Q&A Hero

Q: One of the earliest plants to be domesticated in the northern parts of Southeast Asia and southern China was a. wheat. b. rice. c. corn. d. barley.

Q: Domesticated animals and grains were probably introduced into southeastern Europe from a. Asia. b. Egypt. c. northwestern Europe. d. Africa.

Q: Egypt first became a unified state about 3000 B.C., around the same time as the appearance of a. horticulture. b. animal domestication. c. slash and burn technology. d. irrigation works.

Q: A small camp flourished at this bubbling spring by 10,500 B.C., and its walls were collapsed by the blast of trumpets. a. Jarmo b. Jericho c. Netiv Hagdud d. Abu Hureyra

Q: Gordon Hillman's work on plant remains shows that these people exploited nut harvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests. a. Jarmo b. Jericho c. Netiv Hagdud d. Abu Hureyra

Q: The definition of rachis. a. the brittle joint attaching wild grain to the stem b. the method of gathering wild grains by ancient southwestern Asians c. the earliest cultivated form of barley d. the trade route across southwestern Asia used for transporting barley

Q: How do we know that forest cover expanded rapidly at the end of the Ice Age in southwestern Asia? a. pollen samples taken from freshwater lakes b. oral traditions c. written records d. excavations of buried forests

Q: Everyone agrees that the earliest farmers in the world flourished in a. southeastern Asia. b. the Americas. c. southwestern Asia. d. Europe.

Q: According to one authority, what percent of African soil is moderately fertile enough to support gardens?a. 5%b. 10%c. 40%d. 90%

Q: The spread of food production throughout the world took only about a. 14,000 years. b. 12,000 years. c. 10,000 years. d. 8,000 years.

Q: A particular factor that helped limit population growth. a. disease b. famine c. water supplies d. available food

Q: A valuable toolmaking material for knives and sickles in southwestern Asia and Mexico. a. flint b. quartz c. obsidian d. iron

Q: Perhaps the most famous ax quarries are located here. a. western Siberia b. western Europe c. southern China d. northern Siberia

Q: Enabled people to turn over the soil to a much greater depth than ever before. a. Clovis point b. wattle and daub technology c. hoe d. plow

Q: Agriculture is a/n a. seasonal activity. b. year-round activity. c. easy activity. d. natural activity.

Q: This consequence of food production prevented people from reverting back to hunting and gathering.a. environmental degradationb. animal species extinctionc. specializationd. population growth

Q: Permits the dating of individual seeds, root fragments, or maize cobs. a. dendrochronology b. potassium-argon dating c. flotation d. accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating

Q: Cereal agriculture came to Africa within the last a. 20,000 years. b. 10,000 years. c. 8,000 years. d. 3,000 years.

Q: Chinese villagers harvested rice by a. 2000 B.C. b. 4000 B.C. c. 6000 B.C. d. 8000 B.C.

Q: The catalyst for all the elaborate cultural developments of later millennia. a. agriculture b. the transition from hunting and gathering to cultivation c. maize d. fishing

Q: According to the text, who invented agriculture? a. sub-Saharans b. Europeans c. Americans d. no one

Q: Some 27 ft (8.2 m) of midden accumulation spans human occupations dating from between about 8000 and __________ B.C. at the Koster site. a. 1000 b. 2000 c. 3000 d. 4000

Q: Social complexity was most common where this food source was most abundant. a. big game b. freshwater or marine animals c. nuts and berries d. yams

Q: Some scholars see the ocean as a/n a. Garden of Eden. b. wall between cultures. c. highway system between cultures. d. unforgiving, barren wasteland.

Q: NOT one of the general conditions necessary to develop a complex forager society. a. population movements must be limited b. resources have to be abundant and predictable c. reduction of local animal species due to natural climatic changes d. population growth resulting in an imbalance between people and the food supply

Q: The big game that formed a staple part of the American diet was extinct by a. 5,000 B.C. b. 7,000 B.C. c. 11,000 B.C. d. 15,000 B.C.

