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Q:
Describe the physical layout of the Poverty Point site.
Q:
The Huehueteotl braziers found in ancient houses of Late Formative Teotihuacan indicate that:
A. a major temple at the site was dedicated to this deity
B. it was an extremely hot environment
C. families used the braziers to cook their food
D. many refugees from Cuicuilco went to Teotihuacan
Q:
How did agriculture develop in eastern North America?
Q:
Xitle and Popocatpetl are:
A. large Late Formative centers in the Basin of Mexico
B. deities who are married to each other
C. types of decorated serving ware
D. active volcanoes
Q:
How did the Formative period compare with the preceding Archaic period?
Q:
In the Basin of Mexico during the Late Formative, the center of Cuicuilco:
A. was slowly abandoned as trade routes shifted northward
B. was burned to the ground after a major internal uprising
C. collapsed after a volcanic eruption
D. was invaded and subjugated by the Teotihuacanos
Q:
During the Late Formative (300 bc"ad 1):
A. the Basin of Mexico was dominated by Cuicuilco and Teotihuacan
B. the Basin of Mexico had a dispersed settlement pattern with no major centers
C. Teotihuacan had a population of 100,000 inhabitants
D. Cuicuilco was the largest city in the world
Q:
What is optimal foraging theory?
Q:
Decorated serving vessels in Mesoamerica:
A. have been used since the Paleoindian period
B. are associated with hospitality
C. are very rarely recovered in archaeological contexts
D. were manufactured only in highland regions
Q:
What is the advantage of accelerator mass spectrometry over conventional radiocarbon dating?
Q:
A "pottery style zone" is a region in which:
A. all pottery looks the same
B. only ceramic artifacts are produced; artifacts made from other materials are absent
C. each person's specialization involves pottery in some way or another
D. particular designs and forms create distinctive and localized forms of pottery
Q:
What is the significance of the site of Cerro Juanaquea?
Q:
The use of _____ enabled Mesoamerican elites to further stratify their society, because they could interpret supernatural events to the masses and memorialize their own histories.
A. palaces
B. a distinctive symbolic system
C. predictive powers
D. craft-making abilities
Q:
The impact of the adoption of agriculture on societies in Mexico, the Southwest, and eastern United States was remarkably similar across time and space.
Q:
The relation between population size and stratification:
A. cannot be determined
B. is positively correlated
C. does not manifest itself in archaeological remains
D. is always a matter of cause and effect
Q:
A society that has social stratification:
A. depends upon kinship to integrate the various strata
B. ranks individuals in relation to a chief
C. is difficult to detect archaeologically
D. has institutionalized political offices and hierarchies of power
Q:
Bruce Smith views domestication as the result of intentional actions of individuals, most likely shaman.
Q:
Isotope analysis of bone chemistry can determine the role of maize in the diet.
Q:
During the Late Formative (300 bc"ad 1):
A. chiefdoms everywhere evolved into states
B. the emergence of states began
C. most chiefdoms declined and people were regrouped into egalitarian forms of sociopolitical organization
D. Mesoamerica achieved stability in all regions
Q:
The mounds in the Ohio River Valley were built by a lost race known as the Moundbuilders.
Q:
Evidence for socially sanctioned violence in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Middle/Late Formative is seen:
A. in the valley's settlement pattern, which is entirely filled in
B. at San Jos Mogote where a large temple was newly built
C. in the portrayal of a sacrificed captive
D. at Monte Albn, where rulers performed ceremonies
Q:
Like the mounds, Hopewell domestic settlements are numerous and are easily found by archaeologists.
Q:
The Adena and Hopewell were periods of intensive mound building in the Oaxaca Valley.
Q:
In the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, during the Middle/Late Formative, the settlement of _____ came to be eclipsed by ______.
A. Monte Albn / Kaminaljuy
B. San Jos Mogote / Chalcatzingo
C. Takalik Abaj / Chalchuapa
D. San Jos Mogote / Monte Albn
Q:
Poverty Point is a mound site built by the Adena culture.
Q:
The Late Formative was characterized by cultural dynamics, with the most important changes occurring in:
A. the Valley of Oaxaca
B. the Gulf lowlands
C. the Maya lowlands
D. northern Mexico
Q:
Shell middens are sites built up of discarded shells.
