Q&A Hero

Q: The Garbage Project in Tucson demonstrated that what people say and what they do can differ dramatically. For instance, investigators found that a. no one claimed to use hair coloring, but many empty packages of hair dye were found in the trash. b. people claimed to take vitamins daily, but the number of empty vitamin bottles did not support this claim. c. women who said they bought no new clothes in the last month in fact had discarded tags and sales slips from clothing stores in their trash. d. no one said they drank Scotch, but several empty Johnny Walker bottles were found in the trash. e. the amount of beer consumed, according to empty cans in the trash, was far higher than people claimed.

Q: Lack of centralized planning is a feature of ________

Q: Throughout U.S. history, individuals have organized to change elements of society that they deemed unethical, unjust, racist, sexist, or oppressive.

Q: An archaeologist has a research project involving the analysis of an old campsite of a people who relied primarily on foraging for wild foods about 500,000 years ago. This project would be considered a. Arctic. b. prehistoric. c. futuristic. d. historical. e. culture-bound.

Q: Mark has been assigned to the Blue Fish reading group, which focuses on simple sentences and recognizing basic punctuation. His friends in the more advanced Red Fish reading group make fun of him and Mark begins to think of himself as stupid. He is suffering from __________. A) a student subculture B) a stigma C) stratification D) exploitation

Q: An archaeologist studies material remains and environmental data to understand a. geological time periods. b. fossils and the process of preservation. c. human culture. d. adaptation and the formation of future species. e. how oil is formed from ancient plants.

Q: Opiates were declared illegal in a limited context in the nineteenth century due to __________. A) concern for the large number of Civil War veterans who had become addicts B) the Progressive Movement's focus on health C) anti-Chinese sentiment D) the women's suffrage efforts

Q: Approximately how many living languages exist today? a. 175 b. 500 c. 1,750 d. 2,500 e. 6,000 f. 12,000

Q: Feminist social movements in the United States are reactions to __________. A) gender politics B) gender inequality C) reverse discrimination D) female superiority

Q: Which of the following research projects would not belong to the province of linguistic anthropology? a. Learning about a culture by finding out which objects or events are associated with a large vocabulary b. Reconstructing the evolution of the big toe to find out at what time humans began to walk upright c. Comparing languages to see which ones can be traced back to a single unifying language d. Describing how, in a particular language, sounds are combined to form words and how words are combined to form sentences e. Studying the development and use of profanity in middle-school conversation

Q: The most significant factor determining access to mortgage credit is __________. A) the gender of the applicant B) the bank account balance of the applicant C) the race of the applicant D) whether the applicant has a car

Q: The branch of anthropology that studies human languages is called a. linguistic anthropology. b. ethnology. c. ethnography. d. ethnolinguistics. e. ethnography of speaking.

Q: Four or fewer companies control at least 60 percent of the light bulb market in the United States, which demonstrates a __________.

Q: What is the primary purpose of practicing applied anthropology? a. It provides case studies to determine the accuracy of new anthropological theories. b. It establishes new fieldsites where future anthropologists can work. c. It allows the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems. d. It allows anthropologists to work with non-governmental agencies to establish democracy. e. It provides students with areas where they can practice doing fieldwork.

Q: Following World War II and lasting for about three decades, society became more inclusive in the United States.

Q: Anthropologists doing fieldwork typically involve themselves in many different experiences.They try to investigate not just one aspect of culture (such as the political system) but how all aspects relate to each other (for example, how the political system fits with economic institutions, religious beliefs, etc.). This perspective is called a. holism. b. ethnology. c. comparison. d. participation. e. culture-boundedness.

Q: In-depth descriptive studies of specific cultures are called a. ethnologies. b. ethnobotanies. c. biologies. d. ethnographies. e. anthropologies.