Q: Forests covered much of Europe only this many years after the retreat of the Scandinavian ice sheet.a. 1,000b. 3,000c. 5,000d. 7,000

Q: Some 15,000 years ago, when the great ice sheets began to retreat. a. Holocene b. late-Pleistocene c. Miocene d. Oligocene

Q: Food production is a phenomenon of a. the last 100,000 years. b. the last 12,000 years. c. 99 percent of our existence. d. the last millennia.

Q: Clovis people are best known for a. occasional mammoth and bison hunts on the North American plains. b. bird trapping in the South American jungles. c. river damming along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. d. complicated, geometric artistic styles.

Q: Before 15,000 years ago, access to the mid-continent was blocked by a. glaciers. b. ice sheets. c. volcanoes. d. icebergs.

Q: Most authorities agree that the first Americans were a. Homo ergaster. b. Cro-Magnon. c. Homo neandertalensis. d. anatomically modern humans.

Q: A sinodont hallmark would NOT include a. incisor shoveling. b. double-shoveling. c. triple-shoveling. d. molar shoveling.

Q: Means "small stone." a. megalith b. microlith c. artifact d. ecofact

Q: Many biological anthropologists assume that Homo erectus settled in the warmer, southern parts of this area first, then radiated north.a. Chinab. Siberiac. Mongoliad. Siam

Q: Much of the trade around the Mezhirich area may have been a. ceremonial. b. political. c. designed to amass wealth. d. non-luxurious goods.

Q: At Mezhirich on the Dnieper River, dome-shaped houses were made of a. ice blocks. b. mammoth bones. c. large pine timbers. d. frozen ground.

Q: The Grotte de Chauvet a. contains pictures of animals never before seen in painted caves. b. shows that the artists who painted the images had not yet mastered perspective. c. has been dated to about 80,000 years ago. d. all of the above

Q: NOT a major Cro-Magnon art site. a. Lascaux b. Altamira c. Les Trois Freres d. Monte Verde

Q: What did the Cro-Magnon artists use for their canvas? a. ivory tusks b. wood plates c. animal skins d. cave walls

Q: A delicate chisel for carving fine lines. a. burin b. foreshaft c. spear thrower d. blade

Q: The Cro-Magnons' primary stone tool-making objective was to produce a. fire. b. blades. c. axes. d. clothing.

Q: NOT a fine-grained rock used for blade cores by Cro-Magnon people. a. chert b. granite c. flint d. obsidian

Q: After about 16,000 years ago, Cro-Magnons began hunting a. doves, finches, and robins. b. buffalo and wild cattle. c. whales and narwhales. d. salmon, trout, perch, and eels.

Q: For most of the year, Cro-Magnons lived a. individually. b. in cities. c. in small groups. d. in large, articulate communities.

Q: After 30,000 years ago, Homo sapiens finally mastered a. fire. b. winter. c. art. d. language.

Q: The Neanderthals vanished by a. 30,000 years ago. b. 20,000 years ago. c. 10,000 years ago. d. 5,000 years ago.

Q: Which is true of Cro-Magnons? a. strongly built b. large-headed c. appearance contrasts dramatically with Neanderthals d. all of the above

Q: The first fully modern Europeans are known to physical anthropologists as a. Homo ergaster. b. Homo neandertalensis. c. Cro-Magnons. d. Homo sapiens.

Q: The most southerly region of the Earth settled by Ice Age people. a. Antarctica b. Australia c. Tasmania d. The Palau Islands

Q: The Willandra lakes region contains the earliest human remains found in a. Borneo. b. Java. c. Australia. d. New Guinea.

Q: Human occupation in what is now Australia is well documented by 35,000 years ago, but may extend a. 15,000 years earlier. b. 25,000 years earlier. c. 35,000 years earlier. d. 45,000 years earlier.

Q: The primary method used to date the archaeological record from between about 40,000 years ago and the past 2,000 years. a. dendrochronology b. potassium-argon dating c. radiocarbon dating d. historical documentation

Q: During the height of the last Ice Age glaciation, sea levels were a. 300 ft. lower than today. b. 300 ft. higher than today. c. 900 ft. lower than today. d. 900 ft. higher than today.

