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Q:
In general, the American infrastructure can be considered __________.
A) in excellent shape
B) in need of extensive repair
C) to be failing
D) nonexistent
Q:
Most immigrant families who have come to the United States have come from families characterized by the "breadwinner"homemaker" arrangement.
Q:
Eric was arrested for damaging property in a political protest while his friend John engaged in the same activity during spring break and had his transgressions overlooked. This is because __________.
A) intent matters when the powerful determine law and enforcement
B) Eric broke a moral code
C) John didn't violate any laws
D) political protests violate human rights
Q:
Discuss the trends in racial and ethnic relations. What are the implications of each?
Q:
Which of the following is a problem for women associated with Social Security?
A) A divorced woman is not entitled to any of her ex-husband's Social Security income unless she was married to him for at least ten years.
B) Men pay less for their health benefits.
C) It mainly recognizes the work of men and not that of women.
D) Women are not eligible for the benefits unless they were married during their lifetime.
Q:
Recent tax policies in the United States have __________.
A) exacerbated the unequal distribution of wealth
B) decreased the national debt
C) decreased the political influence of the wealthy
D) decreased the costs of running for public office
Q:
A plutocracy is a __________ and it undermines the notion of a collective democracy.
A) society in which many different groups share power
B) society controlled by a few leading companies
C) form of government that is often installed by revolutionaries
D) government ruled by the wealthy class
Q:
Everyone in the family experiences family events in the same way.
Q:
Punishments handed out for corporate crimes communicate that __________.
A) as a society we just are not that concerned with corporate crime
B) we view corporations as more responsible and accountable than other entities
C) safety and accountability, not profit, are the overriding goals of the American marketplace
D) corporate crime is generally rare and not very costly to American society
Q:
Which groups in society are most disadvantaged with regard to education? Discuss why this phenomenon exists. What are the long-term implications of this gap?
Q:
Nursing homes can be dangerous because __________.
A) they are not sufficiently regulated
B) they have too much staff
C) they do not offer the tastiest foods
D) some people are sick
Q:
The linkage between corporations when an individual serves on the board of directors of two companies is called a(n) __________.
A) oligarchy
B) plutocracy
C) shared monopoly
D) interlocking directorate
Q:
In terms of policy, immigration is a __________ issue.
A) local
B) state
C) regional
D) federal
Q:
Both divorce and __________ can result in poorer physical and mental health for the child.
Q:
Billy knows that the tires his company are making are not as safe as they need to be because there is a defect in the manufacturing process, but he bribed a customs official to allow them into the country anyway. Billy is engaging in __________.
A) organized crime
B) street crime
C) white-collar crime
D) corporate crime
Q:
What is the difference between health outcomes of Whites and minorities? Explain how these differences are related to institutional and interpersonal racism.
Q:
A healthcare facility that is mainly focused on meeting the needs of the institution at the expense of the needs of the patient is exhibiting __________.
A) disengagement
B) therapeutic care
C) custodial care
D) institutional care
Q:
In contrast to socialism, capitalism is characterized by __________.
A) autocratic rule
B) free market competition
C) centralized government
D) state ownership of corporations
Q:
Which of the following groups believes in reducing rather than expanding the welfare safety net?
A) Republicans
B) Democrats
C) Women
D) Men
Q:
Official definitions of __________ include nonviolent acts such as a lack of sanitary living conditions.
Q:
Mary was caught gambling and smoking marijuana. She argues that her actions were only affecting her and not harming others because she was engaging in __________, but she served jail time anyway because the state argued that it has a right to uphold the morals of its citizens who are opposed to Mary's activities.
A) a victimless crime
B) secondary deviance
C) organized crime
D) white-collar crime
Q:
Differentiate among deficiency, bias, and structural discrimination theories of racial and ethnic inequality. Which of these theories do you think best explains current race relations in the U.S.? Why? Be specific and use examples.
Q:
A healthcare facility that is focused on meeting the needs of residents rather than the needs of the institution is exhibiting __________.
A) disengagement
B) therapeutic care
C) custodial care
D) ageism
Q:
The average U.S. worker would have to work nearly one __________to make a CEO's hourly salary.
A) hour
B) day
C) week
D) month
Q:
Anthony believes that people take control of their own lives and the conditions in which they live and shape the society around them. Anthony would support an understanding of society that gives strong emphasis to __________.
A) social structure
B) human agency
C) a liberal ideology
D) social policy
Q:
Approximately __________ million Americans have been victims of intimate partner violence at some point in their lifetime.
Q:
Billy has started an organization to supply people with drugs, prostitution, and money laundering. His efforts at organized crime in these areas have a good chance at succeeding because __________.