Q: Julia is Hispanic and her family is poor. When a local reporter came to visit her school, she was appalled at the learning conditions and ended up reading the sociological research which shows that poor children are __________ the children of the affluent to attend schools with poor resources. A) more likely than B) less likely than C) more inclined D) not as inclined

Q: Drugs and drug use __________. A) have definitions that are socially constructed B) produce agreement among different groups within society agree about their beliefs on drugs C) definitions are specified by the least powerful groups in society and become part of the law and imposed on others D) are not harmful in moderation

Q: Which of the following are consequences of sexism and gender inequality? A) Men are denied the potential for full human development. B) Men suffer economically. C) Corporations make less money. D) Women feel valued by society.

Q: The hallmark of ethnographic fieldwork is a. participant observation. b. formal interviews. c. fieldnotes. d. applied anthropology. e. holism.

Q: A jobs/housing mismatch occurs when __________. A) landlords do not hire their residents for jobs in the area B) residents do not make enough money to stay in their current jobs C) central-city residents cannot reach jobs on the urban fringe because of transportation issues D) people you work with will not visit you because they fear your neighborhood

Q: Cultural anthropology is the study of patterns of human behavior. These standards a. are biologically inherited. b. operate only when people are unconscious. c. can be studied only by sociologists. d. focus on humans as culture producing and re-producing creatures. e. are inherited and are studied initially by physical anthropologists.

Q: Cross-cultural research that allows anthropologists to explain why differences or similarities occur between groups is known as a. ethnography. b. biography. c. ethnology. d. ethnohistory. e. ethnoarchaeology.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the four branches of anthropology? a. Archaeology b. Linguistics c. Biology d. Cultural anthropology e. Physical anthropology

Q: __________ is the nation with the most millionaires.

Q: The Depression era, which brought such programs as Social Security and unemployment insurance, is evidence that a progressive period is possible in the United States.

Q: Cross-cultural studies show that in many non-Western cultures mother-infant "co-sleeping" is the rule. Which of the following is not a benefit of mother-infant co-sleeping? a. Infants nurse more often b. Infants receive more stimuli c. Infants are less susceptible to sudden infant death syndrome d. Mother gets at least as much sleep as mothers who do not sleep with infants e. Infant begins to adapt to separation of space and individual identity

Q: Megan has been placed in an advanced learning track and her teachers begin to expect more from her. Additionally, she has more resources available to her to help with the more difficult material. With the extra attention and help she scores very well on her exams and gets admitted to good colleges. This illustrates __________. A) the student subculture B) gentrification C) the self-fulfilling prophecy D) school segregation

Q: Recent studies have shown that the unusual degree of separation of mother and infant in Western societies has important consequences. Which of the following are not consequences of the rather long degree of mother/infant separation in Western societies? a. Decreases in the length of infant feeding b. Prevention of early ovulation after childbirth c. Increase in physical abuse of child d. Increases in crying e. Decreases in physical stimulation

Q: How does the perception of organ transplantation differ between the U.S. and Japan? a. It is performed more frequently in Japan because they have developed a more efficient harvesting system. b. It is rarely performed in Japan because they do not believe in a mind-body split. c. It is performed more frequently in the U.S. because there is no belief in a mind-body split. d. It is rarely performed in the U.S. because the cultural system does not endorse the idea of anonymous "gifts." e. The perception of organ transplantation does not differ significantly between the U.S. and Japan.

Q: The belief that one's own culture is superior to another is called a. discrimination. b. holism. c. ethnology. d. ethnography. e. ethnocentrism.

Q: The __________ refers to the definitions concerning drugs and drug-related behaviors based on the meanings that people in groups have imputed to certain things and behaviors as opposed to the technical differences between chemical substances. A) politics of drugs B) social construction of drugs C) decriminalization of drugs D) war on drugs

Q: Mary has always worked hard at her job, gets glowing performance reviews, and has excellent qualifications. Yet she keeps getting passed over for promotions and does not see a clear path upward in her company while men less qualified than her advance more quickly. These men are likely being advanced by a glass __________. A) ceiling B) floor C) wall D) escalator

Q: A "culture-bound" theory is a. a prediction that is bound to be fulfilled in a particular culture. b. a theory developed by a cultural anthropologist rather than a physical anthropologist. c. a theory developed by a sociologist rather than a cultural anthropologist. d. a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture rather than deriving from comparisons of many different cultures. e. a theory based on comparison of cultures and not tied to a single cultural worldview.

