Q&A Hero

Q: From a map of Corts's journey from Zempoala to Tenochtitlan in 1519, we can determine that he: A. was able to travel unimpeded directly across Mexico to his destination B. avoided areas occupied by Aztec enemies C. had to take a circuitous route around Mexico owing to the landscape and his concern of attack D. followed the advice of his allies regarding the course of his route

Q: All members of the family Hominidae are a. Homo sapiens. b. Hominins. c. Australopithecus. d. Neanderthals.

Q: In 1519, the Spaniards became allies of the Tlaxcalans: A. who were the enemies of the Aztecs B. who lived to the southwest of Tenochtitlan C. who also spoke Spanish D. at the suggestion of the Aztecs

Q: What step of the archaeological process pulls together all the data, tests the propositions in the research design, and represents the conclusion? a. data acquisition b. analysis c. research design d. interpretation

Q: Surveying a tool-scatter on a parcel of land or excavating a large-scale archaeological site are both forms of a. data acquisition. b. analysis. c. research design. d. interpretation.

Q: MATCHING 2 1) Ro Claro 2) Darin 3) Acaln 4) Iximch 5) Mixco Viejo A. Capital of the Cakchiquel Maya in the Guatemala highlands B. An eastern Honduran Pipil Nahuatl trading enclave C. Hilltop capital of the Pokomam Maya D. The first permanent European community on the American continent E. Homeland of the Toltecicized Maya traders in Tabasco and Campeche

Q: What is the most important part of any archaeological project, large or small? a. data acquisition b. analysis c. research design d. interpretation

Q: MATCHING 1 1) Tzompantli 2) Ahuehuetl 3) Coatepantli 4) Uic athan 5) Balch A. Water-tolerant cypress tree B. Fermented beverage drunk at festivals C. Skull racks for displaying the remains of sacrificial victims D. Templo Mayor's "serpent wall" E. Mayan term that gave its name to a peninsula

Q: What process requires knowledge of culture history, environment, and lifeway data? a. culture process b. data acquisition c. analysis d. interpretation

Q: The correct order for the process of archaeological research: a. discovery, research design, analysis, data collection, publication, interpretation b. discovery, research design, data collection, publication, analysis, interpretation c. research design, discovery, analysis, data collection, publication, interpretation d. discovery, research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, publication

Q: During his encounter with the "Fat Cacique" at ________ Corts engineered the first of his many diplomatic maneuvers that undermined the Aztec empire of Motecuzma II. A. Zempoala B. Tochtepec C. Cotaxtla D. Xicalanco

Q: Which city in the Valley of Mexico was a trading center for the Mesoamerican world? a. Lima b. Cuzco c. Teotihuacn d. Tuzigoot

Q: Malinalli played a critical role during the Spanish Conquest as: A. a translator for Corts B. the principal wife of Motecuzma II C. an Aztec spy D. a Spanish woman with whom Motecuzma fell in love

Q: Chavn is a maze of subterranean passages and water channels, a shrine where rituals of transformation turned ___________ into animals such as the jaguar, transformations depicted on the temple walls. a. humans b. cat c. dog d. bird

Q: Malinalli of Acaln, who was crucial to the Spanish Conquest, became enslaved when: A. her parents could not pay off their debts, so sold her B. the Spaniards captured her and took her prisoner C. the Aztecs invaded, taking many prisoners who became slaves D. her mother sold her off to traders

Q: Method(s) people use to make their living or to acquire their food is a. an economic system. b. subsistence. c. hunting and gathering. d. a cultural ecological model.

Q: The furthest tribute province from Tenochtitlan's vast empire was: A. Coixtlahuaca B. Huaxtpec C. Chiapan D. Soconusco

Q: Just as Tenochtitlan dominated and intimidated other polities in the Basin of Mexico during the Late Postclassic, Quich rulers controlled the Maya highlands from the center of: A. Chiapo de Corzo B. Canajast C. Iximch D. Utatlan

Q: What definitive proof did Jesse Figgins have for the habitation of North America as early as 10,000 years ago? a. pottery b. a projectile point c. baskets d. written records

Q: Tollund Man was a human sacrifice of the early a. Protestant era. b. Christian era. c. Minoan era. d. Jewish era.