A) organized crime is seen as a benefit to society
B) there is always a desire for illegal goods and services
C) nobody has thought to organize the production and delivery of illegal goods before
D) we live in a lawless society
Q:
What is the difference between institutional racism in comparison to individual racism? Which do you think has a bigger impact on contemporary U.S. society? Use examples.
Q:
Economically advantaged elderly are __________ their less-well-to-do cohorts to be institutionalized.
A) not as likely as
B) as likely as
C) somewhat more likely than
D) much more likely than
Q:
In 2011, the average CEO of a Fortune 500 company was paid __________ times more than the average worker.
A) 50
B) 100
C) 380
D) 500
Q:
Peter believes that society gives shape to everything we do, and that even the emotions we feel and our own consciousness are fully regulated by social structures. Peter's beliefs align with the __________.
A) human agency emphasis
B) deterministic view
C) sociological dilemma
D) plutocracy
Q:
Approximately __________ percent of divorcing couples have minor children.
Q:
Although Americans are most concerned with __________ crime, the most economically damaging crimes are __________.
A) street; corporate
B) corporate; white-collar
C) white-collar; street
D) organized; street
Q:
Where minority groups have narrowed the gap in educational attainment between themselves and Whites, they have also narrowed the economic differences.
Q:
One of the concerns related to the future funding of Social Security is that __________.
A) people are living longer and the system may not be able to afford to pay out to all citizens because of increased longevity
B) it is only paid by young citizens and they are getting increasing frustrated with taking care of the elderly population
C) it is taxed after everyone pays their bills and people can opt out of paying the tax if the money is needed for other debts
D) with people living longer, they will need to go back into the workforce to reimburse the government for past benefits
Q:
In 2009, the richest 5 percent of U.S. households owned over __________ percent of the nation's private wealth.
A) 10
B) 33
C) 50
D) 63
Q:
Adrian is not in favor of the social policy changes that have occurred in the United States over the last two decades and supports a __________ approach to social policy in general.
A) plutocracy
B) gerrymandering
C) progressive
D) stratified
Q:
Kyle is set to graduate from college in a month, but he has not found employment yet. His immediate plan is to become a(n) __________ and move back in with his parents.
Q:
Cheating on personal income tax and time theft are examples of __________.
A) organized crime
B) street crime
C) white-collar crime
D) corporate crime
Q:
As more minorities enter high-status jobs, they are confronted by new forms of discrimination in the form of the "job ceilings" that limit their access to top-level jobs.
Q:
Which of the following is a type of elder abuse?
A) Physical exercise
B) Sending relatives to a nursing home
C) Financial exploitation
D) Zuumba classes for nursing homes
Q:
__________ are corporate enterprises with holdings and subsidiaries in several different countries.
A) International cooperatives
B) Plutocracies
C) Oligopolies
D) Transnational corporations
Q:
Lance believes that the correct approach to understanding the world is to focus on the social, economic, and historical circumstances that produce social arrangements. Lance is a(n) __________
A) psychologist
B) politician
C) socialist
D) sociologist
Q:
After graduation a bunch of friends decided to pool resources and rent a house rather than getting individual homes. They are classified as a __________.
Q:
__________ is an example of corporate crime.
A) Negative advertising
B) Assault
C) Price-fixing
D) Slander
Q:
Hispanics have the highest level of high school completion among minority populations.
Q:
Families that make the decision to care for their elderly parents while caring for their own children are considered __________.
A) to be crazy
B) a nursing home start-up company
C) a elderly family structure
D) a sandwich family structure
Q:
Megamergers affect the entire economy in that they __________.
A) decentralize capital
B) eliminate jobs
C) increase corporate debt
D) increase union membership
Q:
The sociological perspective is inherently __________ the individualistic emphasis in the United States.
A) challenging to
B) supportive of
C) combined with
D) intertwined with
Q:
The __________ of 1993 was designed to allow family members to take time to cope with life changes related to illness or childbirth without losing employment.
Q:
Angela was robbed three months ago and nobody was ever prosecuted for the crime. Angela was contacted to participate in the NCVS. Will Angela's robbery show up on her NCVS report?
A) No. The NCVS does not ask about property theft.
B) No. The NCVS only takes into account crimes that resulted in someone being put in jail.
C) Yes, if it was reported to the police.
D) Yes, even if it was not reported to the police.
Q:
By 2004, U.S. schools were finally less segregated than they were in the days of Brown v. Board of Education.
Q:
If a family consists of a beanpole structure, they are more likely to __________.
A) have three tiers of parent"child relationships
B) practice farming for a living
C) have families without grandchildren
D) have two parents and zero pets
Q:
Contrary to classical economic theory, capitalism is now dominated by huge corporations that __________.
