Q&A Hero

Archaeology

Q: It is now possible to determine whether palaeofeces came from a male or a female, using DNA analysis.
Q: Past symbolic systems are knowable.
Q: Only complex societies have complex kinship systems.
Q: It is a simple task to recognize social and political boundaries in the archaeological record.
Q: The large-scale production of domesticated plants, often using animal labor or equipment such as plows is called __________. A) intensive agriculture B) pastoralism C) horticulture D) foraging E) industrialism
Q: The subsistence system that has historically supported the largest sedentary populations is __________. A) intensive agriculture B) horticulture C) pastoralism D) foraging
Q: Foragers are also known as__________. A) horticulturalists B) pastoralists C) hunters and gatherers D) primitive E) indigenous people
Q: Investigating subsistence involves identifying __________. A) diet B) technology C) organization D) all of the above E) none of the above
Q: Which of the following subsistence systems will most likely leave the most extensive __________? A) archaeological evidence? B) intensive agriculture C) pastoralism D) foraging E) horticulture
Q: The inhabitants of urban centers are most likely to depend upon which of the following subsistence systems? A) intensive agriculture B) horticulture C) pastoralism D) foraging E) none of the above
Q: Which of the following is not an example of indirect evidence for subsistence? A) corn cobs B) faunal remains C) palaeofeces D) grinding stones for maize E) charred seeds
Q: All of the following are examples of faunal remains except __________. A) chitin B) phytoliths C) hair D) bone E) antler
Q: Specialists who study faunal remains are called __________. A) osteoarchaeologists B) palynologists C) palaeobotanists D) zooarchaeologists E) none of the above
Q: A deposit formed by the mixture of numerous feces is called __________. A) cess B) coprolites C) gut contents D) phytoliths E) ecowaste
Q: The presence of articulated fish skeletons in the midden at La Quinta indicated that __________. A) they were likely filleted before eaten B) they were being used seasonally C) they were a highly prized food source D) they were very small E) they were not local
Q: All of the following are examples of botanical remains except __________. A) wood B) chitin C) charcoal D) pollen E) seeds
Q: Palaeofeces can be used to investigate which of the following? A) general health and nutrition B) food processing C) food preparation D) the sex of individuals E) all of the above
Q: All of the following are examples of palaeofeces except __________. A) chitin B) coprolites C) cess D) gut contents
Q: The change in Tasmanian subsistence from a dependence on fish was most likely a result of __________. A) climate change B) population explosion C) overfishing D) adaptation E) depopulation
Q: All hunter-gatherers were nomadic.
Q: Wilson bands are evidence of nutritional stress that show up most frequently in leg and arm bones.
Q: Pastoralists sometimes practice horticulture on a part-time basis.
Q: Pastoralists are never sedentary.
Q: A latrine is an example of an activity area.
Q: All hunter-gatherer populations lived in small groups of a few hundred members in order to survive.
Q: Hunter-gatherers sometimes practice horticulture on a part-time basis.
Q: The presence of hookworms and pinworms in palaeofeces indicates unhygienic and unhealthful conditions.
Q: Foragers can never have a substantial impact on the environment.
Q: It is possible that a comet hit North America about 12,900 years ago.
Q: It is more difficult to estimate dietary contributions of plant than animal resources to the diet.
Q: The number of identified specimens (NISP) is a count of how many identified individuals of a particular taxon are present.
Q: The carbon-nitrogen signature of people who consume terrestrial mammals will be very different from that of people eating marine mammals.
Q: Palaeofeces are only rarely recovered from archaeological contexts.
Q: People who practice intensive agriculture also use wild resources.
Q: The first actual study of a settlement system was conducted by Gordon Willey in the 1820s in his landmark examination of the settlement system in the Viru Valley, Peru.
Q: The urban center of Harappa shows evidence of city planning.
Q: Adopting intensive agriculture as a subsistence strategy has been universally beneficial to human health.
Q: Analysis of botanical remains in the midden at La Quinta and palaeofeces at Lake Cahuilla revealed that there was no seasonal variation in the diet.
Q: Pastoralists most often pick one species and develop it intensively.
Q: All people were once hunter-gatherers.
Q: The investigation of subsistence involves identifying diet, technology, and organization.
Q: Studying cuisine is a part of the study of subsistence.
Q: A low-intensity system of food production, using domesticated plants grown in small fields or gardens is called __________. A) horticulture B) pastoralism C) foraging D) hunting and gathering E) agriculture
Q: Subsistence includes __________. A) building shelters B) storing food C) eating D) food preparation E) all of the above
Q: A subsistence system based on the total exploitation of domestic animals in captivity is __________. A) foraging B) horticulture C) pastorialism D) intensive agriculture E) hunting and gathering
Q: The Maya subsistence strategy consisted of __________. A) horticulture B) foraging C) intensive agriculture D) all of the above
Q: Biotic and abiotic elements of the environment that operate within a system are called __________. A) an ecosystem B) an ecotone C) an ecozone D) a biome E) symbiotic relationships
Q: Large-scale segments in which ecosystems operate are called __________. A) regions. B) niches. C) biomes. D) habitats. E) ecotones.