Q: A "codex" is a: A. journal written by a traveler, especially one who goes to a new land B. type of book C. form of clerical record that was kept by Franciscan priests D. tablet used by ancient Mesoamerican commoners to keep track of the agricultural cycle

Q: The Catholic priest Diego de Landa: A. burned a substantial number of native books B. lived among the Aztecs after the Spanish Conquest C. made every effort to understand Maya culture D. survived a shipwreck off the Yucatn Peninsula and made it safely to shore

Q: Which best defines the concept of culture history? a. Cultural anthropologists have built up a picture of the past through time. b. The record of the human past described and classified in a context of time and space. c. This process is the secondary stage to any archaeological investigation. d. Culture history represents a stratigraphic survey.

Q: There most powerful of the several city-state rulers among the Postclassic Maya of the northern Yucatn assumed the title: A. batab B. tlatoani C. halach uinic D. huetlatoani

Q: Both Charles Darwin and biologist Stephen Jay Gould hypothesized that a. apes migrated out of Africa and became human. b. Homo sapiens sapiens migrated out of Africa. c. individual differences are not so great among humans. d. humans are no more intelligent than apes.

Q: British journalist Graham Hancock has claimed that a great civilization flourished a. beneath the Pacific Ocean 3,000 years ago. b. in the treetops of the Amazon forest 15,000 years ago. c. under the Sahara Desert 20,000 years ago. d. under Antarctic ice 12,000 years ago.

Q: Analogous to the Aztec calpulli, the Mayan word for residence/neighborhood/existence is: A. cah B. batab C. balch D. tun

Q: During the Late Postclassic _______ the northern Maya lowlands. A. the site of Tulum became the regional capital in B. Cozumel Island dominated regional politics in C. a number of independent provinces existed in D. the Aztecs conquered

Q: What process, invented in the 1940s, allowed for fairly accurate dating of organic materials? a. dendrochronology b. radiocarbon dating c. nuclear fission dating d. uranium-thorium dating

Q: Which two archaeologists discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun? a. Heinrich Schliemann and Alexander Conze b. Alexander Conze and Flinders Petrie c. Leonard Woolley and Arthur Evans d. Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon

Q: Which early archaeologist used very precise excavation and recording techniques later copied by more modern archaeologists? a. Heinrich Schliemann b. General Augustus Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers c. Jacques Boucher de Perthes d. John Evans

Q: Perched high on a cliff overlooking the Caribbean Sea, the Late Postclassic Yucatecn Maya site of _______is a major modern tourist attraction. A. Tulum B. Santa Rita Corozal C. Ecab D. Chichn Itz

Q: Who wrote On the Origin of Species and caused a complete rethinking of human origins? a. Alfred Wallace b. Charles Darwin c. Bishop Ussher d. Gregor Mendel

Q: Many people in Late Postclassic Maya society traveled to the island of Cozumel primarily to: A. shop in its vast markets B. work in the cacao-processing centers C. serve their turn at the military outpost D. pray for children and an easy childbirth

Q: Copn, Palenque, and Uxmal are all cities of which civilization revealed by Stephens and Catherwood? a. Ur b. Nineveh c. Aztec d. Maya

Q: During the Late Postclassic, the Maya established both a commercial center and _______ on the island of Cozumel. A. a military outpost B. a pilgrimage center C. cacao groves and processing centers D. a canoe manufacturing factory

Q: What do archaeologists and anthropologists find hard to use because of the difficulty in verifying their antiquity? a. oral traditions b. amateur discoveries c. artifacts d. ceramic pottery

Q: The Spaniard Gonzalo Guerrero: A. was captured and sacrificed by the Maya B. became a Maya slave but was rescued by Corts seven years later C. became a Maya war captain and fought the Spanish D. survived a shipwreck, but then died of disease

Q: The first Spanish expedition to explore the coast of Yucatn in 1511 resulted in: A. the Spanish vessel being laden with goods which were subsequently shipped back to Spain B. the ship springing a leak and sinking with no survivors C. the Spanish and the Yucatecans establishing friendly trade relations D. ten men surviving a shipwreck, with one of them being eventually rescued by Corts

Q: During the Postclassic, _______ replaced Quirigua in controlling trade in the southeastern Maya region. A. Ro Claro B. Viejo Brisas de Valle C. Naco D. Nito

Q: Archaeological theory aims to explain the past as well as to a. change it. b. change our understanding of it. c. describe it. d. alter it.

