Q&A Hero

Q: The most important weapon in the Arctic was the harpoon.

Q: The city of Salamanca, New York, is an example of __________. a. collaboration between native peoples and the government for oil exploration b. how non-Indians fear Indians' taking back land or having to pay Indians a fair price for land. c. how natives are being absorbed into the dominant culture. d. how non-Indians want to be fair to Indians.

Q: Arctic material culture and technology were dominated by the use of skins.

Q: Major political issues for American Indians include a. asking the BIA to oversee tribal affairs b. sovereignty and land claim c. trying to convince the federal government to abolish reservations d. requesting dependent status under the federal government

Q: The single most important animal for food in the Arctic was the whale.

Q: Pan-Indianism __________. a. has partly resulted from a total rejection of tribal identity b. has helped politically but has encouraged the concept of the "generic Indian" c. has been detrimental to urban Indians d. all of the above

Q: Most Arctic people lived in snow houses.

Q: Today Native Americans suffer from __________. a. stereotyping and romanticism by the dominant culture b. poverty and discrimination c. high drop-out rates from school d. poor housing and health care e. all of the above

Q: Arctic men "wore" a kayak as if it were a living being.

Q: What is the single greatest health problem today on Indian reservations? a. cancer b. gout c. heart disease d. alcoholism

Q: The Arctic people believed a child was not a real person until he or she was able to walk.

Q: Indian gaming __________. a. took in about $20 million in 2005 b. has been undertaken by more than half of the federally recognized tribes c. employs only Indians, who do not pay taxes d. has raised money for health, police, and fire services for gaming tribes

Q: The Arctic people had a high infant mortality rate.

Q: The "New Age movement" incorporating an "Indian ideal" __________. a. is an agreement between the federal government and native peoples in the United States b. has drastically helped the image of native peoples c. is an example of exploitation of natives by non-natives d. was a 16th c. notion that natives were not people

Q: Prior to European contact, the Arctic people were peaceful and seldom waged war.

Q: The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 __________. a. requires institutions (museums and universities) to pay a fair price to tribes for artifacts b. caused Kennewick man to be reburied without scientific study c. includes issues of religion, politics, and empowerment for Native people d. all of the above

Q: The Arctic has been populated by humans since about 5000 years ago.

Q: The Mashantucket Pequot tribe grosses about how much a year from casino revenues? a. $1,000 b. 50 million dollars c. $10,000 d. One billion dollars

Q: The coniferous forest treeline is the boundary between the Arctic and Subarctic.

Q: In 1990, the Supreme found that the Native American Church has the religious right to continue to include what in their ceremonies? a. endangered eagle feathers b. the American flag c. peyote d. deer blood

Q: The impact of Europeans on Arctic people resulted in a 90% or more population loss.

Q: Sovereignty refers to __________. a. the authority of a group to govern itself b. the breaking of treaties c. the inability of native peoples to be self-sufficient d. the relocation of native peoples to reservations

Q: Today the Quebec Inuit __________. a. have a high educational level b. are an aging population with a low birth rate c. hunt with snowmobiles and motorboats d. have never been given any land for themselves

Q: The Southeast Indians were peaceful and seldom went to war. T/F

Q: The Inuit entertained themselves with __________. a. painting with dyes made from lichens and mosses on bark b. gambling, archery contests, and blanket tosses c. lacrosse games d. b and c

Q: Seminole is a Creek derived word that means runaway. T/F

Q: The most important aquatic animal and land animal to the Quebec Inuit were __________. a. walrus and bears b. seals and caribou. c. whales and foxes d. seals and bears

Q: Traditional Cherokee __________. a. had summer and winter houses b. wore little clothing c. ate deer, bear, and fish d. had two types of corn e. All of the above

Q: The Inuit of Quebec owned __________. a. land but not houses or boats b. fish weirs and hunting territory c. houses and boats but not land d. nothing

