Q&A Hero

Q: California Indian tribes ___________. a. were mainly matrilineal b. ate acorns and deer c. didn't trade much d. centered their religions on individual vision quests

Q: What is Ishi's significance? a. It is the most important Chumash religious ceremony b. It is the name of the spirit realm, where the dead go c. In the early 1900s he was the "last wild Indian in North America" d. He was the translator for early Spanish missionaries in the 1700s

Q: Native Americans can be defined__________.. a. by their color. b. by their clothing. c. by their religion. d. administratively.

Q: California tribes ___________. a. had no formal leaders b. lived in permanent or semipermanent villages c. were peaceful and seldom fought d. were extremely small in size

Q: The Chumash cosmology is divided into different worlds. How many are there? a..3 b. 7 c. 2 d. 5

Q: One problem with using culture areas is __________. a. Diversity may be ignored b. Criteria are chosen by Indians c. Cultures never change d. They"re never compared

Q: The Spanish mission system began as early as the mid-1500s. T/ F

Q: Pomo women are known for creating fine __________. a. rugs b. baskets c. wood carvings d. pottery

Q: Of the ten culture areas considered by the Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, the two that used to be covered with temperate forests are __________ a.the Plains and Plateau b. the Northeast and Southeast c. California and the Southwest d. the Northwest Coast and Plateau

Q: The California culture area ___________. a. had a low population because the mountains and deserts are too difficult to live in b. used potatoes as a staple food, which is why some were known as diggers c. was known for fine basketry d. had little diversity because it was too difficult to get to

Q: Traditionally, the Yokut ate fish, but most other California Indians in the area relied more upon __________. a.. corn b. acorns c. bison d. deer

Q: North America includes __________ a. Canada and U.S. only b. the U.S. only c. Greenland d. Chile and Venezuela

Q: For modern Kwakwaka"wakw ___________. a. drowning is still a major cause of death b. logging is the preferred occupation c. there are few health problems. d. fishing is no longer possible

Q: The Owens Valley Paiute had 3 kinds of shaman: herb, spirit, and ceremonial

Q: North America may be divided into six geographic areas that include __________. a. Iceland b. the Riverine and Foothills c. the Pacific Coast d. no deserts

Q: The Kwakwaka"wakw ___________. a. feared the dead b. considered twins a curse from the gods c. flattened the heads of rich male babies d. gave females very high status

Q: Sister exchange, where the sister of the groom married the brother of the bride in a double ceremony, was the ideal marriage arrangement for Owens Valley Paiute

Q: Most movies depict archaeologists as __________. A) musty old men in libraries B) mercenaries and romantic heroes C) politically aware D) forensic experts E) scientists

Q: A __________ allows for much more rapid mapping of sites, and provenience points generated can be manipulated to produce an accurate computer map. A) robot excavator B) GIS C) "total station" D) computer model E) GPS

Q: Archaeologists helped a group in northeastern Bolivia by __________. A) rediscovering lost textile weaving techniques B) discovering ancient farming techniques that were more productive C) preserving a ceremonial site in danger of being destroyed by the construction of a new road D) finding a lost ancestral burial ground E) discovering a lost Inca city that now serves as the basis for a tourist economy

Q: Native American disputes with archaeological practice include which of the following A) They are being misrepresented with a false or incomplete history. B) The handling of possession of dead relatives can result in illness, bad luck, and even death among living populations. C) Archaeologists have treated tribal concerns with indifference. D) all of the above

Q: Applied archaeology __________. A) has practical applications that can help people today B) has become popular in law enforcement crime scene situations C) can help design solutions for environmental issues D) can help indigenous peoples recover lost information about themselves E) all of the above

Q: Archaeology played a part in the ideology of __________. A) Pol Pot B) Benito Mussolini C) Adolf Hitler D) all of the above

Q: The work of archaeologists at the World Trade Center is __________. A) forensic archaeology B) ethnoarchaeology C) tribal archaeology D) osteobiography E) geoarchaeology

Q: The Kennewick Man controversy __________. A) was resolved by giving the remains to the Umatilla tribe B) ended with the archaeologists carrying out their analysis of the skeleton C) was resolved in a complicated "time-share" of the skeleton between the archaeologists and the Umatilla D) has yet to be resolved E) will never be resolved

Q: Kennewick man was thought to be __________. A) a modern homicide victim B) a Civil War survivor C) a nineteenth-century settler D) all of the above

Q: Applied archaeology is the use of archaeology to help people with real-life problems of today.

Q: Archaeology was used to legitimize the Nazi notions of an Aryan fatherland.

Q: Popular movies are the only source of information about archaeology for the interested public.

Q: Forensic archaeologists combine the skills of the archaeologist and the physical anthropologist.

Q: Across the board, Native Americans refuse to become professional archaeologists.

Q: One dominant misrepresentation of archaeology is that of it as a treasure-hunting enterprise.

Q: It was easy to determine the modern Native American descendants of Kennewick Man.

Q: Archaeology is an apolitical enterprise.

Q: Chatters immediately suspected that Kennewick Man was an ancient skeleton.

Q: Kennewick Man was found as a result of a specific archaeological project.

