Q&A Hero

Q: A kiva was a __________ used by Puebloan groups for ceremonies. a. clay pipe b. round, semisubterranean structure c. sand painting d. wooden figurine

Q: Native Americans are defined by blood quantum only.

Q: The Navajo were descendants of ancestors who migrated down from Canada hundreds of years ago. T/F

Q: A common element of Pueblo religion was __________. a. female shamans b. blood-letting ceremonies c. secret societies d. animal sacrifice

Q: Cultures within similar environments tend to share some aspects of economy, politics, and language.

Q: Jealousy among the several wives of a husband was generally not an issue of problem on the Plains T/F

Q: The most important economic activity of Southwestern groups was __________. a. fishing b. the fur trade c. bison hunting d. agriculture

Q: While culture areas are useful for comparison and reference, they may ignore cultural and environmental diversity.

Q: To be "hopi," a Hopi was expected to be __________. a. aggressive b. self-centered c. non-cooperative d. self-effacing

Q: Which of the following is not one of the four main Southwestern groups? a. Hohokam b. Athapaskan c. Navajo d. Patayan

Q: The only culture area that lies in a largely treeless region of snow and ice for most of the year is the Subarctic.

Q: Duality among the Hopi was reflected in the ________ cycle (s). a. life and death b. annual ceremonial c. daily d. all of the above

Q: Geronimo is well-known for having been __________. a. an Apache leader who fought against the Mexican and American governments b. one of the only native ethnographers to do research on his own people in the 19th century c. the Navajo shaman who started the Ghost Dance revitalization movement d. a fake informant that Carlos Castaneda invented and published about in the 1960s

Q: Both the Great Basin and Southwest culture areas lie in a large desert.

Q: Geronimo, a Chiricahua Apache leader, was most famous for outsmarting superior forces of Mexican and American troops in the 1880s. T/F

Q: The "Chaco Phenomenon" refers to __________. a. a revitalization religious movement among Southwestern native groups b. the planned settlements of pueblos and roads in Chaco Canyon c. a major climate shift during the Chaco period that stimulated agriculturalism d. the adoption of pottery in Chaco Canyon

Q: The text defines six natural geographic areas in North America that overlap into culture areas.

Q: A girl's puberty was not even noticed among the Navajo. T/F

Q: The Archaic Puebloans or Anasazi __________. a. adopted above-ground masonry houses; their former pithouses became kivas b. never developed large structures due to their small population c. had little trade d. had a simple society

Q: There are three continents in the Western hemisphere: North America, South America, and Central or Mesoamerica.

Q: The word "Hopi" means __________. a. brave b. strong c. good or peaceful d. Warlike

Q: The Archaic Hohokam __________. a. had a complex culture with large-scale irrigation b. lived in hundreds of towns c. c. had ballcourts d. d. all of the above

Q: The "Sidelight: Weapons Technolody" indicates that __________. a. Native Americans had few weapons to choose from b. the bow and arrow were the first weapon devised c. the atlatl was never used outside of South America. d. native peoples used many, varied weapons to hunt.

Q: A good way to avoid being labeled a witch among the Hopi was to be a typical Hopi, acceptable to everyone and not a loner or a prophet. T/F

Q: The Archaic Mogollon people __________. a. were probably ancestors of the Navajo b. disappeared around 2000 BP c. lived in pithouses, then pueblo-style homes d. lived in the desert flatlands

Q: Mesoamerican influences on Native North America did NOT include__________. a. teepees b. corn agriculture c. ball courts d. Mississippian religion

Q: Which of the following was TRUE about Hopi cultivation? a. All crops were planted at the same time of the year. b. Just one seed was put into each planting hole. c. Women did the work but men owned the field. d. all of these e. none of these

Q: Which domesticated animals were kept by early Puebloan groups? a. Sheep and goat b. Turkey and dog c. Cats and dogs d. No domesticated animals were kept

Q: Agriculture was introduced to Native North America __________. a. by the Vikings b. with wheat cultivation c. around 10,000 years ago d. from Mesoamerica

