Q&A Hero

Q: As an undergraduate, the opportunities to go in the field are a. better than ever before. b. good if you know where to look. c. better after you graduate. d. good only if you use personal contacts.

Q: While an undergraduate, it is important to gain experience in a. advanced methods and theories. b. the field and laboratory. c. related disciplines. d. archaeology.

Q: In order to develop a multidisciplinary perspective, an education in archaeology should include as many courses as possible in a. unrelated disciplines. b. archaeology. c. advanced method and theory. d. related disciplines.

Q: An education in archaeology should include a thorough and broad education in a. ecological studies. b. biological and cultural anthropology. c. environmental studies. d. physical sciences.

Q: An education in archaeology should begin as beinga. somewhat specialized.b. broadly-based.c. highly specialized.d. individualized.

Q: Archaeological research today isa. somewhat specialized.b. broad-based.c. highly specialized.d. individualized.

Q: NOT one of the personal qualities of archaeologists. a. adaptability b. wealth c. enthusiasm d. a sense of humor

Q: The spectacular discoveries made by archaeologists area. common occurrences.b. few and far between.c. a unique reward.d. a group effort.

Q: Modern day archaeology is often fascinating and sometimes conducted in remote lands. The discipline is also a. highly technical. b. somewhat technical. c. analytical. d. monotonous.

Q: Who conquered the Chimu in the 1460s? a. the Inka b. the Moche c. Pukara d. the Spanish

Q: Split inheritance a. was practiced by Chimu rulers. b. played a major role in Inka civilization. c. stated that each ruler inherited no material possessions to finance his reign. d. all of the above

Q: The lost city of the Inkas. a. Sipan b. Machu Picchu c. Cerro Baul d. Lima

Q: Which of the following is true of Sican culture? a. It filled the vacuum left by the decline of the Moche in the Montaro Basin. b. It was remarkable for its magnificent gold work. c. It reached its peak between 1100 and 1450. d. all of the above

Q: Chan Chan a. is a Peruvian folk dance. b. is the name of the desert north of the Nazca Plain. c. was a Chimu center. d. is a deadly poison used by Amazon Indians.

Q: This culture's art shows some Pukara influence, including motifs that feature anthropomorphic feline, eagle, and serpent beings. a. Moche b. Tiwanaku c. Wari d. Chavn

Q: This city includes the great enclosure of Kalasasaya, and an anthropomorphic god called Viracocha. a. Moche b. Tiwanaku c. Wari d. Chavn

Q: Moche civilization collapsed within a half century of a a. great earthquake. b. huge fire. c. persistent drought. d. failed coup.

Q: What distinguished Andean state-organized societies from states elsewhere in the prehistoric world? a. art b. religious beliefs c. organization d. cosmology

Q: What is the main source of our knowledge about the Moche state? a. Moche paintings b. irrigation systems c. monuments d. undisturbed burials

Q: The Lord of Sipan belonged to which great Andean civilization? a. Inka b. Wari c. Moche d. Chimu

Q: The Moche lived at the mercy of droughts and a. the Inka emperor. b. the people of Pampa Grande. c. the Tiwanaku and Wari. d. El Nio.

Q: Pukara a. was a major center northwest of Lake Titicaca. b. was confined to the Northern Titicaca Basin. c. had widespread trade connections with other communities. d. all of the above

Q: The earliest appearance of a stone-carving tradition at Lake Titicaca is located at a. Chiripa. b. Lima. c. Pisco. d. Sipan.

Q: What is the "mother culture" for all later Andean civilizations? a. the U-shaped ceremonial complexes b. the Chavn art style c. the Chavn de Huntar ceremonial center d. the Early Horizon

Q: As Chavn de Huntar rose to prominence in the northern highlands, a separate Early Horizon tradition of complex society, Chiripa, developeda. on the southern shore of Lake Titicaca.b. in the Cuzco Valley.c. in the desert of Northern Peru.d. on the Nazca Plains.