Q: What does it mean to take a "holistic perspective"? a. To seek comparisons between cultures in order to understand what is universal in human thought and behavior b. To examine culture as a whole and how various parts are related, without examining behavior as if it were a biological instinct c. To seek interconnections and relatedness between various parts of human culture and biology d. To approach culture as a uniquely human practice that is the same everywhere and is thus studied as if it were a whole e. To view culture as changing and whole, but not subject to analysis and experiment

Q: When developers and speculators look to gentrify communities they like purchasing warehoused property because __________. A) the warehouse gives them space to start a business B) the informal economy of the residents brings in more taxes C) they are in the more affluent parts of the city D) they don"t have to deal with getting rid of poor residents

Q: Income inequality is __________ in the United States.

Q: Anthropology is a. the study of Western culture primarily through the analysis of its folklore. b. the study of humankind everywhere, throughout time. c. the study of nonhuman primates through an analysis of their myth and folklore. d. the study of the species Homo sapiens by analyzing its cultural but not its biological dimensions. e. the analysis of humankind from the subjective perspective of one group.

Q: The authors of the text argue for a decrease in taxes on the wealthy to spur a progressive period in this country.

Q: The practice of awarding college applicants a certain number of points or credit automatically based on their race is an example of __________. A) reverse racism B) institutional racism C) tracking D) affirmative action

Q: Any substance that affects the structure or function of the body when ingested is known as a __________ regardless of legality or social norms. A) narcotic B) barbiturate C) drug D) roofie

Q: Mary has always worked hard at her job, gets glowing performance reviews, and has excellent qualifications. Yet she keeps getting passed over for promotions and does not see a clear path upward in her company while men less qualified than her advance more quickly. She is likely suffering from a glass __________. A) ceiling B) floor C) wall D) escalator

Q: Beginning with the Reagan administration, there have been over three decades of __________. A) federal disinvestment in affordable housing infrastructure housing and programs B) increasing crime in suburban gated communities C) Republican U.S. presidents elected to office D) increased investment in urban rehabilitation of housing

Q: By reducing taxes, the government has eliminated waste, given the poor more money to spend and invest, and improved the economy.

Q: A strong union movement would almost certainly not support the government implementing progressive social policies.

Q: Desegregation in public schools has __________. A) been largely successful B) resulted in racially and economically diverse schools C) had a peak and then a decline D) eliminated racially segregated neighborhoods

Q: Prior to the passage of the __________, drug addicts were considered by the public to be sick and in need of help. A) Mellon Act of 1910 B) Harrison Act of 1914 C) Anslinger Act of 1926 D) Tax Act of 1940

Q: Cecilia's research has led her to become a proponent of the __________ theory explanation of workplace inequality because she sees gender as embedded in an interlocking web of social interactions which stem from living in a society that has unequal gender relations. A) human capital B) dual labor market C) interactional D) feminist

Q: In theory, federal urban renewal funds were supposed to help rehabilitate and redevelop urban neighborhood, but in practice they ____________. A) increased the rates of U.S. Immigration B) were used to replace slum lords C) were never used for the replacement of housing for urban residents D) were used to actually fund urban farming initiatives

Q: Political decisions are likely to be limited by pre-existing conditions that serve to maintain the status quo.

Q: Control of federal and state legislatures by political conservatives promises to advance social reforms.

Q: About 15 percent of low-income students enroll in college, while nearly 65 percent of high-income students enroll in college. This illustrates that __________. A) upper-income families value education more B) low-income students do not work as hard at school C) upper-income students are cheating D) there is stratification in higher education

Q: The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 served to accomplish which of the following? A) It taxed the dispensing of marijuana products. B) It created the forerunner of the Bureau of Narcotics. C) It began to treat drug addiction as a behavioral problem rather than a legal one. D) It launched the War on Drugs.