Q: With reference to death, the Navajo __________. a. viewed it as frightful except among the aged b. removed the dying from a hogan c. disposed of a body as soon as possible d. all of the above

Q: Why were Pueblo groups considered "less primitive" by Europeans at the time of contact? a. They spoke English b. They wore European clothing c. They lived in permanent towns d. They had an alphabet

Q: The Archaic Period___________. a. included the beginnings of agriculture b. saw fewer resources utilized by people c. was colder d. was a time of migrations

Q: Traditionally the Navajo had __________. a. a tribal chief b. chiefs for each regional subgroup c. charismatic leaders d. a number of shaman chiefs

Q: The "antap a. was an important religious organization that planned ceremonies. b. was a kind of basket used for cooking. c. was the official Chumash currency. d. was the most famous type of Chumash pottery.

Q: Paleo-Indians ___________. a. arrived from Europe across the Atlantic b. hunted only small animals c. left fluted projectile points d. included Eskimos

Q: The two most famous Paleoindian sited in the Southwest are Clovis and Folsom. T/F

Q: Chumash economics a. were based on bartering and were relatively unimportant b. featured a complex market system using money. c. featured little or no specialization. d. were based on whale hunting.

Q: Some of anthropology's origin ideas for Native Americans include ___________. a. Lost Tribes of Israel b. the Australian migration theory c. alien invasion d. all of the above

Q: The Indian tipi was always the same size and always made of buffalo hide during its time on the Plains. T/F

Q: The Chumash people __________. a. used toloache in puberty ceremonies b. had their noses broken right after birth c. married in their teens. d. all of the above e. none of he above

Q: The "Sidelight: Domesticated Wilderness" states that ___________. a. Native Americans had little impact on their environments b. Indian farming and land use were misunderstood by Europeans c. plowing, irrigation, and burning are types of Passive Resource Management d. controlled burns by European Americans upset Native Americans

Q: Seeking a vision to get a spiritual helper could involve which of the following among Plains Indians? a. fasting b. prayer c. body mutilation d. all of these e. None of these

Q: The Chumash __________. a. were politically organized into a chiefdom b. had craft specialists c. were frequently engaged in warfare d. all of the above e. a and b

Q: Popular views or stereotypes of Native Americans include ___________. a. the noble savage c. the great warrior b. the bloodthirsty savage d. the first ecologist e. all of the above

Q: Which of the following was true about the Sun Dance? a. It was a private ceremony for one or two families b. It took place in summer or early autumn. c. It was an easy form of recreation for participants. d. All of these e. None of these

Q: _____________ was critical to the manufacture of baskets, mats, and boats for the Yokuts. a. Willow b. Sumac c. Tule d. Oak bark

Q: Anthropology __________. a. seeks to gain understanding of other cultures. b. Has a history of considering women's perspectives, and historically included many female anthropologists c. Is more interested in studying Old World cultures than New World cultures d. Is concerned with advancing native cultures into modern society

Q: Due to economic abundance created by the horse, two classes emerged on the Plains. T/F

Q: The Yokuts of the San Joaquin Valley __________. a. lived in a few small groups c. had one chief for each village b. lived in villages of about 350 people d. were generally hostile to their neighbors

Q: In the late 1800s anthropology __________. a. realized Native Americans were here to stay b. decided to be less scientific and more helpful to native people c. practiced "salvage ethnography" to preserve Indian cultures d. none of the above

Q: Which of the following did buffalo (bison) provide for Plains Indians? a. robes, shields, containers b. scrapers, axes, awls c. sinew for sewing and bowing d. all of these e. none of these

Q: Today about _______________ California Indians live in California. a. 5000 b. 25,000 c. 80,000 d. 2 million

Q: The theory of Unilinear Cultural Evolution, popular in the 1800s and early 1900s __________. a. classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized b. argued that all cultures are equal and should not be viewed as inferior and superior to one another c. was based on skin color d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following would count for more coup? a. burning the enemy's tipi while he was away b. killing an enemy in his sleep c. touching an enemy and living to tell about it d. making up a good story of exploits e. plotting witchcraft against an enemy

