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Q:
The fact that Lockheed Martin employs many people who either have or currently serve as high-ranking government officials is an example of __________.
A) a conflict of interest
B) a cold war
C) national security
D) terrorism
Q:
Nowadays, union workers make __________ than their nonunion peers.
Q:
The disabled are __________.
A) often rejected for insurance because of their "defects"
B) less likely to have lower annual incomes than those who do not have disabilities
C) not as likely to be unemployed
D) usually integrated into society with the exception of athletic events
Q:
According to the text, the poor can lift themselves out of poverty.
Q:
What environmental issue can be the result of increased production and increased consumption?
A) Decreasing levels of air pollution
B) Increasing amounts of resource depletion
C) Eradication of environmental classism
D) An abundance of new tree growth
Q:
In the most recent direction of the study of deviance, __________.
A) labeling people as abnormal has helped to clarify that they are the source of most social problems
B) it is understood that social structures contribute to the perpetuation of deviance
C) it is understood that deviants bring their problems on themselves
D) labeling is seen as irrelevant in creating and sustaining deviance
Q:
Which of the following is partly responsible for national security in the United States?
A) The Department of Homeland Security
B) The Central Intelligence Agency
C) NASA
D) The Immigration and Naturalization Service
Q:
__________ are substandard work environments where workers are paid less than minimum wage, are worked overtime without being paid premium rates, and are subjected to conditions that violate labor laws.
Q:
"Special education" has had the effect of __________.
A) giving the disabled a boost
B) separating children with disabilities from their "able" classmates
C) treating disabilities as being fixable
D) making those with disabilities more socially acceptable to their nondisabled peers
Q:
The costs associated with childhood poverty equal about $500 billion per year.
Q:
According to the text, a company that practices planned obsolescence would most likely __________.
A) decrease the manufacturing of products to have less of a negative impact on the environment
B) give their products superficial changes and market them as new
C) re-release the same products without making changes
D) stop creating new products and work with their current stock
Q:
The __________ nature of social problems illustrates that social problems vary by time, place, and definition.
A) economic
B) objective
C) political
D) subjective
Q:
The United States and its allies__________.
A) make sure to spend twice as much as "rogue states" on defense
B) account for about 80 percent of all military spending in the world
C) have significantly reduced spending since the end of the Cold War
D) spend about the same as Russia does on defense
Q:
The transformation of the economy has reduced the role of National Manufacturing, Inc., in favor of technology and pharmaceutical companies in a process known as __________.
Q:
Central to the idea of __________ is that hierarchies of class, race, gender, sexuality, and disability in which each of us exists are simply additive in terms of the inequality they produce.
A) the matrix of domination
B) hegemony
C) ableism
D) stigma
Q:
Check-cashing centers are barred from poor neighborhoods.
Q:
Most Americans regard human beings as having mastery over nature and believe that our responsibility is to __________.
A) be good environmental stewards
B) conquer it to our benefit
C) co-exist with the environment as it is
D) let nature control us
Q:
Half of the people in the world live on less than __________.
A) $0.25 a day
B) $0.50 a day
C) $1 a day
D) $2 a day
Q:
The United States has __________.
A) the world's smallest navy
B) the world's second largest air force
C) the world's most sophisticated weapons
D) an average size defense budget given its population
Q:
Compared to other __________ nations, Americans work more hours.
Q:
Facing a negative evaluation, being treated as different, and being treated as though there is a deficiency are all a part of being a __________.
A) part of the master class
B) master status
C) stigmatized "other"
D) person with a mental disability
Q:
The culture-of-poverty hypothesis is based on the belief that the poor have a deviant cultural pattern that is transmitted from generation to generation.
Q:
The cornucopia view of nature in America can lead to __________.
A) an interest in protecting the fragile ecosystems
B) a desire to be at one with the universe
C) a temptation to view nature as plentiful and ours to use as we wish
D) a renewed effort to conserve resources
Q:
Almost all the growth in the world's population by 2050 will take place in the __________.
A) poorest nations
B) wealthiest nations
C) United States
D) European Union
Q:
The U.S. Defense Department believes that __________.
A) future conflicts will be very similar to the conflicts of the past
B) the U.S. military has no humanitarian role to play; those things are best left to others
C) they must be actively prepared to combat cyberattacks
D) their importance will decline in the coming years as the world gets more peaceful
Q:
Between 2000 and 2010, the United States lost approximately 5.5 million __________ jobs.
Q:
Terms like "cripple," "gimp," and "retard" are examples of __________.