Q: Which is the oldest of the U-shaped ceremonial complexes? a. Chavn de Huntar b. El Paraso c. Huaca Florida d. Sechin Alto

Q: Over many centuries, two "poles" of Andean civilization developed, the one along the northern coast of what is now , the other in the south-central Andes.a. Chileb. Colombiac. Argentinad. Peru

Q: Tawantinsuyu, "The Land of the Four Quarters," is a name used for a. the tropical rain forest of Upper Amazonia. b. the desert area where Chinese civilization developed. c. Southern Peru. d. the Inka empire.

Q: The earliest complex societies of coastal Peru may have developed as a result of the intensive exploitation of a. precious metals. b. conquered states. c. maritime resources. d. the lima bean.

Q: The name of the Inka empire. a. Tawantinsuyu b. Tenochtitln c. Peru d. Chinchorro

Q: The Inka society was divided into how many age divisions for the purpose of census and tax assessment? a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 24

Q: In what year did Pizarro land in Peru? a. 1435 b. 1525 c. 1532 d. 1560

Q: The capital city of the Inka was a. Cuzco. b. Machu Picchu. c. Curaca. d. Quechua.

Q: At the time of the Spanish conquest, the Inka controlled the lives of as many as a. 60 million. b. 6 million. c. 600,000. d. 60,000.

Q: The only wealth in the highland kingdom. a. gold b. taxable labor c. trade d. looting

Q: The powerful leader Virarocha Inka during the fifteenth century became a. the living god. b. a slave. c. a sacrifice. d. a quetzal.

Q: The earliest Inka rulers were probably sinchi, or a. foreigners. b. powerful elders. c. young males, related by marriage. d. petty war leaders.

Q: The Inka a. were organized into kin groups called ayllu. b. originally settled in the Upper Moche Valley, from where they spread to the highlands. c. made Machu Picchu their capital. d. all of the above

Q: The Late Horizon of Peruvian archaeology a. dates from A.D. 1476 to 1534. b. is the period of the Inka Empire. c. is the shortest horizon of Peruvian archaeology. d. all of the above

Q: Hernan Corts landed in Vera Cruz in 1519, or the Aztec yeara. 3 reed.b. 2 reed.c. 1 reed.d. 0 reed.

Q: The Aztec capitol was a. Teotihuacn. b. Tenochtitln. c. Tehuacn. d. Tula.

Q: The greatest leader of the Aztecs; the sixth tlatoani, or "speaker." a. Ahuitzotl b. Itzcoatl c. Tlacaelel d. Tezozomoc

Q: This civilization filled the vacuum left by the collapse of the Toltecs. a. Aztec b. Olmec c. Maya d. Inca

Q: According to legend, Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl rose to heaven and turned intoa. the sun.b. the moon.c. the Morning Star.d. a comet.

Q: The Toltec ruler Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl moved the capital to Tollan, or "The Place ofa. Fire."b. Gold."c. Gods."d. Reeds."

Q: Teotihuacn was a unique city, covering at least 21 square kilometers, and a major place ofa. trade.b. warfare.c. food production.d. pilgrimage.

Q: Archaeologist Linda Manzanilla located areas of high phosphate readings among Teotihuacn's barrios, wherea. garbage had rotted.b. tortillas were prepared.c. stucco was made.d. jewelry was crafted.

Q: This city was competing with Cuicuilco for leadership over the Valley of Mexico until Cuicuilco was completely destroyed by an erupting volcano.a. Teotihuacnb. Copanc. Monte Alband. Oaxaca

Q: This city straddled 3 hills, had at least 15 residential subdivisions, and its population rose to a peak of about 30,000 between 200 and 350 B.C.a. Teotihuacnb. Cuicuilcoc. Monte Alband. Oaxaca

Q: Much Olmec pottery contains images of this important motif. a. human-quetzal b. human-butterfly c. human-snake d. human-jaguar

Q: Oaxacan leaders controlled monopolies over a. copper. b. quetzals. c. jade. d. obsidian.

Q: The urban core of Copn boasted a population density of a. 500 per sq. km. b. 750 per sq. km. c. 2000 per sq. km. d. 8000 per sq. km.

