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Q:
The __________to disability defines disability as primarily an individual issue.
Q:
Established and customary social arrangements that exclude on the basis of race are known as __________.
A) individual discrimination
B) institutional discrimination
C) cultural discrimination
D) individual racism
Q:
In the Cambodian rainforest, __________ has occurred due to the demand for high-quality oil extracted from the roots of trees.
Q:
Asserting that "the poor are poor because they are not bright enough to succeed" might be said by a __________.
A) social Darwinist
B) sociologist
C) person who focuses on institutionalized deviance
D) system blamer
Q:
The belief that the United States has the right to respond to danger with overwhelming force including nuclear weapons illustrates which tenet of the Bush Doctrine?
A) Regime change
B) Unbounded U.S. military superiority
C) The line in the sand
D) The spread of democracy
Q:
Which resources do working-class families share when wages are insufficient or unstable?
A) Babysitting
B) Private tutors
C) Vacations
D) Museum memberships
Q:
The phrase "__________," as opposed to "a disabled person," counteracts the problem of defining a person wholly by their disability.
Q:
"Institutional racism" refers to __________.
A) social processes that, intentionally or not, protect the advantages of the dominant group while maintaining the unequal position of the subordinate groups
B) overt acts of hostility by individuals intended to harm members of other racial and ethnic groups
C) differences in institutional benefits due to expanded opportunities for more qualified individuals
D) the belief that racial groups have innate intellectual differences
Q:
A movement known as __________ works to improve environments for communities.
Q:
Deviant people are treated as the cause of their own problems by which of the following approaches to studying social problems?
A) self-actualization
B) person-blame
C) system-blame
D) institutionalized deviance
Q:
The USA PATRIOT Act __________.
A) was enacted on the five-year anniversary of 9/11
B) allows greater reach of law enforcement and more oversight
C) allows citizens to be incarcerated on suspicion alone
D) justified the Iraq war
Q:
Mary and her family owned a house in the suburbs with two cars and sent their kids to private school. After she and her husband both lost their jobs they experienced __________ and now live in a two-bedroom apartment and rely on public transportation to get to and from their part-time work.
A) homelessness
B) a windfall
C) life chances
D) downward mobility
Q:
Only __________ percent of Americans with a disability were born with it.
Q:
"Cultural deficiency" theories explain racial subordination by positing that __________.
A) social opportunities affect groups in different ways
B) cultural groups have lifestyles and value systems that keep them from succeeding
C) God predetermines people's success in life
D) racial groups differ in intelligence
Q:
The United States discards __________ percent of the world's resources.
Q:
A person-blame approach advocates social programs that __________.
A) seek to control individual behavior
B) produce sweeping social change
C) reorganize social institutions
D) change long-held societal norms
Q:
Habeas corpus __________.
A) means suspected terrorists are presumed guilty until found innocent
B) prevents someone from being detained indefinitely without cause
C) keeps people in prison indefinitely
D) means "death by terrorist" in Latin
Q:
When a person born into a wealthy class ends up in a lower social class it is called __________.
A) horizontal mobility
B) upward mobility
C) downward mobility
D) nonfamily mobility
Q:
The disability rights movement, a social movement on its own, nevertheless benefitted from being part of the __________ era that saw major advancements for many minority groups.
A) progressive
B) civil rights
C) civil war
D) depression
Q:
"Biological deficiency" theories posit that __________.
A) God predetermines people's success in life
B) social opportunities affect groups in different ways
C) cultural groups have lifestyles and value systems that keep them from succeeding
D) genetic differences in intelligence separate racial groups
Q:
Over __________ pounds of toxic chemicals are released by industry into the nation's environment each year.
Q:
Relying too heavily on a system-blame approach is a problem because __________.
A) societal conditions are taken for granted and go unchallenged
B) it focuses on person-change rather than system-change
C) it directs blame at individuals and away from the system
D) it absolves individuals from responsibility for their actions
Q:
The Military Commissions Act of 2006 __________.
A) expands who can be considered an "enemy combatant"
B) allows no interrogation tactics
C) strengthens rules of evidence and due process
D) gave the United States a good reputation abroad
Q:
The breadwinner"homemaker pattern __________.
A) is the ideal family form according to social scientists
B) is related to social class
C) primarily occurs to immigrants and racial minorities
D) is required by law
Q:
Throughout history people have always exercised their own __________ to turn feelings of frustration into action to change a social structure and belief system. This is especially true for people with disabilities.
A) morals
B) agency
C) theories
D) civil rights
Q:
Overt acts by individuals that harm members of another race are called __________.
A) individual racism
B) institutional racism
C) racial formation
D) color blindness
Q:
On record, the hottest year on earth took place during the year __________.
