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Q:
The __________ approach to disability defines disability in terms of some physiological impairment, either mental or physical, such as an inability to walk or function with adequate mental capacity due either to genetics or accident.
A) social
B) medical
C) paralegal
D) parasocial
Q:
The poor pay __________ than the non-poor for many goods and services.
Q:
According to the text, what do Americans believe about technology in relation to environmental problems?A) Technologicals answers to environmental problems can and will be developed.B) Technology works ultimately to attain harmony with nature.C) Technology is the source of environmental problems.D) Technology cannot solve environmental problems.
Q:
How does gender affect health? Explain the intersection of the biological and the social aspects of women's health.
Q:
The economic shift from manufacturing to service has resulted in __________.
A) the loss of jobs that pay well
B) more opportunities for a middle-class lifestyle
C) an increased standard of living
D) a strengthening of unions
Q:
A(n) __________, like disability, is a universal and undeniable reality.
A) stigma
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological truth
Q:
The new poor are __________ off than the old poor.
Q:
The location of U.S. cities has impacted the environment of __________.
A) rivers and lakes
B) rainforests
C) polar glaciers
D) plant decomposition
Q:
Identify and discuss the health consequences that are related to racial minorities' healthcare coming primarily from hospital emergency rooms and outpatient clinics.
Q:
Unemployed people who want to work but whose presence tends to depress the wages of other workers and keep them from making demands on their employers are known as __________.
A) discouraged workers
B) displaced workers
C) the reserve army of the unemployed
D) sunset workers
Q:
The Union of Physically Impaired against Segregation advocates viewing disability through the lens of the __________ model.
A) medicentric
B) legal
C) social
D) medical
Q:
The census generally __________ the number of poor.
Q:
The U.S. system of capitalism depends on __________.
A) the socioeconomic equality of citizens
B) the maximization of profit
C) the decrease of overconsumption
D) improvement of the environment
Q:
Explain what may contribute to the disparities found in the United States with regard to AIDS.
Q:
In a bureaucratic hierarchy, each person in the chain's hierarchy relays orders to and takes responsibility for the actions of those __________ while following orders from those __________.
A) below; above
B) above; below
C) below; below
D) above; above
Q:
According to the __________ approach to disability, people with disabilities are oppressed by societal views of normality.
A) legal
B) medical
C) educational
D) social
Q:
The _________ are people living at or below half the poverty line.
Q:
Which of the following cultural values contributes to environmental problems?
A) Freedom of speech
B) Faith in religion
C) Socialism
D) Faith in Technology
Q:
The Obama healthcare plan is a good example of socialism.
Q:
Marx felt that when people are separated from each other, from themselves, and from the products they create they are experiencing __________.
A) alienation
B) outsourcing
C) contingent employment
D) capital flight
Q:
According to the social model of disability, the consequence of having the power to define who will be classified as disabled results in the __________of the disabled.
A) empowerment
B) marginalization
C) normalization
D) integration
Q:
Women are __________ likely than men to be among the working poor.
Q:
Which of the following is a dominant cultural value contributing to environmental problems?
A) The belief in equality for all
B) The belief in community owned land
C) The cornucopia view of nature
D) The belief that farming land must be rotated
Q:
President Obama was the first president to try to adopt a universal healthcare system in this country.
Q:
Scientific management has an emphasis on __________.
A) employee governance
B) efficiency
C) high wages
D) good products
Q:
The __________ approach to disability does not define disability in medical terms, instead opting to focus on structural conditions present in the world.
A) social
B) medical
C) detrimental
D) parasocial
Q:
__________ refers to a standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet, health, and shelter.
Q:
In relation to environmental problems, Americans have __________.
A) disproportionately consumed the world's resources
B) been the least wasteful of the world's resources
C) decreased their dependency on oil since 1965
D) only used American sources of environmental resources
Q:
A "single-payer plan" refers to a privately funded healthcare program in which profit for stockholders and payment of stock dividends is the primary motive.
Q:
The main goal of scientific management is to __________.
A) have employees feel more satisfied with their work assignments
B) provide better customer service
C) speed up production
D) decrease worker efficiency
Q:
The way people with able bodies view people with disabilities and the institutionalization of these views are central concerns of the __________.
A) psychological model
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological model
Q:
In order to eliminate poverty, some assumptions have to change, including assuming that __________.
