Q&A Hero

Q: The Anglo-Saxon ruler Raedwald was buried in Sutton Hoo in a a. pyramid. b. castle. c. ship. d. tree.

Q: Many cave paintings are vanishing because of a. natural causes. b. excess tourism. c. vandalism. d. all of the above

Q: Calcite and living organisms on cave walls will fluoresce when exposed to a. ultraviolet light. b. black and white photography. c. rice paper. d. infrared light.

Q: All research into the meaning of rock art starts with a. the original. b. paperwork. c. photographs. d. accurate copies.

Q: The visions of the unconscious are transferred to the world of the conscious through a. shamans. b. ritual. c. paintings. d. hallucinogens.

Q: The rock painting of the Southern African artists depict a. human hands. b. elaborate ceremonies. c. spirit beings. d. scenes of fishing.

Q: Most European rock paintings and engravings depict a. animals and human hands. b. elaborate ceremonies. c. scenes of the hunt. d. scenes of fishing.

Q: An important part of defining a world governed in the above manner is a. the role of ancestors. b. myth and ritual. c. spirit beings. d. agriculture.

Q: Ancient religions share the common belief that human life is governed by a. "landscape of memory." b. ancestors. c. spirit beings. d. cycles of the seasons.

Q: Which functions as an intermediary to the ancestors and the spiritual world? a. the "landscape of the mind" b. sacred places c. shamans d. mountains

Q: The ability to pass effortlessly between the material and spiritual worlds is accomplished by a. the "landscape of the mind." b. ancestors. c. shamans. d. ritual.

Q: The continuum formed between the material and spiritual worlds is represented by a. the "landscape of memory." b. ancestors. c. shamans. d. mountains.

Q: Sacred places are often symbolized in many different forms to resemble a. the sea. b. a cave or mountain. c. dunes. d. trees.

Q: Ancient religions share a common symbolism for the living and spiritual worlds being joined a. by primordial waters. b. at an axis mundi. c. at their boundaries. d. by common ancestors.

Q: Which shows that humans melded the living and spiritual worlds at least 30,000 years ago? a. Maya pottery b. Inca stonework c. Maya pyramids d. Ice Age cave art

Q: Archaeology further shows us that Homo sapiens sapiens settled in western Europe about a. 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. b. 90,000 years ago. c. 300,000 years ago. d. 48,000 years ago.

Q: Archaeology shows that Homo sapiens sapiens settled in western Asia over a. 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. b. 50,000 years ago. c. 300,000 years ago. d. 35,000 years ago.

Q: Mitochondrial DNA research traces the roots of modern humans back to tropical Africa about a. 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. b. 90,000 years ago. c. 300,000 years ago. d. 35,000 years ago.

Q: Homo sapiens are capable of passing on knowledge and ideas through a. ritual. b. language. c. artifacts. d. beliefs.

Q: Research has revealed that the Aegean Sea obsidian trade in the Mediterranean was a. commercial. b. competitive. c. unprofitable. d. none of the above

Q: Potentially valuable sources of information on the exchange of exotic materials. a. quarries b. caves c. burials d. hearths

Q: Identifying the characteristic properties of the distinctive raw materials used to fashion an artifact refers to a. sourcing. b. character studies. c. petrology. d. isotropic composition.

Q: The distribution of goods or commodities received by an individual through a community or group is a. a trade route. b. redistribution. c. a market. d. reciprocity.

Q: The mutual exchange of goods between two individuals or groups is a. a trade route. b. redistribution. c. gift exchange. d. reciprocity.

Q: A common medium of trade in societies that is relatively self-supporting and designed to reinforce a social relationship is a. markets. b. exchange systems. c. gift exchange. d. internal exchange.

Q: When people need to acquire goods and services that are not available to them within their own territories, they set up a. political systems. b. exchange systems. c. gift exchange. d. trade routes.

Q: Artifacts tell powerful stories about a. well-known rulers. b. climate. c. the lowly and anonymous. d. environment.

Q: Artifacts offer a unique way of examining the history of many communities that kept no written records, but expressed their diverse feelings and cultures through a. material objects. b. ideology. c. their economy. d. belief systems.

Q: A powerful tactic used by elites in order to exercise power over others is a. material objects. b. ideologies of domination. c. economic force. d. public ceremonies.

Q: Almost no one has studied the archaeology of a. social stratification. b. age-sets. c. ethnic minorities. d. gender pattern.

Q: The form of archaeology that relates how people have exercised control over one another is a. archaeology of ideology. b. engendered archaeology. c. social archaeology. d. archaeology of inequality.

Q: In Aztec civilization, women produced cloth, which served as a primary way of organizing the ebb and flow of goods and services, revealing its importance a. to social status. b. to Aztec economy. c. as currency. d. as an everyday activity.

Q: Gender research in archaeology is concerned with people as individuals and their contributions to a. interpersonal relationships. b. social activities. c. society. d. state formation.

Q: The research by biological anthropologist Theya Molleson of the specific deformities on skeletal remains found at Abu Hureyra, Syria lead to evidence of a. how gender works. b. social relationships. c. division of labor between men and women. d. laborious tasks undertaken by women.

Q: Which of the following is a vital part of human social relations and a central issue in the study of ancient human societies? a. sex b. gender c. households d. culture

Q: Cemetery researchers are more concerned with general patterns of a. social organization. b. personal interactions. c. interactions between groups struggling for power. d. interactions between religious groups.

Q: In more egalitarian societies, differences in rank and status may be revealed by a. pottery. b. sculptured reliefs. c. position of the grave. d. grave furniture.