Q: Modern humans began to domesticate plants and animals __________. A) After the last Ice Age B) Before the last Ice Age C) 50,000 years ago D) In Africa E) About 20,000 years ago
Q: Taro was the most important crop in leeward Hawaii because __________. A) it was the most commonly grown B) it had symbolic significance C) it was tremendously productive D) it grew such large tubers E) it was the richest food available
Q: A simple technique to alleviate seasonally uneven resource distributions is __________. A)the use of storage. B) letting animals graze C) living near a water source D) hunting larger animals
Q: The primary mechanism by which humans adapt to their environment is __________. A) technology B) culture C) biological adaption D) equilibrium E) ecology
Q: Optimal foraging models assume__________. A) That people will spend the least to get the most B) That people will spend the most to get the least C) That people are without domesticated animals D) That people need no special knowledge of their environment E) That people are inherently greedy
Q: 12) Short-term changes in the body and responses to rapid change in the environment are __________. A) Physiological adaptations B) Unlikely to show up in the archaeological record C) Anatomical adaptations D) Passed on to subsequent generations E) Entirely the result of cultural shifts
Q: Malnutrition is an example of something __________. A) that would manifest as a physiological adaptation B) that would manifest as an anatomical adaptation C) that would not show up in the archaeological record D) that is only present in past populations E) that is rare in agricultural populations
Q: Cores taken some lakes can reveal varves which are __________. A) microscopic animals B) deposition of phytoliths C) glacial snowfall D) annual temperature change E) annual records of sediment deposition
Q: Which of the following is a way landforms may be modified? A) plate tectonics B) tidal activity C) climate D) solar flares E) fossils
Q: The geographic place where an organism lives is called __________. A) a region B) an ecosystem C) a habitat D) an ecotone E) a biome
Q: A commodity actually used by an organism is called __________. A) a cost B) a resource C) an ecotone D) a requirement E) a niche
Q: Research at Lakeside Cave, Utah, indicated that __________. A) grasshoppers were a critical resource, crucial to survival B) grasshoppers were a highly prized ritual food C) the optimal diet of the prehistoric people of the area cannot yet be determined. D) optimization models can never be proven E) acorns were less important than previously thought
Q: The place where two ecozones meet and overlap is called __________. A) an ecotone B) a habitat C) a biome D) an ecosystem E) a continent
Q: The study of the relationship between humans and their environment is called __________. A) paleodemograghy B) human adaption C) cultural evolution D) human ecology E) cultural adaption
Q: A distinct geographic area containing a specific group of inter dependent living species is called __________. A) a climate B) an ecotone C) an ecosystem D) a biome E) an ecozone.
Q: Julian Steward said which of the following __________.A) environment has no impact on cultural adaptationB) adaptations are long-termC) changes in culture can result in entirely new ones through cultural evolutionD) technology drives cultural changeE) changes in culture only appear via diffusion
Q: The evidence that the people at Catalhoyouk were sedentary and had food surpluses is __________. A) the large number of animal bones found at the site B) the size of the buildings C) house floors with ovens and storage bins D) foods left at sacrificial shrines E) human burials beneath house floors
Q: The development of environmental archaeology was linked to the development of processual archaeology.
Q: Unless a culture develops the optimal adaptation to its environment, it is doomed.
Q: An ecosystem operates within a biome.
Q: The mass extinction of large animals at the end of the Pleistocene was a ʺfood crisis.ʺ
Q: Robert Braidwood rejected the oasis theory of agricultural development because he saw no evidence of the kind of severe climatic change proposed by Childe.
Q: The remains of animals can be used as evidence for identifying the type of vegetation near a site.
Q: Controlled burning probably was the most widely used method of environmental manipulation in the human past.
Q: Intensive management of certain resources can lead to domestication.
Q: The strongest most centralized cultures will always arise in the areas with the most productive agricultural system.
Q: Kirchʹs models of Polynesian agriculture were based on both archaeological and ethnographic research.
Q: Religious practices, such as calls for supernatural intervention, can be considered a form of cultural adaptation.
Q: An example of a leveling mechanism is the seasonal adaptation to differences in food availability between the spring and the winter.
Q: All organisms, including humans, affect their environment to some degree.
Q: Rock art is an example of the kind of archaeological data that can be used to reconstruct palaeoclimates.
Q: Optimization models are used to explain aspects of behavior related to the use of resources.
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