A) poverty is a structural issue that cannot be fixed with a better economy or more personal responsibility
B) poverty is an isolated problem
C) poverty can be fixed with a concentrated charity effort
D) the government can do very little to alleviate poverty
Q:
The manufacturing industry contributes to air pollution, and passenger cars __________.
A) have been seen as the only remedy to the issue
B) have been designed not to emit carbon dioxide
C) are permitted by law to emit more pollutants than the manufacturing industry
D) also emit dangerous gases into the environment
Q:
Since, as the government has confirmed, women were intentionally left out of earlier federally funded medical research, diseases that are more likely to strike women and the treatments that might affect women differently have largely been overlooked.
Q:
__________ is a demographic trend that marks the current period in the economy.
A) The overall growth of the working population
B) A disproportionate representation of Whites in tenuous employment
C) A greater increase of men in the workforce
D) The concentration of high-paying jobs in the manufacturing sector
Q:
The __________ defines disability in terms of some physiological impairment due to genetics, accident, or disease.
A) psychological model
B) individual approach to disability
C) social model of disability
D) ontological model
Q:
The concentration of poverty __________.
A) typically does not affect the rest of society
B) is very rare in the United States
C) is linked to health and education problems
D) is rarely considered a social problem
Q:
Environmental researchers argue that climate change on this planet could result in __________.
A) an increase in temperature and in weather extremes
B) the increased freezing of the polar ice caps.
C) a decrease in sea level
D) more favorable weather conditions
Q:
The number of people diagnosed with AIDS in the United States began to decline primarily because of the expansion of free needle programs for drug addicts.
Q:
The unemployment rate for African Americans is __________ the rate for Whites.
A) at least twice as high as
B) about the same as
C) half
D) three-quarters
Q:
The U.S. federal government largely defines disability from the __________ model.
A) social
B) paramedical
C) paralegal
D) individual
Q:
The infant mortality rate in some poor urban neighborhoods __________.
A) exceeds the rates in developing countries
B) is equal to the rates in developing countries
C) is less than the rates in developing countries
D) is the same as in the suburbs
Q:
Which of the following could be seen as a major cause for recent environmental justice movements?
A) The creation of hybrid automobiles
B) Corporations illegally dumping hazardous waste
C) The reduction of planned obsolescence
D) The creation of non-aerosol spray cans
Q:
Males are less likely to be in automobile accidents, use illegal drugs and cigarettes, and take risky jobs than females.
Q:
The division of the economy into one sector with stable and secure working conditions and another sector with marginal working conditions and low wages is called __________.
A) sweatshops
B) the dual labor market
C) alienation
D) contingent employment
Q:
The individual model of disability is also known as the __________ model of disability.
A) social
B) paramedical
C) paralegal
D) medical
Q:
Karl believes that poverty is inherent in capitalism. The drive for profit works to ensure that some people will always be poor, he says. This is known as __________.
A) structural theory
B) institutional discrimination theory
C) a culture-of-poverty hypothesis
D) a political economy approach to poverty
Q:
Sociologists argue that although the expansion of the economy and globalization creates jobs and products, it also __________.
A) benefits our ecosystem
B) has an environmental downside
C) creates more farmable land across the planet
D) takes away from the ability to create profit
Q:
The quality of services provided under Medicaid, which is government health insurance for the very poor, is the same in every state across the country.
Q:
A problem associated with a segmented labor market is that __________.
A) placement in a segment is unrelated to social class
B) work in the secondary sector is so inadequately paid that many full-time workers live in poverty
C) the segmented labor market is inherently egalitarian
D) men are confined to just a few sectors of the economy
Q:
Disabled people often encounter which of the following responses?
A) Being celebrated
B) Being integrated
C) Being patronized
D) Being revered
Q:
Bill does not believe the poor individually have less motivation, but does see that there are certain traits, beliefs, and habits they engage in which keep them poor and unable to move forward. Bill is a proponent of __________.
A) structural theory
B) institutional discrimination theory
C) a culture-of-poverty hypothesis
D) a political economy approach to poverty
Q:
A sociologist would argue that most environmental problems are __________.
A) socially created
B) naturally created
C) beyond our control
D) created by the divine
Q:
Among rich industrialized societies, the most equal societies are the healthiest.
Q:
__________ has led to the decline of unions.
A) The lack of transformation in the economy
B) High support from the government
C) Businesses trying to prevent the formation of unions
D) The historical ineffectiveness of unions to improve working conditions
Q:
__________ of Americans have some form of impairment, and the probability of disability increases for everyone with age.
A) Almost 4 percent
B) About 10 percent
C) Over 20 percent
D) Over 30 percent
Q:
Mark takes the position that poverty is caused not by individuals, but rather by institutions that are arranged to ensure that some groups of people remain poor while others thrive. Mark expresses a point of view in line with __________ theory.