Q: The first permanent European community on the American continent was founded at: A. Darin B. Tenochtitlan C. Jamestown D. Lima

Q: The popular belief in places like Atlantis, Mu, Tiwanaku, or the continuous search for Noah's Ark, are all in the realm of a. pseudoarchaeology. b. religious archaeology. c. industrial archaeology. d. zooarchaeology.

Q: The Grotte de Chauvet is one of the earliest a. historical sites on earth. b. French sinkholes on record. c. Neanderthal sites in northern Europe. d. painted caves in the world.

Q: The European explorer famed for leading the first Europeans to the Pacific Ocean from the Americas was: A. Vasco de Gama B. Christopher Columbus C. Francisco Pizarro D. Vasco Nuez de Balboa

Q: Many archaeologists study historical buildings, but which type would study Victorian-period factories? a. historical archaeologists b. religious archaeologists c. industrial archaeologists d. zooarchaeologists

Q: Years before the arrival of the Spaniards on the shores of the Aztec empire, Motecuzma received a sign of Spanish presence in the Caribbean in the form of: A. a Spanish soldier who had deserted and made his way inland B. one of the Spaniard's horses, which had swum across the Gulf to Mexico C. a sail from a Spanish ship and an oar were found on the beach D. a trunk containing clothes and a Spanish sword that had washed ashore

Q: Of all the types of archaeologists, which uses technical scuba gear to complete field work? a. commercial archaeologists b. diving archaeologists c. pressurized chamber archaeologists d. underwater archaeologists

Q: Of all the types of archaeologists, which works on archaeological sites and problems from periods in which written records exist? a. historical archaeologists b. paleoanthropologists c. classical archaeologists d. Egyptologists

Q: Which subdiscipline of archaeology would require knowledge of hieroglyphics? a. prehistoric archaeology b. paleoanthropology c. classical archaeology d. Egyptology

Q: Motecuzma II was the: A. brother of Ahuitzotl B. brother of Tizoc C. nephew of Itzcoatl D. son of Axaycatl

Q: Which subdiscipline of archaeology studies the remains of the great civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome? a. prehistoric archaeology b. paleoanthropology c. classical archaeology d. Egyptology

Q: Motecuzma Xocoyotzin ruled the Aztecs from: A. 1486 to 1502 B. 1440 to 1469 C. 1502 to 1520 D. 1520 to 1525

Q: In 1519, the city of Tenochtitlan: A. was larger than any city in Spain B. boasted a population as high as half a million C. had a population of less than a thousand since the island was rather small D. had minimal amenities owing to its island location

Q: Which subdiscipline of archaeology studies the culture and artifacts of the earliest humans, including stone technology and art? a. prehistoric archaeology b. paleoanthropology c. classical archaeology d. Egyptology

Q: Ahuitzotl's attempt to resolve Tenochtitlan's water deficit resulted in: A. a plan that successfully provided water to the thousands of city dwellers B. a plan that worked in the dry season but not in the wet season C. the city flooding " so the plan was reversed D. the chinampas being more productive than ever

Q: The city of Tenochtitlan sat in the middle of a salty lake. Its citizens acquired potable water: A. from springs at Chapultepec B. from the springs at Coyoacan that were channeled to the city C. by collecting rain water D. from slaves who carried water in ceramic vessels over long distances

Q: Which subdiscipline of archaeology studies the earliest human beings before written history? a. prehistoric archaeology b. paleoanthropology c. classical archaeology d. Egyptology