Q:
Which of the following is a reason for using the system-blame approach in studying social problems?
A) Individual actors are the source of many social problems.
B) A balance is needed since most people in our society tend to blame institutions.
C) It is a necessary first step in restructuring society along more humane lines.
D) Citizens are eager for societal change.
Q:
In what way is the cost of the war in Iraq unevenly distributed?
A) Soldiers are more likely to come from upper-class backgrounds.
B) While waging the war, the government has increased taxes on the well-to-do.
C) The government has cut programs that help the poor to fund the war effort.
D) The poor have experienced food rationing to support the war effort.
Q:
Nick grew up with Daisy in an upper-class family but experienced __________ when his fortunes took a turn for the worse after a terrible automobile accident cost him everything.
A) class stratification
B) downward mobility
C) a family myth
D) classism
Q:
A group that develops an organization and tactics to promote or resist social change in society about a group or issue such as disability rights is called a __________.
A) hegemony
B) social movement
C) stigma
D) matrix of domination
Q:
__________ refers to discrimination that is built into the operation of social institutions, including the economy, schools, and the legal system.
A) Pluralism
B) Institutional racism
C) Affirmative action
D) Segregation
Q:
The __________ occurs when harmful gases accumulate in the atmosphere and act like a glass roof.
Q:
The person-blame approach assumes that social problems results from __________.
A) psychological conditions
B) social conditions
C) religious tradition
D) institutionalized deviance
Q:
Why has the U.S. war in Iraq met with difficulty?
A) The U.S. troops restored order too quickly.
B) The United States underestimated the depth of the divisions within the Iraqi population, especially between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims.
C) Much of Iraq's infrastructure was underutilized.
D) Very few of the Iraqis were allowed to come to the United States.
Q:
__________ is a myth about the institution of the family.
A) That the families of the past were largely unstable and full of conflict
B) That the breakdown of the family is not related to any of our current social problems
C) The family experience as a unified one with all members experiencing it the same
D) The dominance of the extended family living cohesively under one roof
Q:
More than a decade after the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act and other favorable legislation, the evidence is that __________.
A) the rates of unemployment and poverty among the disabled are lower than any other minority group
B) the rates of unemployment and poverty among the disabled remain the highest for any minority group
C) the unemployment rate for the disabled has greatly improved but the poverty rate stays high
D) the disabled have the same quality of life as the nondisabled
Q:
"Hispanic," "Arab," and "Asian American" are all examples of __________.
A) racial formations
B) dominant groups
C) racial profiles
D) indigenous groups
Q:
Solutions for environmental problems here in the United States, as suggested in the textbook, call for changes in both our personal lifestyles and our economic system.
Q:
According to social Darwinism, disadvantaged members of society __________.
A) do not have any control over their circumstances
B) are valuable parts of the community
C) deserve government welfare
D) deserve their fate
Q:
The United States began a preventive war against Iraq in 2003. The United States justified this action by claiming Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, __________.
A) had committed to helping the United States and then backed out
B) had connections with Russia
C) had weapons of mass destruction
D) was mentally unstable
Q:
Less than __________ percent of all households consist of married couples with children in which only the husband works.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 80
Q:
The media tend to __________.
A) treat the Americans with Disabilities Act as a regulatory issue rather than a human rights issue
B) be actively supportive of the disabled and the Americans with Disabilities Act
C) largely overlook the issues related to the Americans with Disabilities Act
D) carry a message that the Americans with Disabilities Act doesn"t go "far enough" in forcing businesses to comply
Q:
Malik is from Syria and has lived in the United States for over three decades. During that time, in a process known as __________, he has seen his racial category change from "Middle Easterner" to "Arab."
A) discrimination
B) racial formation
C) racial stratification
D) prejudice
Q:
The dominant cultural ideologies in U.S. society have tended to legitimize and rationalize our wastefulness.
Q:
Relying too heavily on a person-blame approach to social problems is a problem because __________.
A) it legitimizes the right to initiate system-change rather than person-change
B) societal conditions (such as norms that are racist, sexist, or homophobic) go unchallenged
C) it directs blame at the system and away from the individuals
D) it absolves individuals from responsibility for their actions
Q:
How is the war on terror different from a conventional war?
A) There is no formal army to fight.
B) There is a state to defeat.
C) There are decisive battles that will bring an end to the war.
D) The winners and losers are clear.
Q:
A family is __________.
A) a construct of meanings and relationships
B) any collection of people
C) a group that lives in the same home
D) a relatively modern social institution
Q:
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by __________.
A) President George W. Bush
B) President George H. W. Bush
C) President Ronald Reagan
D) President Bill Clinton
Q:
A group labeled as a "race" by the wider society and bound together by common social and economic conditions is a __________ group.