A) deficiency
B) structural
C) institutional
D) conflict
Q:
The plants, animals, and microorganisms that supply people with the essentials of life make up Earth's __________.
A) biospheres
B) ecosystems
C) greenhouses
D) planned obsolescence
Q:
Under managed care, the healthcare of patients has been taken out of the hands of hospitals and medical associations and left for doctors and their patients to manage.
Q:
A substandard working environment where labor laws are violated is called a __________.
A) sunset industry
B) sunrise industry
C) sweatshop
D) outsourcing
Q:
Discuss some of the occupational barriers faced by homosexuals. Are these legal? Why would someone want to discriminate against gays in the workplace?
Q:
Kyle believes that success in the world is a result of one's own ability and social class is the result of hard work and sacrifice. Kyle believes the world is characterized by __________.
A) a meritocracy
B) a bell curve
C) a culture of poverty
D) institutional discrimination
Q:
The biosphere of the planet includes the surface layer as well as the surrounding __________.
A) atmosphere
B) seasphere
C) cosmosphere
D) lunasphere
Q:
The decline in the total number of hospitals and hospital beds is in large part the result of lower demand that can be traced to greatly improved preventive healthcare.
Q:
__________ is a common occupational danger that plagues workers today.
A) Seasonal Affective Disorder
B) Cancer
C) ADHD
D) Emphysema
Q:
Discuss the Judeo-Christian view of homosexuality and how that ideology has affected church policy toward gays and lesbians. Use examples.
Q:
After looking at all of the evidence of underachievement, Karen comes to the conclusion that the poor must be lacking in some innate ability and are thus destined to remain poor. Her views are in line with __________ theories.
A) deficiency
B) structural
C) institutional
D) conflict
Q:
Most __________ advocates attempt to improve community environments by eliminating toxic hazards.
A) environmental racism
B) environmental classism
C) environmental justice
D) cornucopia naturists
Q:
All things considered, women receive __________ quality healthcare than men.
Q:
Alienation and the resultant feeling of work being meaningless is a problem theorized by __________.
A) Emile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Erving Goffman
D) Karl Marx
Q:
How are gay men's and lesbians' relationships similar? How are they different? What accounts for these differences? Are they better or worse?
Q:
Which of the following is a form of institutional discrimination that adversely affects the poor?
A) Most good jobs require a college degree, and the poor receive financial aid.
B) Most college scholarships go to the best-performing schools, and poor children most often do not perform well in school.
C) Government grants for college, which provide sufficient money to allow anyone to go to college if they want, are often rejected by the poor because of their distrust of the government.
D) Low-end jobs, for which the wealthy are most qualified because they lack education, pay low wages so that the poor have no way to improve their conditions.
Q:
Politicians do not agree on whether or not humans cause global warming, but environmentalists argue that human wastefulness and excessive gas in the environment leads to __________.
A) acid reflux disease
B) the greenhouse photochemical
C) the greenhouse effect
D) a pain in the gas
Q:
Poor pregnant women going without prenatal care is an example of the way that __________ impacts health care.
Q:
According to Marx, when workers do not have any control over their labor, they experience __________.
A) improved productivity
B) alienation
C) greater satisfaction
D) less stress
Q:
Distinguish between the concepts "sexual preference" and "sexual orientation." Which term does the best job of explaining the reality of homosexuals?
Q:
Which of the following is a critique of the culture-of-poverty hypothesis?
A) That it fails to consider that the behaviors described are a result of adaptation to poverty
B) That it blames poverty on mental capacity
C) That it blames the victims of poverty for their situations
D) That it fails to acknowledge that the poor are poor by choice
Q:
If a pharmaceutical company decides to move all of its labs from suburban communities because of complaints, and relocates them to poorer communities where they assume people will not complain or have the political backing to force them to move, this would be an example of __________.
A) environmental racism
B) environmental destruction
C) ecological Armageddon
D) environmental inequality
Q:
Even when the poor and/or __________ have access to medical care, they do not receive the same quality of care.
Q:
Brian's mother and father both lost their jobs in 2010 and could not afford to make the payments on a house that was worth less than what they paid for it. When the house was foreclosed on, they had nowhere to live. They are part of the __________.
A) new homeless
B) destitute class
C) working class
D) alienated masses