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Anthropology
Q:
_______ is a site in southern France dated to 28,000 years ago. Fossil material from this site became the archetype for Upper Paleolithic Europeans.
a. Skhūl
b. La Chapelle-aux-Saints
c. Cro-Magnon
d. Qafzeh
e. Zhoukoudian
Q:
Recent genetic evidence confirms that some interbreeding took place between Neandertals and H. sapiens sometime between 80,000 and 50,000.
Q:
Neandertals are a fully separate biological species from modern humans and therefore theoretically incapable of fertilely interbreeding with modern people.
Q:
When African migrants came into contact with premodern humans living in Eurasia, some interbreeding occurred.
Q:
Genetic evidence suggests that Neandertal DNA is remarkably similar to modern humans.
Q:
The evolutionary roots of Neandertals are shrouded in mystery because there are no fossils from western Europe.
Q:
Different stone tool industries coexisted in some areas for long periods during the Middle Pleistocene.
Q:
Premodern Homo sapiens continued to live in caves and open-air sites, but may also have increased their use of caves.
Q:
The premodern human fossils from Africa and Europe are more similar to each other than they are to the hominids from Asia.
Q:
Chinese archaeologists point out that Chinese premodern H. sapiens specimens show no indications of genetic continuity with modern H. sapiens from China.
Q:
The Gran Dolina human remains are definitely Homo erectus.
Q:
Homo heidelbergensis refers to finds from China dating to between 850,000 and 200,000 years ago.
Q:
The main effect of fluctuating climates in Africa during the Pleistocene was to change rainfall patterns.
Q:
The sum of the genetic, fossil, and archaeological evidence suggests that Neandertals
a. are closely related to modern humans
b. are a fully separate biological species
c. were probably incapable of fertilely interbreeding with modern humans
d. represent several points in the dynamic process of speciation
e. were not successful hominins
Q:
The Middle Pleistocene humans are morphologically
a. diverse and broadly dispersed throughout time and space
b. diverse but not broadly dispersed throughout time and space
c. similar and broadly dispersed throughout time and space
d. similar and not broadly dispersed throughout time and space
e. similar and broadly dispersed through time, but not space
Q:
One interpretation of the genetic evidence is that the intermixing of the Neandertal and the modern human lineages
a. never occurred
b. occurred between 2 million and 1 million years ago
c. occurred between 80,000 and 50,000 years ago
d. occurred between 690,000 and 550,000 years ago
e. will be impossible to determine.
Q:
The genetic evidence from Neandertal remains that is used in studying most Neandertal fossils is in the form of
a. ribosomal information
b. nuclear DNA
c. mtDNA
d. all of these
e. a and b only
Q:
Supposed grave goods found in Neandertal burials
a. have been cited as evidence for Neandertal symbolic behavior
b. include bone and stone tools, along with animal bones
c. are found less consistently and in less concentrations than earlier hominin sites
d. suggest the presence of language
e. are not significant as evidence of intentional behavior.
Q:
The evidence of deliberate burial of the dead by Neandertal is found at all the following except
a. Sima de los Huesos
b. Tabun
c. Kabwe
d. La Chapelle
e. Kebara
Q:
Mousterian culture evidences all of the following except
a. more complex burials, with the body's position deliberately modified
b. use of pigment, perhaps as body decoration, and jewelry
c. natural pigments deliberately applied to shells and animal bones
d. clear distinctions between Neandertals and early modern humans.
e. An expanded range of foods to include marine resources
Q:
Since abundant remains of animal bones are found at their sites paleoanthropologists have described Neandertals as
a. successful hunters and therefore efficient mastodon hunters.
b. successful small game hunters, but not necessarily as successful large game hunters as modern humans.
c. never gathering shellfish.
d. less prone to head and neck injuries.
e. possessing long-distance weaponry.
Q:
The Mousterian stone tool tradition
a. was developed by Homo erectus.
b. is associated with Neandertals only.
c. is found in Asia only.
d. is found in Western Europe only.
e. is not always associated with just Neandertals, since sometimes it is found with modern humans.