Q: In affluent societies, the differences between rulers and merchants may be revealed by a. paintings. b. sculptured reliefs. c. public inscriptions. d. grave furniture.

Q: When the Mayan ruler Pacal died, he was buried beneath a a. mountain. b. pyramid. c. palace. d. river.

Q: Highly centralized societies control every aspect of life, with all wealth and religious power a. concentrated within a small part of the population. b. spread throughout the population. c. concentrated within a few hands. d. spread throughout by social ranking.

Q: The Babylonian King Hammurabi is best known for developing the first written a. alphabet. b. law code. c. topographical map. d. sheet music.

Q: Societies where groups or classes have unequal access to the means of production are referred to as a. social stratification. b. social ranking. c. social inequality. d. social pattern.

Q: The social organization of state-organized societies is what archaeologists refer to as a. social stratification. b. social ranking. c. social inequality. d. social pattern.

Q: Social distinctions are discerned from the study of a. settlement patterns. b. agriculture. c. ornaments. d. civilization.

Q: Social inequality has been a feature of human life since the appearance of a. farming. b. civilization. c. cities. d. hunting.

Q: The social distinctions between individuals, communities, and other units of society are a. social stratification. b. social ranking. c. social inequality. d. social pattern.

Q: How did tzi the Ice Man die? a. froze to death b. crushed by boulders c. starved d. attacked by another human

Q: The information yielded from tzi the Ice Man includes his a. personal habits. b. origins. c. mode of nutrition. d. medical condition.

Q: The bodies of individuals from the past yield information about their a. genealogy. b. climate. c. lives. d. date of death.

Q: Investigators found no traces of this kind of food in Tollund Man's stomach. a. barley b. insect c. meat d. grasses

Q: Carbon isotope analysis uses the ratio between carbon-12 and carbon-13 in hair to determine the amounts of this type of food eaten.a. fowlb. saltc. proteind. plant

Q: A technique incorporating water or chemicals to free seeds from the earth or the occupation residue that masks them. a. flotation b. extraction c. levitation d. centrifuge

Q: Scavenging or simple spear hunting is believed to result in this age profile. a. catastrophic b. attritional c. actual d. representational

Q: The ends of limb bones, commonly used to determine the age of an animal at death. a. marrow b. epiphyses c. cartilage d. shaft

Q: Compared to the later Nelson's Bay hunters, the flake tools and spears of Klasies River hunters werea. larger.b. smaller.c. decorative.d. aerodynamic.

Q: The indigenous fauna in tropical Africa has such small variations in skeletal anatomy that these are used for identification.a. DNAb. horn cores or teethc. connective tissuesd. foot/claw impressions

Q: Faunal analysis uses direct comparisons with known species for a fairly simple identification ofa. bones.b. plants.c. hair.d. tools.

Q: These animals destroy the backbones and hip bones of an animal they are eating. a. lions b. humans c. hyenas d. chimpanzees

Q: Archaeologists reconstruct ancient lifeways from a. human bones. b. artifacts. c. environmental data. d. several sources.

Q: This background data about animal distributions and ancient and modern flora is essential for studying subsistence. a. environmental data b. biological data c. faunal analysis d. coprolite analysis

Q: This specialized expertise requires a background in paleontology or zoology. a. zooarchaeology b. paleoarchaeology c. paleobotany d. paleopathology

Q: The earliest pottery was fired over these, covered with fast burning wood ash. a. closed hearth b. open hearth c. air-tight ovens d. sunlight

Q: The shape of a bowl directly reflects its a. properties. b. form. c. function. d. typology.

Q: Clay vessels that are built up with a lump of clay placed over the top of a convex shape.a. clayb. moldc. coild. temper

Q: Clay vessels that are built up with long wedges of clay and joined together with a mixture of clay and water.a. clayb. ceramicsc. coild. temper

Q: This study of rocks has been used to great success in discovering where stone tools are made.a. debitage analysisb. retrofittingc. experimentationd. petrological analysis

Q: The first vessels of this type were probably used for domestic purposes. a. spears b. bark trays c. pottery d. skin bags

Q: Homo sapiens sapiens used this type of substance to make many specialized tools. a. stone b. wood c. clay d. antler

Q: Reconstruction of ancient stone tool manufacture by refitting flakes to the core. a. debitage b. refitting c. retooling d. reverse engineering

Q: Reconstructing the "reduction sequence" is involved in the analysis of this. a. dust b. debitage c. core d. blank

Q: The type of fracture that forms when a blow is struck on homogeneous types of rock. a. conchoidal b. compound c. internal d. spiral

Q: These types of artifacts are based on cultural use. a. functional b. artistic c. chronological d. decorative

Q: These types of artifacts are defined by decoration or form, but are time markers. a. functional b. artistic c. chronological d. decorative

Q: The manufacture of stone tools is this type of technology. a. reductive b. physical c. additive d. environmental

Q: The type defined by the form of the artifact, also used as time markers. a. attribute b. descriptive c. functional d. chronological

Q: NOT one of the three artifact types. a. descriptive b. ecclesiastical c. chronological d. functional

Q: Removed in a series, then trimmed and shaped further. a. flake b. core c. block d. rock

Q: The lump of stone made from the raw materials used by the stoneworker in producing blades. a. flake b. core c. block d. rock

Q: In a real sense, technology defines a. history. b. prehistory. c. modernity. d. invention.

Q: Tree-ring dating is also known asa. dendrochronologyb. obsidian hydrationc. cross-datingd. uranium series dating