Q: What factors lay at the center of the Mayan collapse? a. economic b. political c. religious d. ecological

Q: Known to archaeologists as the Acropolis. a. Monte Alban b. Copn c. Nakbe d. Cerros

Q: The Mayan ruler who built the Temple of Inscriptions. a. Pacal the Great b. Great Jaguar Paw c. Lord Water d. Jaguar-Quetzal

Q: The "Hieroglyphic Staircase" is situated in a. Palenque. b. Copn. c. Chichn Itz. d. Tikal.

Q: A Mayan city-state in the southern lowlands, its ceremonial precinct covered about 2 square kilometers; its residential area covered 20 square kilometers.a. Calakmulb. Palenquec. Tikald. Copn

Q: The earliest recorded Mayan monarch. a. Great Jaguar Paw b. Yax-Ch"aktel-Xok c. Yax-Moch-Xoc d. Chan-Bahlum

Q: The central institution of lowland Maya civilization. a. shamans b. gods c. kingship d. demons

Q: Nakbe slid into complete political and economic obscurity as this neighbor rose to prominence. a. Copn b. Palenque c. Tula d. El Mirador

Q: Nakbe's temple facades reflect the emerging notion of ch"ul ahau, or a. ritual cannibalism. b. immortality. c. divine kingship. d. human sacrifice.

Q: One of the most spectacular Olmec sites, built on an island in the middle of a swamp, featuring long, low mounds surrounding a rectangular plaza; destroyed around 400 B.C. a. Chichn Itz b. Tula c. La Venta d. Copn

Q: Some of the earliest Olmec settlement comes from a platform at a. Chichn Itz. b. Tula. c. San Lorenzo. d. Copan.

Q: They lived along the Mexican South Gulf Coast from about 1500 to 500 B.C. a. Tolmec b. Aztec c. Olmec d. Maya

Q: The first signs of political and social complexity occur in many parts of highland and lowland Mesoamerica during the Formative, or a. Preclassic era. b. Classic era. c. Postclassic era. d. Ancient era.

Q: Sedentary villages throughout Mesoamerica were common by a. 5000 B.C. b. 3000 B.C. c. 2000 B.C. d. 1000 B.C.

Q: The Maya lowlands are located at a. the Yucatn. b. Veracruz. c. the Valley of Oaxaca. d. the Valley of Mexico.

Q: The inland basin of this area was the center of political and economic life in highland Mesoamerica. a. the Yucatn b. Veracruz c. Valley of Oaxaca d. Valley of Mexico

Q: The roots of which civilization went back at least 1,500 years before Spanish conquest? a. Maya b. Aztec c. Yanomamo d. Inca

Q: Of the following, which is NOT one of the cultural consequences of food production in North America? a. a long-term trend toward greater political elaboration b. a degree of social ranking c. an elaboration of writing and record keeping d. greater interdependency in a wide range of village farming societies

Q: They added maize as a new and valuable supplement to their diet of game, fish, nuts, and plants. a. Hohokam b. Mogollan c. Mississippian d. Ancestral Pueblo

Q: They flourished in the Ohio Valley and were among the first to build extensive earthworks. a. Adena culture b. Hohokam c. Mississippian d. Mogollan

Q: Perhaps the best way to describe much Southwestern organization is as a a. theocracy. b. democracy. c. kingdom. d. tribe.

Q: The entire San Juan drainage was abandoned by Pueblo peoples by abouta. A.D. 1000.b. A.D. 1100.c. A.D. 1200.d. A.D. 1300.

Q: The largest Mesa Verde settlement. a. Cliff Palace b. Chaco Canyon c. Montezuma Castle d. Tuzigoot

Q: Chaco Canyon, used for over two centuries, was the center of a remarkable flowering of which culture? a. Hohokam b. Mogollan c. Mississippian d. Ancestral Pueblo

Q: Subterranean ceremonial room found in the middle of Ancestral Pueblo settlements. a. pit-house b. kiva c. tepee d. log-house

Q: At first, they lived in small pit-house villages; later they congregated in above-ground settlements of adjoining rooms. a. Hohokam b. Mogollan c. Mississippian d. Ancestral Pueblo

Q: Each tree ring represents a. one month of growth. b. six months of growth. c. one decade of growth. d. one year of growth.

Q: The one that is NOT a great Southwestern ancestral cultural tradition. a. Hohokam b. Mogollan c. Mississippian d. Ancestral Pueblo