book was able to hide from his corrupt boss by staying with the Amish. He was protected by adopting their mode of dress, by the fact that they had no telephones, and by their being a close-knit community united by shared values that differed from those of the larger society. The Amish in the United States are an example of a(n) a. pluralistic society. b. subculture. c. integrated culture. d. world culture. e. complex society.

Q: The earnings gap between men and women has narrowed, but still women's incomes are lower than men's in every racial group.

Q: Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. All culture is learned. b. All learned behavior is cultural. c. Culture is humankind's "social heredity." d. Culture is not biologically inherited. e. Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next through enculturation.

Q: When low-density, automobile dependent development takes place outside of a central city, this is characterized as __________. A) triage B) regional government C) suburban sprawl D) colonias

Q: It is estimated that China's one-child policy prevented __________ births. A) 3 million B) 30 million C) 300 million D) 3 billion

Q: People share the same culture if they a. are dependent on each other for survival. b. are able to interpret and predict each other's actions. c. live in the same territory. d. behave in an identical manner. e. have the same last name.

Q: Charter and private schools often result in increased racial __________.

Q: Which of the following statements about the relationship between sex and gender is incorrect? a. Sex is the same as gender. b. Sex refers to physical differences between males and females, whereas gender refers to the cultural meanings assigned to sex. c. Sexual differences are biological; gender differences depend on cultural definition. d. Gender differences began with human culture, several million years ago. e. The biological differences between males and females have decreased since the time of the earliest humans.

Q: The cultural definitions of what it means to be a male or female today a. are determined by biological differences. b. are independent of biological differences. c. stem from biological differences that are less significant today. d. developed about 60 million years ago when our species first emerged. e. have no relationship to sex.

Q: __________ drugs heal traumatized parts of the body. A) Additive B) Restorative C) Psychoactive D) Political

Q: Television commercials help promote equality between the sexes.

Q: Which of the following statements about society and culture is incorrect? a. Culture can exist without a society. b. Every culture is learned, shared, based on symbols, integrated, and dynamic. c. All culture is learned rather than biologically inherited. d. A culture is shared by the members of a society. e. Although members of a society may share a culture, their behavior is not uniform.

Q: The process by which culture is transmitted from one generation to the next is called a. enculturation. b. pluralism. c. adaptation. d. cultural relativism. e. subcultural variation.

Q: A suburban city of at least 100,000 that has experienced double-digit growth each decade since it became urban is an example of __________. A) urban sprawl B) redlining C) a boomburg D) gentrification

Q: The first clear and comprehensive definition of culture was made by a. Franz Boas. b. Ralph Linton. c. Edward B. Tylor. d. Bronislaw Malinowski. e. Clyde Kluckhohn.

Q: The world adds almost 1 million people every four __________. A) hours B) days C) years D) millennia

Q: The ability to build homes and make clothing to insulate us against cold environments is a(n) a. physiological adaptation. b. evolutionary adaptation. c. physical adaptation. d. cultural adaptation. e. congenital adaptation.

Q: In the past, the school year was developed around the __________ calendar.

Q: All of the following are long-term challenges associated with high-yield marginal farmlands in the U.S. except: a. loss of topsoil. b. high cost of fossil fuel. c. decreasing salinity of soil. d. silting of irrigation works. e. high cost of fresh water.