Q:
Which is not true about the Teshik-Tash remains?
a. They show evidence of hybridization.
b. The remains are a child not considered at first to be clearly a Neandertal.
c. They include tools of the Mousterian industry.
d. They have recently been evaluated using DNA analysis.
e. They demonstrate dispersion to central Asia.
Q:
What is the term for the stone tool technology most often associated with the Neandertals that extended across Europe and North Africa, into the former Soviet Union, Israel, Iran, central Asia and possibly China?
a. Mousterian
b. Middle Paleolithic
c. Early Paleolithic
d. Denisovian
e. Oldowan
Q:
Shanidar cave is extraordinary in that an individual in the burial
a. is the only Neandertal remains found Israel.
b. evidences a skull having received a crushing blow, probably causing blindness, and a blow to the right side rendering the right arm useless.
c. is without the right lower arm and hand, demonstrating the results of poor preservation.
d. is an ancient member of an extinct social group in Iraq.
e. lived to approximately 80 years of age.
Q:
The Neandertal site in Croatia that has produced hominin remains showing the full suite of classic Neandertal morphology is
a. La Chapelle-aux-Saints
b. Krapina
c. Shanidar
d. Arago Cave
e. Broken Hill
Q:
There is some evidence to suggest that Neandertals accomplished all of the following except
a. experienced injuries while hunting
b. had language capabilities equivalent to modern humans
c. buried their dead
d. were capable of symbolic behavior
e. adapted to a cold environment
Q:
Upper Paleolithic stone tools were found at the French Neandertal site of St. Csaire, dated to _______ years ago.
a. 75,000
b. 50,000
c. 100,000
d. 35,000
e. 65,000
Q:
The La Chapelle-aux-Saints skeleton is not a typical Neandertal
a. and therefore not considered to be a Neandertal.
b. because it represents what is most likely a deliberate burial.
c. because is that of an older male.
d. because, as a specimen, it is a nearly complete skeleton.
e. because the individual not only had arthritis of the spine but evidences an extreme in the Neandertal range of variation.
Q:
Neandertal skeletal remains indicate that they extended their range to the east, far into Central Asia, but as yet no remains have been found in
a. Israel
b. Southern Siberia
c. Iraq
d. Uzbekistan
e. China
Q:
Some Neandertal physical characteristics may have arisen as adaptations to a ______ environment.
a. humid
b. hot
c. cold
d. tropical
e. high altitude
Q:
Neandertal crania are characterized by which of the following?
a. small, flat faces
b. the absence of brow ridges
c. a rounded, smooth occipital area like that seen in modern humans
d. a vertical forehead like that seen in modern humans
e. a projecting midface
Q:
Neandertal brain size
a. was smaller, on average, than that of modern humans
b. was larger, on average, than that of modern humans
c. was smaller, on average, than that of Homo erectus
d. averaged about 2,500 cm3
e. averaged about 1,100 cm3
Q:
The majority of Neandertal fossils been found in _____________where they have been most studied.
a. South America
b. Asia
c. India
d. Africa
e. Europe
Q:
Neandertal fossil remains have been found to reach as far back as ________ years ago.
a. 100,000
b. 500,000
c. 65,000
d. 10,000
e. 130,000
Q:
Upper Pleistocene premodern Homo sapiens that have their evolutionary roots in western Europe include
a. Homo sapiens sapiens
b. anatomically modern humans
c. Neandertals
d. Homo ergaster
e. late Homo erectus
Q:
African sites evidencing Neandertal fossils include
a. Olduvai Gorge
b. Broken Hill
c. Laetoli
d. Tabun
e. Shanidar Cave
Q:
Some assumptions about the hunting capabilities of premodern humans have been challenged by an interesting archaeological find at Schningen. What did they find?