A) derogatory naming
B) impairment
C) ontological truth
D) master status
Q:
The hidden welfare system refers to government aid that goes to the non-poor in the form of tax loopholes, lower taxes, and tax avoidance by individuals; and direct subsidies and low-cost credit to corporations.
Q:
The dominant cultural ideologies in U.S. society have tended to __________.
A) legitimize decreasing profit
B) rationalize our wastefulness as part of our way of life
C) accept socialism as part of life
D) decrease our dependence on foreign oil
Q:
Based on the measures used in the text, which of the following is the most accurate?
A) A greater proportion of the government is run by women in the United States than in Scandinavian countries.
B) The United States was among the worst countries in the rate of deaths for children under age five.
C) Japan is the best country in the world in which to be a mother.
D) Women have it better in the United States than in any other country in the world.
Q:
The ways nations organize to protect themselves and guard against threats both internal and external is commonly referred to as __________.
A) national security
B) the defense budget
C) official development assistance
D) international law
Q:
Centralized planning is a component of __________.
Q:
__________ is a central component of rehabilitation under the social model of disability.
A) Removal of architectural or other physical barriers
B) Demonstrating that the disabled are fundamentally different people
C) Showing that stereotypes can actually be useful
D) Medication to improve the conditions of the disabled
Q:
The average recipient of government money is a poor person.
Q:
A person who holds the belief that nature is a vast and bountiful storehouse to be used by human beings would be considered to have a(n) __________.
A) environmental racist view
B) environmental classist view
C) environmental justice view
D) cornucopia view of nature
Q:
The United States, with about 4.5 percent of the world's population, consumes __________ of the world's energy.
A) one-third
B) one-fourth
C) one-half
D) three-fourths
Q:
__________ is a government justification for sustaining high levels of defense spending.
A) The fact that defense spending decreases taxes
B) The idea that we need to be so strong that we can help any persecuted people in the world
C) The concept of the world as an unsafe place even without the Soviet threat
D) The health of our infrastructure and education system
Q:
__________ believed an "invisible hand" would control the marketplace.
Q:
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was originally called the __________.
A) Education for all Handicapped Children Act
B) No Child Left Behind Act
C) Education for All Act
D) Children with Disabilities Education Act
Q:
The number of those who are severely poor is on the rise.
Q:
Strategies to maximize profits by designing products with a limited, useful life or making superficial changes to existing products so that the previous product seems out of date are examples of __________.
A) profit sharing
B) planned obsolescence
C) environmental racism
D) structural-functionalism
Q:
Emergency food requests and people seeking emergency shelter are __________.
A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) staying the same
D) not currently studied
Q:
Which of the following does the United States consider a "rogue state"?
A) Cuba
B) Chile
C) Russia
D) Saudi Arabia
Q:
Mary, an African American domestic worker, harbors resentment toward Hispanics because she fears they will take her job if she asks for higher wages or misses work for some reason. This racial tension is a consequence of the fact that racial minorities disproportionately make up __________.
A) the employed sector of society
B) the reserve army of the unemployed
C) recent immigrants
D) those in power
Q:
Discrimination in favor of the able-bodied is known as __________.
A) disabilaphobia
B) the able-bodied advantage
C) handicappism
D) ableism
Q:
Women from all socioeconomic, racial, and cultural groups are equally at risk for poverty.
Q:
If an owner of a company that produces a lot of waste wants to be able to keep polluting, what, according to the text, is that owner's best strategy?
A) Lobby and otherwise use the political system to ensure regulations are lax
B) Realize the pollution is too damaging, take responsibility for causing the pollution, and pay for the cleanup.
C) Do nothing.
D) Only pollute at night when fewer people will notice
Q:
As the percentage of the U.S. residents who are over 65 years old increases, the divide between workers who support the old with payroll taxes will have a racial dimension because the elderly will be overwhelmingly __________.
A) African American
B) Asian
C) Latin American
D) White
Q:
The government's spending plan for maintaining and upgrading the military defenses of the United States is __________.
A) the Cold War
B) national security
C) the defense budget
D) the Bush Doctrine
Q:
Mark works in a large, bureaucratic organization with stable production and sales. It is likely that Mark works in the __________.
A) primary sector
B) secondary sector
C) dual sector
D) segmented sector
Q:
A status that has exceptional importance for social identity and overshadows other statuses is a __________.
A) stigma
B) matrix of domination
C) master status
D) social movement
Q:
Almost 10 percent of Non-Hispanic Whites are in poverty.
Q:
The sharing of knowledge by members of a society exists in a(n) __________.
A) environmental justice league
B) biosphere
C) culture
D) ecosystem
Q:
Which nation spends the most on national security?