A) act in the best interest of the majority of Americans
B) distribute wealth equally among managers and employees
C) respond to the demands of the market
D) control the demands of the market
Q:
The "paradox of sociology" includes __________.A) there being power in individuals and power in societies and social arrangementsB) there being only negative consequences to how societies are organizedC) the fact that things society cherishes are always liberating ethicalD) the fact that sociology has more answers but psychology is more popular
Q:
Since 1970, the percentage of all U.S. children living with a single parent has increased __________ percent.
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to show up in the Uniform Crime Report?
A) Tax fraud
B) Embezzlement
C) Bribery
D) Assault
Q:
Whereas cultural deficiency models blame inequality on the cultural values of the majority group, bias theories blame inequality on the minority groups' own prejudice and racism.
Q:
The proportion of the population who work compared to the proportion who do not work is called the __________.
A) informal economy
B) regressive tax system
C) dependency ratio
D) disengagement ratio
Q:
According to Marx, capitalism will produce a class of oppressed people called the __________, bent on destroying it.
A) plutocracy
B) proletariats
C) oligopoly
D) capitalists
Q:
Taking care of oneself and one's family and letting others take care of themselves is the principle of __________.
A) American individualism
B) promoting the common good
C) socialism
D) survival of the fittest
Q:
The vast majority of __________ families are dual earners.
Q:
Crimes that may offend the majority but do not harm other people, such as gambling, are called __________ crimes.
A) corporate
B) victimless
C) white-collar
D) blue-collar
Q:
Institutional racism refers to overt acts of racism by individuals that harm other individuals or their personal property.
Q:
Social Security is considered a regressive tax because __________.
A) people are more likely to be in ill health
B) it takes a larger percentage from people with lower incomes
C) long-term care expenses are universally paid by Obamacare
D) the government pays it for the citizens
Q:
Marx asserted that capitalism has within it the seeds of its own destruction because of __________.
A) the lack labor-saving technology
B) the inevitability of monopolies
C) centralized government control
D) control of the state by the majority
Q:
According to the text, sociologists are ________ by those in power.
A) respected
B) ignored
C) heeded
D) admired
Q:
Many immigrants who have come to the United States have come in __________.
Q:
What is the authors' explanation for the relationships between social class and the justice system?
A) The kinds of crimes listed by the FBI are those of the upper classes.
B) The police and others in the criminal justice system assume that upper-class people are criminal.
C) Economic deprivation may induce people to turn to crime to ease their situations.
D) People in the lower classes have social networks that help them to avoid detection and prosecution.
Q:
The Latino/a experience is uniformly the same for all.
Q:
Most elderly people are in reasonably good health, but aging can take a toll on finances because __________.
A) their medical expenses are three times greater than middle-aged adults
B) they cannot get Social Security benefits if they use Medicare
C) they have to pay monthly premiums for their Social Security benefits
D) health insurance is not available after the age of 60
Q:
According to Marx's theory of capitalism, the social class in power controls the economy primarily by __________.
A) military force
B) centralized governmental power
C) owning the means of production
D) controlling nearby countries
Q:
Sociologists understand the deterministic view to __________.
A) be the most complete understanding of society
B) be an organization set up to provide social services for the poor
C) be too strong.
D) mean that individuals cannot make a difference
Q:
In West County, African Americans had a high rate of intimate partner violence and a high rate of unemployment. After the recession ended and unemployment dropped, so did rates of intimate partner violence because __________.
A) the government institutes partner violence awareness campaigns at unemployment offices
B) African Americans have a culture which bonds them together during hard times and they dealt with the issue collectively
C) the relationship between race and intimate partner violence is completely determined by social class
D) women started working to support their husbands
Q:
The major benefit of using the NCVS is that __________.
A) people are more honest than the police
B) it targets only particular races of people
C) it includes crimes that occur regardless of whether police are involved
D) it takes into account the breaking of social norms that are not necessarily considered crimes
Q:
The U.S. census has always allowed people to identify themselves as belonging to more than one racial class.
Q:
U.S. citizens over the age of 65 are served by __________ for some of their health needs.
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) Seniorcare
D) Eldermed
Q:
The authors argue that many of the problems of U.S. society largely result from the __________.
A. maldistribution of power
B. conspiracy of the power elites
C. system being undermined by those who criticize it
D. system being undermined by the poor and disadvantaged
Q:
Individuals act alone or together, exercising their __________ to alter and transform social arrangements.
A) plutocracy
B) human agency
C) determinism
D) devolution
Q:
Knowing that a higher percentage of women of color (with the exception of Asian Americans) are likely to experience violence in a relationship means that we can conclude ____________.
A) that minorities are more violent
B) that minorities face more structural risk factors due to social class
C) that Asian Americans are nicer people than African Americans
D) that White people place more value on gender equality