Q: What type of archaeology is the dominant activity in North America? a. historical archaeology b. applied archaeology c. paleoarchaeology d. cultural resource management

Q: ________ were a common medium of exchange in the Aztec empire. A. Jaguar skins B. Rabbit pelts C. Cotton mantles D. Pottery vessels

Q: For those who were permitted to consume human flesh, the most highly valued part of the body was the: A. heart B. head C. left arm D. right thigh

Q: What branch of science or social science is the scientific study of ancient human behavior based on the surviving material remains of the past? a. history b. archaeometry c. archaeology d. anthropology

Q: Cannibalism was practiced in Aztec society by: A. all those who could afford it B. nobles or warriors who had taken captives C. the general population D. only the huetlatoque

Q: Excavations of Crete's Minoan civilization were performed bya. Sir Leonard Woolley.b. Charles Darwin.c. Austen Henry Layard.d. Heinrich Schliemann.

Q: The practice of human sacrifice: A. was observed only by the Aztecs in the Late Postclassic B. required each Aztec citizen to produce a sacrificial victim C. was performed by the Aztecs on only a very small scale D. had a long history in Mesoamerica

Q: After its removal, the heart of an Aztec sacrificial victim was: A. thrown into Lake Texcoco B. consumed by the warrior who had captured the victim C. offered to a deity D. buried while it was still beating

Q: He was a businessman-turned-archaeologist who found the city of Troy. a. Archbishop James Ussher b. Charles Darwin c. Austen Henry Layard d. Heinrich Schliemann

Q: There were many sacrificial victims at the 1487 rededication of the Templo Mayor. A low estimate of their number is: A. 35,000 B. 20,000 C. 1,000 D. 100

Q: He excavated the ancient city mounds of Nineveh and Nimrud. a. Archbishop James Ussher b. Charles Darwin c. Austen Henry Layard d. Giovanni Battista Belzoni

Q: On the Origin of Species was written by a. Archbishop James Ussher. b. Charles Darwin. c. Jacques Boucher de Perthes. d. Giovanni Battista Belzoni.

Q: By the time the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan was rededicated in 1487, the structure had been rebuilt: A. five times B. on a smaller scale to incorporate more palaces C. three times D. with a third staircase and a temple on top of it

Q: Archbishop James Ussher of Ireland calculated the date of Creation at a. 7004 B.C. b. 6004 B.C. c. 5004 B.C. d. 4004 B.C.

Q: The library of Assyrian King Ashurbanipal contained an account of a. a flood similar to the Genesis flood. b. an attack of locusts similar to one found in the Bible. c. the building of the Tower of Babel. d. all of the above

Q: Ahuitzotl ruled from: A. 1469 to 1481 B. 1481 to 1486 C. 1486 to 1502 D. 1502 to 1520

Q: Before he was a treasure hunter, Giovanni Battista Belzoni was a/n a. army general. b. historian. c. circus strongman. d. archaeologist.

Q: MATCHING 2 1) Huaxtpec 2) Zempoala 3) Culhuacan 4) Cihuatecpan 5) Texcotzingo A. Site of Nezahualcoyotl's retreat B. Location of the New Fire Ceremony C. Most important Totonac center D. Site of Motecuzma's pleasure garden E. Aztec rural palace

Q: The first archaeologists were a. historians. b. mathematicians. c. adventurers. d. physicists.

Q: MATCHING 1 1) Motecuzma Ilhuicamina 2) Atotztli 3) Axaycatl 4) Ahuitzotl 5) Tizoc A. Ineffective Aztec ruler B. Aztec ruler who was the third brother to gain power C. Aztec ruler known as the conqueror D. Aztec ruler who was the daughter of Motecuzma E. Aztec ruler who defeated the Chalcans

Q: British archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley reconstructed a. an Ur funeral. b. Noah's ark. c. a Mayan calendar. d. the Silk Road.

Q: Historical records show that Tizoc died when he: A. suffered an injury in battle against the Tarascans B. slipped and fell on a spilled cacao drink C. caught a contagious disease during an epidemic D. consumed poisoned food