a. a bow and arrow
b. wood spears
c. 4000 nodules from which spear points were struck
d. Use of fire
e. large flakes struck using the Levallois technique
Q:
Remains evidencing Middle Pleistocene culture indicate that premodern Homo sapiens
a. did not build temporary structures
b. did not exploit different food sources
c. had not learned to exploit marine resources
d. presumably hunted large animals, perhaps horses
e. lived in caves but not open air sites
Q:
The tool technology of premodern Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene
a. carried over from the Acheulian tools of Homo erectus with little change until near the end of the period
b. continued to be mainly the Oldowan tradition
c. incorporated the sophisticated use of bone
d. discontinued the use of stone flakes
e. was the Levallois technique in Southwest Asia
Q:
Chinese paleoanthropologists argue that Asian premodern human fossils evidence both earlier and later characteristics. The more ancestral traits include
a. very large cranial capacities
b. a sagittal ridge
c. less flattened nasal bones
d. thin walls of the braincase
e. features that unquestionably substantiate that anatomically modern migrants from Africa displaced local populations
Q:
Dated to approximately 500,000-400,000 years ago, the site of______________has yielded a sample of 4,000 fossil fragments representing about twenty-eight premodern Homo sapiens individuals, more than 80% of all Middle Pleistocene hominin remains in the world.
a. Ehringsdorf
b. Sima de los Huesos
c. Steinheim
d. Swanscombe
e. Petralona
Q:
Evidence of Premodern Homo sapiens crania that show possible evidence of cannibalism in the form of cut marks is represented at
a. Broken Hill
b. Tabun
c. Bodo
d. La Chapelle
e. Swanscombe
Q:
Kabwe, Bodo, Florisbad, Elandsfontein and Laetoli are sites that evidence premodern Homo sapiens and are located in
a. Europe
b. Africa
c. Central Asia
d. China
e. Iraq
Q:
Dating too about 850,000 years ago, human fossils from Gran Dolina are placed within Homo
a. erectus
b. habilis
c. neanderthalensis
d. antecessor
e. heidelbergensis
Q:
Africa sites evidence premodern H. sapien fossils that range from _________ years ago.
a. 200,000
b. 400,000
c. 100,000
d. 600,000
e. 35,000
Q:
Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest premodern Homo sapiens exhibit
a. a lower forehead
b. a more angled occipital region
c. a smaller average cranial capacity
d. a more rounded braincase
e. a less vertical nose
Q:
What can be said about the dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins?
a. Discoveries of their presence come from North America
b. For the first time Europe became more permanently and densely occupied
c. Presence in Asia is noticeably lacking
d. Unlike their H. erectus predecessors they were widely distributed in the Old World
e. Africa was no longer a central area of hominin occupation
Q:
During glacial peaks, much of western Europe would have been
a. cut off from the rest of Eurasia
b. covered with desert
c. covered with rain forests
d. unaffected
e. glacial peaks did not occur outside of Africa
Q:
During glacial periods, the climate in Africa became
a. colder
b. warmer
c. more arid
d. more humid
e. subzero
Q:
The ________ epoch has been called the "Ice Age."
a. Pleistocene
b. Paleocene
c. Pliocene
d. Miocene
e. Eocene
Q:
The Middle Pleistocene began about _____ years ago and ended______years ago.
a. 125,000, 780,000
b. 500,000, 125,000
c. 10,000, 7,000
d. 780,000, 125,000
e. 180,000, 100,000
Q:
Paleoanthropologists consider__________________ to be the immediate predecessors to modern Homo sapiens.
a. premodernHomo sapiens
b. anatomically modernHomo sapiens
c. late modernHomo erectus
d. Homo heidelbergensis from sites in Iraq
e. Individuals represented during the Early Pleistocene
Q:
It now appears likely that cultural traditions relating to stone tool technology were largely equivalent over the full geographical range of H. erectus and its contemporaries.
Q:
H. erectus was the first species with a cranial capacity approaching H. sapiens.
Q:
The Dmanisi cranial remains show that the very early European specimens had large brains.
Q:
All archaeologists agree that Homo erectus appears to have been an efficient big game hunter who rarely gathered wild plant foods.
Q:
The Acheulian biface or "hand axe" is a basic tool of the Acheulian tradition.
Q:
An analysis of the WT 15000 specimen suggests it would only have been about 4 feet tall at maturity.
Q:
New evidence from Zhoukoudian cave has substantiated the long held notion that Homo erectus used controlled fire.
Q:
Given the newest dates for the Ngandong Homo erectus material on Java, it is possible that Homo erectus could have existed contemporaneously with Homo sapiens.
