Q&A Hero

Archaeology

Q: The Modoc War of the mid-late 19th c. was caused by __________. a. the United States government prohibiting the hunting of caribou b. the forced relocation of the Modoc into Klamath territories c. conflict between the Hudson's Bay trading company and other fur companies d. the refusal of white settlers to leave their farms in northern Idaho
Q: Most Arctic people lived in snow houses or igloos. T/F
Q: All of the following are languages spoken by Plateau groups except __________. a. Athapaskin b. Navajo c. Algonquin d. Penutian
Q: Arctic men "wore" a kayak as if it were a living being. T/F
Q: Plateau groups and Euroamericans first met each other __________. a. through British and American traders in the 1700s b. through friendly missionaries in 1836 c. on the Oregon Trail in 1840 d. during the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805
Q: The most important domesticated animals for Arctic people was the __________. a. polar bear b. musk ox c. dog d. mallard duck
Q: The Paleoindian Period of the Plateau is __________. a. well-understood through the work of Russian ethnographers in the 18th c. b. non-existent because the region was covered by glaciers c. poorly-understood because volcanic activity and flooding has erased much of the archaeological record d. well-understood through the journals of Lewis and Clark
Q: The two major divisions of the Arctic people are __________. a. Eskimo and Inuit b. Aleut and Eskimo c. Eskimo and Algonkian d. Eskimo and Na-Dene
Q: The environment of the Plateau region is __________. a. arctic with year-round snowcover and/or permafrost b. mild, experiencing much coastal rainfall c. mountainous and dominated by evergreen forests d. dry and arid, consisting mostly of flat, open plains
Q: The Arctic people had a high infant mortality rate. T/F
Q: The Plateau is located __________. a. In the north-central portion of Western North America b. In and around the peninsula below Hudson Bay c. In a rocky region in the eastern part of Canada d. Along the Pacific coastline, west of the Coast Mountains and the Cascade Ridge
Q: The coniferous forest treeline is the boundary between the Arctic and Subarctic. T/F
Q: Warfare was common among the Cree.
Q: European impact on Arctic people includes __________. a. decreased violence as they converted to Christianity b. depleted game and increased dependency on traders c. better general health d. d. all of the above
Q: In the Subarctic there were four categories of spirits: spirit helpers, human spirits, animal spirits, and place spirits.
Q: Cree medicine used sucking cures, spells, and some pharmacology.
Q: European diseases devastated American Indians because the New World was relatively free of contagious, infectious diseases. T/F
Q: The most important animals hunted in the Subarctic for meat were bison and deer.
Q: Among the Western Woods Cree childless widows sometimes joined hunting parties.
Q: Paleoindians in the Subarctic exploited mainly coastal areas because of glaciation in interior regions.
Q: Shamans were not important in the Subarctic.
Q: The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 ended allotment and reorganized tribal governments. T/F
Q: A striking characteristic of the Subarctic was their permanent towns and houses.
Q: The Dawes Act of 1887 encouraged individual land ownership. T/F
Q: Subarctic people were primarily hunters and fishermen.
Q: In the 1870s American Indian policy __________. a. shifted from segregation to assimilation b. extended treaty-making into the 1890s c. allowed Indian children to remain on reservations and go to school there d. added land to most Indian reservations
Q: A band headman in the Subarctic __________.a. would be replaced if he didn't lead well.b. kept the peace.c. decided when and where to move.d. all of the above
Q: Cree children __________. a. were strictly disciplined b. were born with the mother in a kneeling position c. were responsible for tending household crops and livestock d. all of the above
Q: None of the European powers encouraged the slave trade. T/F
Q: Marriages for the Cree __________. a. involved a large, special ceremony b. relied on romantic love in choosing partners c. involved a bride price, paid by the husband's family d. could not end in divorce
Q: The English came to the New World because they wanted to settle the land. T/F
Q: The Cree diet included __________. a. fish in the summer but not in the winter b .kelp c. whale meat d. all of the above
Q: The Dutch, the French, and the Russians were primarily interested in __________. a. the fur trade b. converting Indians c. gaining land d. building settlements
Q: Cree material culture and technology included __________. a. canoes and toboggans b. tools made from iron and copper c. snow houses d. pottery
Q: The encomienda system was __________. a. fair to Indians b. a form of Indian slavery c. based on communes d. not used often.