Q: California peoples had a highly developed art of __________. a. making pottery b. basketry c. copper tool-making d. weaving corn husks for clothing

Q: Lewis H. Morgan, an American social scientist in the 1800s __________. a. wrote the most accurate study of the Pawnee b. believed the study of kinship unimportant c. devised the concept of Unilinear Cultural Evolution d. was a founding member of the National Museum of the American Indian

Q: Pawnee children were __________. a. not highly valued b. taught to be dependent on others c. had a guardian animal spirit d. were uncooperative

Q: A major distinguishing feature of the California culture area is __________. hunting pronghorn sheep simplistic material culture the general lack of interest in fishing acorn exploitation

Q: Methods used to preserve data on Native North Americans include __________. a. colonial and mission records b. census data c. land records d. diaries e. all of the above

Q: Pawnee society was organized into an upper class, commoners, and social outcasts. T/F

Q: California Native cultures featured __________. a. simple economic systems b. little trading c. the widespread use of money d. no bartering

Q: Some Native American foods eaten in the U.S. today include __________. a. wheat and rye b. tomatoes and corn c. coffee and barley d. figs and oranges

Q: Of the 5000 Chumash today, all are recognized by the federal government. T/F

Q: The major social unit in California was __________. a. the clan b. the lineage c. the moiety d. the nuclear family.

Q: The traditional role of women in Native American cultures was __________. a. much like European women b. different from Europeans c. inferior to Europeans d. not important

Q: In Chumash religion astronomy was important. T/F

Q: Most traditional California groups __________. a. were organized in tribes b. had formal leaders c. were involved in small-scale warfare d. had relatively large populations living in villages e. all of the above

Q: The names we have for Native American peoples seldom come from __________. a. their enemies. b. themselves c. places where they lived. d. archaeologists.

Q: The Chumash economic system included ___________. a. money made of shell-beads b. craft specialists c. extensive trade and a complex market system d. a and c e. all of the above

Q: European and American contact with California Indians __________. a. spread devastating diseases such as smallpox b. brought better health care, which increased Indian population c. allowed Indians to remain on their own, usually remote, territories d. encouraged Indians to assimilate into the dominant culture as equals

Q: The loss of Native American languages means __________. a. loss of their worldviews b. little to most Indians c. loss of their reservations d. all of the above

Q: A typical Yokuts village ___________. a. was made up of several rows of tipis b. consisted of large and small huts covered with tule mats c. had reciprocal moieties d. b and c e. a and c

Q: The Alta California mission system was founded in the year______ by______, located in __________. a. 1769, Franciscans, San Diego b. 1869, Jesuits, Santa Barbara c. 1660, Lutherans, San Francisco d. 1701, Dominicans, San Luis Obispo

Q: The approximate number of federally recognized tribes in the U.S. is __________. a. almost 1000. b. 550. c. less than 50. d. 700.

Q: The Yokuts fought constantly, which limited their trade networks. T/F

Q: The Archaic Period (c. 10,000 BP to Contact) in California is characterized by __________. a. large Pleistocene animals available for hunters b. a colder, wetter climate c. adoption of corn agriculture from Mexico d. a more generalized hunting and gathering subsistence economy

Q: The Native American population today in the U.S. is __________. a. 6-8 million b. the same as pre-contact c. 2.5 million d. 4 million

Q: The major religious events in California included the Kuksu cult, Toloache, and World Renewal. T/F

Q: Paleoindians (Clovis people) arrived in California about __________. a. 5000 years ago b. 3000-500 years ago c. 10,000-12,000 years ago d. 20,000 years ago.

Q: The low estimates for pre-contact Native American populations proposed by Europeans Native Americans can be defined __________. a. were quite accurate b. justified European occupation. c. explain today's small population d. made Europeans sympathetic to Indians