A) racial-ethnic
B) color-blind
C) majority
D) minority
Q:
According to the text, individualism refers to the fact that most Americans place great stress on personal achievement and believe that hard work will bring individual success.
Q:
The belief that the place of people in the stratification system is a function of their ability and effort refers to __________.
A) self-actualization
B) social Darwinism
C) the subjective nature of social problems
D) the objective nature of social problems
Q:
The Bush Doctrine has involved __________.
A) ensuring the United States has an unparalleled popular reputation around the world
B) the idea that other nations are either with the United States or against the United States
C) a 10-year cease fire on all Middle Eastern countries
D) widespread success
Q:
How and why have unions lost power? What may happen as a result?
Q:
The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law and __________.
A) it has been greatly strengthened since then
B) it has been strongly enforced ever since
C) it has been greatly weakened by setbacks since then
D) there has been no change in the strength of the law since then
Q:
Ethnic groups are distinctive partially on the basis of their __________.
A) shared experiences
B) skin color
C) culture
D) political views
Q:
An interest in protecting the fragile ecosystems is reflective of Americans' cornucopia view of nature.
Q:
Recidivism is the __________ crime.
A) reinvolvement in
B) retribution for
C) institutionalized deviance of
D) cultural deprivation of
Q:
Who was the only U.S. senator to vote against the PATRIOT Act?
A) Russ Feingold
B) Hillary Clinton
C) John McCain
D) Strom Thurmond
Q:
Describe the move from a manufacturing-based to a service-based economy and discuss its impact on American workers. What have we lost? What have we gained?
Q:
The ADA provided for __________.
A) only those with physical disabilities
B) accessible buildings
C) in-home assistance for everyone who needs it
D) employment quotas
Q:
__________ is the sociohistorical process by which races are continually being shaped and transformed.
A) Racial formation
B) Racial stratification
C) Racial-ethnic grouping
D) Environmental racism
Q:
Although there is often political division between the Democrats and Republicans, they all agree on the reasons for global climate change.
Q:
The assumption by the members of a group that the culture of some other group is not only inferior, but also deficient, is called __________.
A) system-blame
B) person-blame
C) cultural deprivation
D) sociological imagination
Q:
What is the majority population in Iraq?
A) Shiite
B) Kurdish
C) Sunni
D) Faisal
Q:
Describe contingent employment and discuss its impact on the lives of American workers. Would you like to work in this situation? Why or why not?
Q:
The disability rights movement has been successful in __________.
A) ensuring a free and appropriate public education and related services to children with disabilities
B) securing adequate political representation
C) eliminating discrimination against people with disabilities
D) eliminating stigma for people with disabilities
Q:
By the middle of the twenty-first century, minority groups will comprise about __________ percent of the U.S. population.
A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60
Q:
Even though the United States is the largest producer of solid waste among industrialized countries, it uses its advanced technology to recycle most of its used materials.
Q:
The system-blame approach assumes that social problems results from __________.
A) psychological conditions
B) social conditions
C) religious tradition
D) institutionalized deviance
Q:
The Geneva conventions date back to __________.
A) 1532
B) 1697
C) 1864
D) 1931
Q:
What are the characteristics of capitalism and socialism? Discuss the fundamental differences between the two economic forms.
Q:
Alexi is tired of getting rejected or going unnoticed at bars, clubs and other "normal" places where people meet and date. He has taken to reading the personal advertisements in disability publications in order to get around the culture of __________ that stigmatizes him and keeps him from being seen as an attractive partner for "normal" people.
A) ableism
B) hegemony
C) abortion
D) domination
Q:
Which of the following minority groups has the lowest life expectancy in the United States today?
A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Latino Americans
D) Native Americans
Q:
The greenhouse effect, while leading to increased temperatures in the temperate zones of the world, creates high-pressure conditions in polar regions that prevent the polar ice caps from melting.
Q:
The sociological imagination involves which of the following components?
A) A focus on your individual point of view
B) A focus on genetic determinants
C) A focus on social, economic, and historical circumstances
D) A focus on individual decision making
Q:
Most of the world's Muslims are __________.
A) Sunni
B) Shiite
C) Sufi
D) Kashmiri
Q:
Describe the condition referred to as capital flight and discuss the conditions that have caused it. How does capital flight precipitate globalization?
Q:
When disabled men experience stereotyping they __________.
A) may cope with their failure to live up to the hegemonic norms by being less competitive
B) tend to be treated as weak, pitiful, and dependent rather than being treated as strong, independent, and self-reliant
C) may reject society's standards by denying their disability
D) take on a feminine identity
Q:
Most Asian Americans are __________.
A) Japanese
B) Chinese
C) Korean
D) Vietnamese