Q: A Cree canoe __________. a. was made with hollowed out redwood trees b. was waterproofed with whale blubber and seal skins c. used birch and birchbark d. was used all year round
Q: Europeans first came to the New World because they wanted the resources. T/F
Q: Two musical instruments of the Western Woods Cree are __________ . a. drums and bull-roarers b. drums and rattles c. rattles and flutes d. bull-roarers and flutes
Q: Modern Western Woods Cree __________. a. have never been recognized by the Canadian government b. formed the Grand Council of the Cree in 1971 c. still do not live in permanent towns d. speak Athapaskin
Q: The first Europeans to make the earliest documented contact with the New World were __________. a. Columbus and crew in 1492. c. Portuguese in 1400 b. Vikings in A.D. 500 c. Portuguese in 1400 d. Norse, around A.D. 1000
Q: The Western Woods Cree __________. a. traveled mainly on horseback b. made excellent pottery c. lived in semi-subterranean pit-houses d. treated women relatively poorly
Q: It is likely that Native Americans arrived in the Americas in one large migration. T/F
Q: For the Western Woods Cree __________. a. the basic social unit was the nuclear family b. kinship was reckoned bilaterally c. labor was divided by sex d. all of the above
Q: The term "salvage ethnography," used by anthropologists in the late 1800s, indicates these researchers believed Native Americans were going extinct. T/F
Q: Subarctic religion __________. a. looked down on animals the people hunted as inferior b. saw spirits in animals, plants, and geographic features, c. included a personal, individual power that could not be shared d. all of the above
Q: Clovis and Folsom points are indicative of the Paleoindian Period. T/F
Q: Political organization in the Subarctic involved __________. a. hereditary headmen b. little preparation for war, as it was rare c. highly flexible, mobile, small local bands d. permanent villages that never moved
Q: The Subarctic __________. a. is the largest culture area in North America b. has relatively warm winters and long summers c. has little water d. has very few forests
Q: Some of the origin ideas for Native Americans include __________. a. Lost Tribes of Israel b. the Bering Strait migration theory c. Atlantis d. all of the above
Q: The Western Woods Cree practiced __________. a. whale-hunting b. cross-cousin marriages c. being affectionate with your mother-in-law d. All of the above
Q: Corn accounts for one third the calories consumed in the U.S. today. T/F
Q: European impact on the Subarctic included __________. a. removal of Indian settlements to distant regions b. increased conservation of resources c. the introduction of devastating diseases d. All of the above
Q: Native American women seldom held positions of power and were generally treated as inferior, much like European women. T/F
Q: The first Europeans to contact the people of the Subarctic were __________. a. British fur traders in the 1600s b. French fur traders in the 1500s c. Russian fur traders in the 1700s d. Norse explorers around A.D. 1000
Q: "Drum dancing" was an elaborate dance ritual for world renewal for the Quebec Inuit.
Q: The number of federally recognized tribes in the U.S. today is ___________. a. almost 1000 b. 550 c. less than 50 d. 700
Q: The Quebec Inuit believed in Sedna, the seal mother, who helped them catch sea animals if they maintained a good relationship with her.
Q: Many groups of Native Americans are known today by names they did not use for themselves. T /F
Q: Some of the Quebec Inuit trained their children in both male and female roles.
Q: The low estimates for pre-contact Native American populations by Europeans __________. a. were quite accurate b. justified European occupation c. explain today's small population d. made Europeans more sympathetic
Q: Most of the Quebec Inuit population lived on the coasts.
Q: In Mexico the mestizos or mixed bloods account for at least 75% of the population. T/F
Q: The French Ungava Bay Company was the first European company to trade with the Quebec Inuit.
Q: Native Americans may be defined __________. a. by their color b. by their clothing c. by their religion d. administratively
Q: An Aleut shaman had a knowledge of anatomy from mummies and also knew pharmacology.
Q: Some of the problems with using culture areas include the following ___________ a. diversity may be ignored b. criteria are chosen by Indians c. cultures never change d. they"re never compared
Q: The Aleuts believed the universe consisted of three levels.
Q: The Aleuts lived in villages of over 1000 people and were governed by elected chiefs.
Q: There are three regions in the Western hemisphere: North America, South America, and Central or Mesoamerica. T/F
Q: The Aleut helped the Russians in the fur trade and kept good relations with them.
Q: The Aleut live in a colder climate than the Eskimo.
Q: 15. In 1946, the federal government formed the Indian Claims Commission to hear cases concerning treaties signed after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. T/F
Q: The primary Arctic art form is sculpture.
Q: 11. The Native American Church formed in 1925 as a response to states' banning the ingestion of peyote, a non-narcotic hallucinogen. T/F
Q: The 1971 Alaska Native claims Settlement Act established 13 native corporations and helped improve housing and health care.
Q: Indian mascots for sports teams and Native icons and images for commercial and military purposes are appreciated by most Indians, who feel honored by such uses. T/F
Q: Arctic shamans always counseled peace and would have nothing to do with warfare.
Q: Name four cities with names of Native American origin. ________________________________ ______________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________
Q: The Arctic people believed humans had three souls.
Q: NAGPRA stands for N __________ A __________ G__________ P __________ and R __________ A__________ .
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