Q: The Cherokee __________. a. had White and Blue Council leaders b. decided on justice at the town or regional level c. believed in "an eye for an eye" d. believed in peace at all costs

Q: The Inuit of Quebec believed __________. a. the purpose of religion was to regulate behavior b. time and space were circular c. in transformation and reincarnation d. all of the above

Q: Agriculture in the Southeast __________. a. was not as important as hunting b. included corn, beans, and squash c. used the slash and burn method d. d. provided products for immediate consumption, because storage was impossible e. e. b and c

Q: The best marriage partners for Aleuts were __________. a. cross-cousins b. hunting partners' children c. clan members d. off-islanders

Q: The Green Corn Ceremony __________. a. was a 2 week long event held in early spring b. required only a few representatives of each town to celebrate c. was a time of continuous feasting d. was the major ceremony of most Southeast Indians

Q: The three primary social divisions of the Aleut are high status, ______, and slaves. a. shamans b. hunters c. women d. commoners

Q: The Great Sun of the Natchez __________. a. had to marry a commoner b. kept away from religion c. lived in a large, well-furnished house near a river d. was also the war chief

Q: The two most essential economic activities of an Aleut village were __________. a. hunting caribou and polar bears b. fishing and herding island sheep c. fishing and sea mammal hunting d. growing crops in the short summer and hunting seals

Q: Natchez children __________. a. were taught to hunt by the age of 3 but feared water b. were strapped to cradleboards to flatten their skulls c. swam by age 3 d. a and b e. b and c

Q: Aleuts differ from Eskimos in __________. a. language and economy b. their social divisions c. the absence of dogs d. all of the above

Q: Southeast religions __________. a. emphasized One World, the visible world we live in b. believed in the maintenance of purity and harmony as their primary goal c. said people had no souls d. believed the world is round and sits on a huge turtle's back

Q: Problems the Arctic people have today include __________. a. inability to speak English b. few jobs and malnutrition c. cancers caused by solar radiation d. all of the above

Q: Most Southeast tribes __________. a. were patrilineal b. defined kinship by 3 categories: family, friends, and slaves c. had intricate and rigid social classification d. never played games

Q: Arctic religious beliefs __________. a. were concerned only with people's relationships b. were concerned with souls in all beings c. were never concerned with war d. used male shamans exclusively

Q: Sequoyah was __________. a. a term for the combined chief and head priest in Natchez culture b. a Cherokee man who in the 19th c. created the Cherokee alphabet c. a Seminole man who helped negotiate with the United States for formal recognition of the Seminole in the 20th c. d. a Natchez leader who led an unsuccessful rebellion during the Trail of Tears

Q: The three major items of Arctic clothing are __________. a. snowshoes, mittens, and hooded parkas b. hats, pants, and fur shirts c. hats, mittens, and sealskin overalls d. pants, mukluks, and hooded parkas

Q: Mississippian Complexes (c. 1000-500 BP) __________. a. made hunting the most important way to obtain food b. had large towns and corn agriculture c. stressed equality d. functioned without a specialization of labor

Q: The typical Arctic house was __________. a. made of snow b. made of driftwood or whalebone and sod c. made of rock and straw d. always portable

Q: Hopewell sites __________. a. show simple societies and little trade b. indicate they buried their dead near forests in deep pits c. decline around 1700 BP but introduced the bow and arrow d. a and b

Q: What must an Arctic hunter be sure to do? a. keep the best meat for himself b. teach his wife how to cook the meat c. show respect to the prey animal's soul d. give the dogs only the polar bear's liver

Q: Clovis sites in the Southeast __________. a. date to 1000 BP b. date to 20,000 BP c. c. date to 15,000 BP d. may indicate (through pre-Clovis sites) origination in the Southeast e. c and d

Q: The umiak was __________. a. a small boat for a single hunter b. a large boat for rich men rowed by women c. pulled by a team of dogs d. used to propel a harpoon