Q: Forty-thousand year-old ground stone axes have been discovered on the Huon Peninsula ofa. Africa.b. Australia.c. New Zealand.d. New Guinea.

Q: Homo sapiens had appeared in Southeast Asia by at least a. 20,000 years ago. b. 25,000 years ago. c. 50,000 years ago. d. 55,000 years ago.

Q: An Ice Age landmass made up of New Guinea, Australia, and the now flooded shelf between them.a. Sundab. Sahulc. Wallacead. Pangea

Q: The large landmass made up of the present day islands of Sulawesi and Timor was known asa. Sunda.b. Sahul.c. Wallacea.d. Pangea.

Q: During the late Ice Age, the Sahara was a. a vast grassland. b. wetter than present conditions. c. dry, if not drier than modern times. d. 75% covered with glaciers.

Q: The earliest humans to be unearthed in Eurasia are from Dmansi, Georgia, and date to abouta. 4.7 million years ago.b. 3.7 million years ago.c. 2.7 million years ago.d. 1.7 million years ago.

Q: The first human to use fire, fashion more elaborate tools, and leave Africa.a. Homo neandertalensisb. Homo sapiensc. Australopithecus afarensisd. Homo erectus

Q: The earliest African form of Homo erectus is sometimes calleda. Homo sapiens.b. Homo neandertalensis.c. Homo ergaster.d. Homo habilis.

Q: All paleoanthropologists agree that Homo erectus evolved in tropical a. Africa. b. Asia. c. Europe. d. Egypt.

Q: The last geological epoch, also known as the Ice Age. a. Miocene b. Pleistocene c. Oligocene d. Pliocene

Q: It is thought that the southern fringes of Africa's Sahara Desert expanded dramatically during periods ofa. cold.b. warmth.c. flood.d. drought.

Q: During glacial maxima, ice sheets covered at least this much of earth's surface. a. 1/3 b. 1/4 c. 1/6 d. 1/8

Q: Records of changing sea temperatures after the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary come froma. tree-ring analysis.b. deep-sea cores.c. sensitive geological instrumentation.d. written records.

Q: The name of Eugene Dubois' find, which means "ape-human which stood upright." a. Homo sapiens b. Homo habilis c. Pithecanthropus erectus d. Australopithecus africanus

Q: Homo habilis could create about three inches of cutting edge from how many pounds of flint?a. 1/2b. 1c. 2d. 5

Q: mtDNA is inherited only through the a. paternal line. b. maternal line. c. fraternal line. d. sororal line.

Q: The candelabra model that states Homo erectus populations evolved independently throughout the world. a. multiregional model b. continuity model c. out of Africa model d. single source model

Q: The Noah's Ark model, which states Homo sapiens evolved in one place, then spread to other parts of the Old World. a. multiregional model b. continuity model c. out of Africa model d. single source model

Q: Fluent speech, the full flowering of human creativity expressed in art, religion, and expert tool making are some of the hallmarks ofa. Homo neandertalensis.b. Homo ergaster.c. Homo sapiens sapiens.d. Homo erectus.

Q: Archaic humans lacked one vital component of the human mind: a. emotion. b. intelligence. c. a conscience. d. cognitive flexibility.

Q: We see the first signs of religious ideology with a. Neanderthals. b. Australopithecines. c. primates. d. hominids.

Q: Means "wise person." a. Homo erectus b. Homo neandertalensis c. Homo sapiens d. Homo sapiens sapiens

Q: A spear made from a point, shaft, and binding is an example of a. a composite tool. b. an accidental discovery. c. a trade link. d. evolution.

Q: Neanderthals had to attack game a. at night. b. during the winter. c. from above. d. at close quarters.

Q: Humans and chimpanzees diverged about a. 4 million to 5 million years ago. b. 550,000 and 690,000 years ago. c. 40,000 years ago. d. 5,000 years ago.

Q: DNA comparisons between modern humans and Neanderthal sequences differ by a. 55 base pairs. b. 27 or 28 base pairs. c. 8 base pairs. d. 1 base pair.