Q: In Australian archaeology __________. A) Aborigines are rarely consulted B) Aborigines have attempted to stop any archaeological research C) there are so few artifacts that mitigation is rarely an issue D) there have been increasing initiatives to foster cooperation among Aboriginal groups and archaeological researchers E) none of the above

Q: The federal law that states that federal agencies are responsible for identifying and evaluating all sites in areas to be developed, to determine eligibility for the National Register is __________. A) Section 106 of NHPA B) Section 110 of NHPA C) NAGPRA D) CRM E) The National Register Act

Q: All of the following are criteria for evaluation of a place for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places except __________. A) the quality of significance B) whether it embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type C) whether it is associated with persons significant in the past D) the number of artifacts recovered during inventory

Q: Which of the following increases the likelihood for ethical breaches in archaeology? A) underfunded projects B) inadequate training C) lack of self-policing among professional archaeologists D) all of the above

Q: Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) __________. A) states that federal agencies are responsible for identifying sites that might be impacted by development B) may require archaeological survey to identify sites within areas of possible impact C) that the federal government take ownership of archaeologcial significant lands D) B and C E) A and B

Q: What was the immediate danger to the site at Fort Hall? A) The Snake River was encroaching on the site B) It was going to be wiped out by a housing development C) SHPO needed it for a training ground D) The local Native American tribe wanted to remove it, to reclaim the land for ritual purposes E) The site was drying out

Q: The federal law that states that each federal agency shall establish a formal historic preservation program is __________. A) NRHM B) Section 106 of NHPA C) NAGPRA D) CRM E) Section 110 of NHPA

Q: In Cultural Resource Management, the APE is __________. A) the Archaeologist Providing Expertise B) the Archaeology of Potential Effort C) the Area of Potential Effect D) the Area of Political Expertise E) none of the above

Q: The Antiquities Act of 1906 __________. A) was the first legislation enacted to protect antiquities in the United States B) was repealed in the 1970s C) has made no difference in how archaeological resources are managed within the United States D) stopped the looting of archaeological sites for many years E) none of the above

Q: Mitigation can entail __________. A) avoiding the site B) simple recordation C) full data recovery D) all of the above

Q: If irreconcilable differences arise between state and federal agencies, the __________ can help adjudicate the contested issue. A) The CRM Council B) the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation C) NPHA D) NAGPRA E) SHPO

Q: The statute that makes in necessary for federal projects to cease and notify appropriate tribal representatives if human remains are encountered during archaeological investigations is __________. A) NARP B) ARPA C) SHPO D) NAGPRA E) NHPA

Q: The UNESCO convention of 1970 __________. A) was convened to address the international problem of illegal import, export, and transfer of artifacts B) had the power to enforce its resolutions C) made it illegal to sell copies of antiquities D) concluded that there was no illegal international trade in antiquities E) legalized the sale of common antiquities

Q: In compliance archaeology, the next step after nomination to the NRHP is __________. A) to redesign the proposed project so it will not endanger the site B) to design a data recovery program C) A or B D) none of the above

Q: When making decisions regarding mitigation, archaeologists consider __________. A) only the area with the densest concentration of artifacts B) all land area that might be affected by a project C) only the area that contains human remains D) only those areas with obvious surface artifacts E) only those areas deemed historically unique

Q: The two steps of an inventory are __________. A) survey and data entry B) recordation and mitigation C) flotation and excavation D) none of the above

Q: The Archaeological Resources Protection act of 1979 __________. A) reversed the Antiquities Act of 1906 B) protects archaeological resources on private land C) strengthened the Antiquities Act of 1906 D) has resulted in the prosecution of thousands of looters E) established the National Register

Q: The temple site of Abu Simbel is in __________. A) Jordan B) Lybia C) Israel D) Egypt E) India

Q: The threat to Abu Simbel was __________. A) the construction of an airport B) the construction of a large housing development C) the rising level of Lake Nasser, because of the construction of the Aswan Dam D) the construction of a major freeway bypass E) none of the above

Q: Human activities that threaten archaeological sites and other cultural resources include __________. A) looting B) constructing housing C) off-road recreation D) all of the above

Q: The National Historic Preservation Act was passed in reaction to the destruction of historic buildings that was resulting from a push to "clean up" American urban centers.

Q: Looting of archaeological sites has become less frequent since the passage of antiquities laws.

Q: Compliance is the process of meeting the standards set by federal antiquities law.

Q: Laws to protect archaeological resources in the United States have been in existence since the early 1900s.

Q: It is a felony to destroy an archaeological site.

Q: Most indigenous people would rather let archaeologists and other cultural professionals manage their cultural heritage.

Q: Archaeologists are always against tourists visiting a site.

Q: Mitigation includes measures designed to lessen adverse effects to sites.

Q: ARPA is often referred to as "the burial law"

Q: Anyone interested in the field of archaeology could become a member of the Register of Professional Archaeologists.

Q: Most CRM archaeologists are employed by universities.

Q: NAGPRA applies to any site, on public or private land.

Q: Every state must maintain an Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

Q: The National Register is administered by the National Park Service.

Q: Public education and outreach is one of the ethical responsibilities of the professional archaeologist.

Q: The ARPA of 1979 protects archaeological resources on public lands.

Q: Standards for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places vary from state to state.

Q: Part of being a feminist archaeologist is taking into account multiple perspectives on the past.

Q: The market for illegal antiquities is primarily collectors in Third World countries.

Q: Janet Spector found that the Dakota had different questions and conclusions about their own cultural resources than did the archaeologists.

Q: Test excavations are often necessary to help determine whether a site should go on the national registry.

Q: Human population growth is the single greatest threat to archaeological sites and related resources worldwide.

Q: When groups in direct contact are disproportionate in size or are very different culturally, the __________ tends to prevail A) more flexible B) smaller and less complex C) group with the most trade routes D) larger and more complex E) most violent

Q: __________ attempts to explain cultural change as the result of direct selective processes on the variation of artifact types and frequencies, resulting in the change of those types and frequencies over time. A) Diffusionism B) Systems theory C) Evolutionary archaeology D) A diachronic approach E) Synchronic theory