Q: Alex focuses on the labor market itself when explaining how workplace inequality operates. She believes there are two separate segments with tiers that funnel women into low paid, less prestigious fields. Alex's ideas are consistent with __________ theory. A) human capital B) dual labor market C) interactional D) feminist

Q: When landlords buy properties in poor neighborhoods but do not maintain them this is a form of __________. A) slumlording B) warehousing C) bushwhacking D) redlining

Q: The interests of the powerful are served by a conspiracy of the power elite.

Q: Because of how societies are organized, even if some of the arrangements result in social problems, they can"t be changed to reduce or eliminate those problems.

Q: __________ affects how long a child will stay in school, whether s/he will have a computer in the home, and out-of-school enrichment activities. A) Intellectual ability B) Standardized test scores C) Desire D) Level of affluence

Q: Explain the cradle to prison pipeline and note what can be done to stop it. Use specific examples and theories.

Q: In the course of a debate, Jonathan advances the __________ theory to explain workplace inequality by arguing that women bring different characteristics to their jobs in the form of education and experience than men do. A) human capital B) dual labor market C) interactional D) feminist

Q: The migration of middle- and high-income people into urban areas and their renovation of existing housing refers to the process of __________. A) the sector model B) concentration C) gentrification D) regionalization

Q: Political lobbyists represent a balance of viewpoints that legislators weigh in their decision making.

Q: Sociologists are rejected by those in power largely because they do not use mathematical models to test their theories.

Q: The fact that the average SAT score for high income youths was 381 points higher than for low income youths illustrates that __________. A) class has an influence on education B) upper-income families value education more C) low-income students do not work as hard at school D) upper-income students are cheating

Q: What biases are evident in the U.S. correctional system? Who do they affect the most? Can they be fixed?

Q: Human capital theory is an example of a(n) __________ explanation of women's workplace inequality. A) individual B) structural C) interactional D) psychological

Q: "Environmental racism" refers to __________. A) gentrification such that the poor cannot afford to buy homes in urban areas B) moving companies into the suburbs because of lax environmental standards C) the placement of noxious and toxin-producing industries and landfills near minority communities D) mistreating minority owned companies that pollute the environment

Q: According to the authors of the text, capitalism will, if unhindered by government regulation, result in individual self-fulfillment and general material progress for all of society.

Q: The 1997 UPS strike is emblematic of the way in which __________ can be effective components of progressive social policy giving voice to those without individual power.

Q: A student who lives in a section of a city with a lot of rental housing and low property values is likely to _________. A) receive more funding at school to make up for the disadvantage B) receive less funding at school C) be offered vouchers to attend private school D) have free or reduced cost tutors available in home

Q: How has judicial discretion in sentencing changed since the 1970s? What are the effects of this?

Q: Dual labor market theory is an example of a(n) __________explanation of women's workplace inequality. A) individual B) structural C) interactional D) psychological

Q: "Warehousing" refers to __________. A) the redevelopment of older, often run-down residential buildings B) investors buying property in poor neighborhoods to rent to the poor C) keeping emergency room patients waiting for days D) purchasing property with the intent to move the poor out and sell to investors

Q: Marx hypothesized that free enterprise would eventually destroy itself and be replaced with a new economic form.

Q: The large federal deficit __________ a progressive agenda.

Q: Families' economic resources influence children's education in that __________. A) wealthy children are more likely than children of the poor to attend schools with poor resources, forcing many of them to hire private tutors B) most wealthy young people live in communities that have few opportunities to apply academic skills because they are always in school C) children from poor families cannot afford private early development programs D) the redistribution of tax dollars to equalize school spending across all districts results in inferior education for the middle class

Q: Use examples to describe the phenomenon called "white-collar crime" and discuss why that form of crime is treated more leniently that street crime.

Q: Domestic work is a part of the __________ segment of the labor market. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

Q: Which of the following is true of conditions in urban areas? A) Poverty is not an issue in these areas. B) People of color do not live in these areas. C) There are large areas that are racially segregated. D) The best schools are in the poorest areas.