A) Russia
B) China
C) India
D) The United States
Q:
Bill works in a dimly lit factory where he is exposed to toxic chemicals and gets paid very little for working low hours. Bill works in __________.
A) a sweatshop
B) the primary labor market
C) the IT industry
D) a managerial job
Q:
While Zek sees the point in rehabilitation to help people learn to deal with their own disability, his thoughts are more in line with a(n) __________ approach to disability which focuses rehabilitation on removing barriers to participation because he thinks the problem resides outside of the individual.
A) medical model
B) individual
C) ontological
D) social model
Q:
Summary statistics about poverty rates among various racial groups mask the differences within groups.
Q:
The major underlying sources of our present environmental problems are __________.
A) government legislators
B) corporate executives
C) beyond our control
D) the culture and structure of our society
Q:
In 2009, there were __________ members of the guard and reserve in the United States.
A) 2,848,000
B) 1,454,515
C) 848,000
D) 500,000
Q:
John works on an assembly line in a big warehouse for a manager where he has little control over the work he does or the products he produces. John is at a high risk for __________.
A) alienation
B) Taylorism
C) gentrification
D) downward social mobility
Q:
Marcy is an academic who believes that disability should be treated as a difference with value rather than as a difference with defect. She comes from a __________ approach.
A) matrix of domination
B) a hegemonic
C) disability studies
D) political sociology
Q:
One of the primary ways that people without insurance access healthcare is by using __________ medical services that are less efficient and more costly.
Q:
Which of the following can be considered a structural source of environmental problems?
A) the socialist economy
B) the greenhouse effect
C) the system of stratification
D) the destruction of rainforests
Q:
__________ is/are one of the major challenges to the United States.
A) Russia
B) WMDs
C) Saddam Hussein
D) Immigration
Q:
Matt has not actively sought work for over a month since losing his job last year. He is no longer counted as unemployed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, instead being classified as a __________.
A) displaced worker
B) discouraged worker
C) member of the reserve army of the unemployed
D) sunset worker
Q:
Marek points to the fact that when someone is disabled the existence of his/her condition is undeniable as evidence for his argument that disability is primarily an individual, medical issue. Marek's argument relies on the notion of disability as a(n) __________.
A) matrix of domination
B) hegemonic structure
C) ontological truth
D) social discrimination
Q:
A cultural inferiority argument is a type of __________ theory.
Q:
Creating demands (needs) for products where no actual need exists contributes directly to __________.
A) environmental sensitivity
B) overconsumption
C) technological advancement
D) tighter government regulations
Q:
In 2011 there were about __________ active military personnel in the U.S. armed forces.
A) 1,400,000
B) 848,000
C) 678,025
D) 451,000
Q:
The division of labor between the sexes __________.
A) motivates women to work harder and get better educations
B) preserves the differential power, privilege, and prestige of men
C) distributes work more evenly based on ability and not gender
D) contributes to racism
Q:
Mark has a reduced ability to perform normal tasks. This is exacerbated by the individual and institutional discrimination he encounters because he cannot engage in normal activities. Mark has a __________.
A) impairment
B) disability
C) stigma
D) master status
Q:
__________ refers to the theory that the poor are poor because societal structures limit their opportunities.
Q:
The capitalist economy contributes to the present environmental problems in the following way:
A) it encourages overconsumption.
B) it is not dependent on frugality.
C) it does not demand the maximization of profit.
D) it uses a system of decreased materialism.
Q:
Discuss the history of efforts to provide universal healthcare in the United States. What political tactics have been deployed to oppose universal healthcare? Why did healthcare reform finally pass now?
Q:
Sweatshops are substandard work environments where workers are subject to __________.
A) being paid minimum wage
B) working regular shift schedules
C) being paid premium rates for working overtime
D) working under conditions that violate labor laws
Q:
Mental retardation is an example of a __________.
A) matrix of domination
B) physical disability
C) social disability
D) master status
Q:
__________ occurs when the customary ways of doing things, the prevailing attitudes and expectations, and the accepted structural arrangements in society disadvantage the poor.
Q:
The policy of planned obsolescence by many U.S. companies accomplishes the goal of consumption, but it __________.
A) is not valued by American culture
B) does not allow for the mass production of goods
C) offers little in the development of materialism
D) overlooks the problems of disposal
Q:
Explain the differences among the three forms of government-financed health insurance. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Which one does our current healthcare reform, The Affordable Health Care Act, most resemble?
Q:
Efforts to increase worker efficiency by breaking down work into very specialized tasks and working with an assembly line production mentality is central to the concept of __________.
A) sweatshops
B) the dual labor market
C) scientific management
D) capital flight