Q: The most important Southeast bird and game animal were __________. a. turkeys and bears b. beavers and ravens c. Bears and hawks d. eagles and deer

Q: The average Arctic family ate __________. a. Fish b. caribou, if available c. seal d. all of the above

Q: Southeast cultures are poorly known because __________. a. European diseases decimated them b. Europeans were slow to show interest in recording information about these groups c. these groups were small and widely scattered, thus difficult to record d. a and b e. all of the above

Q: Men in the Arctic fought mainly over _________ and resolved disputes with __________. a. hunting partners, harpoon-throwing contests b. territory, knives c. women, song contests d. food, their fists

Q: What state is a part of traditional Cherokee lands? a. Tennessee b. Louisiana c. Florida d. Mississippi

Q: In the Arctic infanticide might be practiced if __________. a. there was a famine b. the mother decided she had too many children c. the baby had the wrong name d. the baby was a boy

Q: Today, Cherokees rank what in Native American population? a. 1st b. 5th c. 2nd d. Last; they are culturally extinct

Q: Which of the following does NOT describe the typical Arctic family? a. nuclear b. children valued c. arranged marriages d. divorces difficult

Q: The Seminole __________. a. is the native term for the Cherokee b. is the native term for the Natchez c. represents a mixture of "runaway" Indian ethnicities d. were relocated to Oklahoma, where they currently reside

Q: The most important domesticated animal for Arctic people was the __________. a. polar bear b. musk ox c. dog d. mallard duck

Q: Monk's Mound at Cahokia is best known for being __________. a. the most sacred place in the Southeast b. the capitol of all the cities in the Southeast c. the largest mound in N. America d. a complete mystery

Q: The four basic cultural divisions of the Arctic include __________. a. Northern and Western Eskimo b. Icelandic Eskimo c. only Alaskan natives d. Algonkian Eskimo

Q: According to Sutton, when a highest Natchez class person dies, their lower class spouse is obligated to __________. a. bring special flowers to the funeral b. remain unmarried forever c. sing a death song at the funeral d. die with the higher class person

Q: European impact on Arctic people includes __________. a. decreased violence as they converted to Christianity b. depleted game and increased dependency on traders c. better general health d. all of the above

Q: The four classes of Natchez culture include __________. a. Sun, Nobles, Priests b. Sun, Honored, Commoner c. Honored, Slave, Moon d. Sun, Farmer, Hunter

Q: The two major divisions of Arctic people and languages are __________. a. Eskimo and Inuit b. Aleut and Eskimo c. Eskimo and Algonkian d. Eskimo and Na-Dene

Q: 25. The Ottawa lived in large villages but refused to trade with non-Ottawa people.

Q: The tundra or Low Arctic has __________. a. permanently frozen topsoil b. snow and ice cover year-round c. relatively warm year-round temperatures averaging 70F d. vast wetlands and bogs in the summer

Q: A signature of the Ottawa was their excellent birchbark canoes.

Q: The Arctic is sometimes called a "desert" because __________. a. it has dry sandy areas that resemble deserts under the snow b. the area is very low in rainfall c. nothing grows there d. the subsoil never thaws

Q: 18. The American Revolution basically destroyed the League of the Haudenosaunee.

Q: The Spanish missions and presidios forced American Indians to change religion, language, and economies.

Q: How were living arrangements traditionally tied to Iroquoian family structure? (1-2 sentences)

Q: The fur trade was never important to Europeans or to Indians

Q: What role did women have in Iroquoian politics? (2-3 sentences)

Q: European diseases devastated American Indians because the New World was relatively free of contagious, infectious diseases

Q: Pontiac became famous for what two reasons? (2-3 sentences)

Q: In Mexico, only about 5% of the population is considered Indian (indios)

Q: Disney's Pocahontas is a symbolic love story between John Smith and Pocahontas that ends in peace between Native Americans and Whites. What is another reason besides love that many scholars give that could explain why Pocahontas throws herself on top of John Smith? (1-2 sentences)