Q:
Kamaya Kimeu discovered the most complete Homo erectus at Zhoukoudian.
Q:
The mean cranial capacity for Homo erectus is 900 cm3
Q:
A nuchal torus refers to the projection of bone on the top of the cranium which is very common among Homo erectus.
Q:
All analyses have shown that Homo erectus hominins represent a different hominin than their more ancient African predecessors.
Q:
The Homo erectus site in Europe that has given paleoanthropologists a unique look at the first possible Homo erectus travelers from East Africa to Southeast Asia is
a. Zhoukoudian
b. Lantian
c. Ceprano
d. Nariokotome
e. Dmanisi
Q:
Evidence for animal butchering is
a. lacking in Homo erectus sites
b. found only in African Homo erectus sites
c. found only in Asian Homo erectus sites
d. widespread in Homo erectus sites
e. found only at Dmanisi
Q:
Bifacially flaked tools characterize the _______ stone tool industry.
a. Oldowan
b. Acheulian
c. Shewlian
d. Osteodontokeratic
e. Northern Asian
Q:
The term Homo ergaster
a. was suggested to be used to refer to African Homo erectus specimens
b. was suggested to be used to refer to Asian Homo erectus specimens
c. is fully accepted by all paleoanthropologists
d. was initially proposed by Eugene Dubois
e. refers to later H. erectus specimens
Q:
The most complete Homo erectus skeleton found to date is the Nariokotome specimen, which includes
a. facial bones and pelvis
b. facial bones, pelvis and most of the limb bones
c. facial bones, pelvis, most of the limb bones and ribs
d. facial bones, pelvis, most of the limb bones, ribs and vertebrae
e. complete skull, pelvis, most of the limb bones, ribs and vertebrae
Q:
The Nariokotome Homo erectus specimen
a. was discovered at Olduvai Gorge
b. is estimated to have been about 65 years old at death
c. is a young female
d. would have reached an adult height of around 6 feet
e. was destroyed in dating analysis
Q:
The Homo erectus remains from Africa are dated to _____ years ago.
a. 2.5 to 3.5 million
b. 500,000 to 200,000
c. 800,000
d. 5.5 million
e. 1.7-1 million
Q:
Which of the following sites is in China?
a. Yunxian
b. Atapuerca
c. Nariokotome
d. Gran Dolina
e. Olduvai Gorge
Q:
The Homo erectus fossils from the Lantian sites in China are dated to______ years old.
a. 300,000
b. 1.52 million
c. 500,000
d. 1.15 million
e. 800,000 to 450,000
Q:
At Zhoukoudian, there is now thought to be evidence that Homo erectus
a. killed deer and horses
b. knew how to hunt
c. used fire inside the cave
d. lived in the cave
e. were victims of hungry giant hyenas
Q:
Evidence from Zhoukoudian suggests that Homo erectus
a. lived there continuously for over 250,00 years
b. were settled agriculturalists
c. was a scavenger
d. built wooden structures
e. kept domesticated animals
Q:
By far the largest collection of Homo erectus remains have been found at
a. Sangiran
b. Zhoukoudian
c. Olduvai
d. Trinil
e. Lantian
Q:
While many theorists stayed home and debated the merits of natural selection and the likely course of human evolution, this young Dutch anatomist enlisted in the Dutch East Indian Army, having decided to go find evidence of it.
a. Eugene Dubois
b. Franz Weidenreich
c. Louis Leakey
d. Raymond Dart
e. Richard Leakey
Q:
Hominin sites in the European regions of Spain and Italy evidence fossil material that is contemporaneous with Homo erectus. They include all of the following except
a. Sima del Elefante
b. Ceprano
c. Hexian County
d. Gran Dolina
e. Atapuerca caves
Q:
Thus far, what do the postcranial remains of the Dmanisi hominins indicate?
a. They are indistinguishable from Homo sapiens.
b. They are significantly more robust than other Homo erectus.
c. They are much more similar to modern humans than to Homo erectus.
d. The first hominins to leave Africa were possibly a very early form of H. erectus.
e. They are not bipeds.