Q:
During the Middle/Late Formative (600"300 bc):
A. Olmec influence was at its greatest extent in Mesoamerica
B. the Maya cultural horizon replaced the Olmec cultural horizon
C. hunting and gathering predominated as the major subsistence strategy
D. Mesoamerica was characterized by widespread regional developments
Q:
MATCHING 2
1) Tortilla
2) Chocolate
3) Jewelry
4) Resist Ware
5) Blades
A. Wax
B. Jade
C. Maize
D. Obsidian
E. Cacao
Q:
At both Shabik"eschee Village and the SU site, unusual structures were found that appear to have played a communal function.
Q:
The widespread introduction of pottery into the Southwest happened at the beginning of the Formative period.
Q:
MATCHING 1
1) San Jos Mogote
2) Tres Zapotes
3) Kaminaljuy
4) Monte Albn
5) Loma Torremote
A. Middle/Late Formative Oaxacan primate center
B. Center in the Guatemala highlands
C. Patron"client relationship
D. Middle/Late Formative Olmec center
E. Oaxacan site eclipsed by Monte Albn
Q:
In the Maya lowlands during the Middle/Late Formative:
A. many areas were abandoned until the Classic period
B. the largest site in Mesoamerica was built
C. there is as yet no archaeological evidence for habitation
D. numerous sites experienced steady growth
Q:
Found inside Structure E-III-3 at Kaminaljuy was:
A. an elaborate tomb with human sacrifices and offerings
B. an offering of sacrificed animals, including numerous jaguars and deer
C. a bench that rulers used as a throne
D. a secret passage built to access another part of the site
Q:
Optimal foraging theory is based on the assumption that choices people make reflect altruistic impulses to benefit others.
Q:
Cerro Juanaquea has produced the earliest evidence of domesticated plants in the Americas.
Q:
AMS radiocarbon dating makes it possible to date very small samples.
Q:
In the Guatemala highlands during the Middle/Late Formative:
A. Kaminaljuy experienced a decline in population
B. cacao was imported to grow at higher elevations
C. access to jade sources was controlled by Kaminaljuy
D. the largest mound at Kaminaljuy was constructed
Q:
Guil Naquitz is an early agricultural site in Arizona with canal-irrigated fields.
Q:
Chocolate in ancient Mesoamerica was:
A. primarily consumed as a beverage
B. consumed by everyone on a daily basis
C. mainly grown in highland regions
D. first domesticated by the Aztecs, who used the cacao beans as a medium of exchange
Q:
Teosinte, found in the highlands of Mexico, is the wild ancestor of squash.
Q:
When does maize become a major component of the diet in eastern North America?
a. at the beginning of the Woodland Period
b. after the Woodland Period
c. during the Middle Woodland Period
d. at the beginning of the Late Woodland Period
Q:
Cacao beans:
A. are naturally very sweet when harvested
B. were prepared with sugar cane by ancient Mesoamericans
C. were a medium of exchange
D. were too fragile to transport across Mesoamerica without refrigeration
Q:
Archaeologists have used __________ on skeletal material to determine the role of maize in the diet.
a. macro analysis
b. isotope analysis
c. electron spin resonance
d. radiocarbon analysis
Q:
The translation of the genus name for the cacao tree, from which chocolate is derived, is:
A. "money of the Aztecs"
B. "food of the gods"
C. "divine chow"
D. "addiction of the aphrodisiac"
Q:
The Newark Earthworks in Ohio is attributed to the __________ culture.
a. Ohioan
b. Mississippian
c. Adena
d. Hopewell
Q:
Two important resources (_____ and _____) were located just northeast of Kaminaljuy, Guatemala.
A. shell / clay
B. obsidian / clay
C. jade / shell
D. jade / obsidian
Q:
According to this model, the Hopewell culture earthworks served as the symbolic and ceremonial core of a dispersed settlement pattern.
a. agency theory
b. vacant center pattern
c. central place theory
d. optimal foraging theory
Q:
During the Middle/Late Formative, as the occupation of the Olmec heartland declined, the population of the Guatemala highlands:
A. declined as well
B. stayed the same
C. doubled in size
D. increased tenfold
Q:
Elaborate burial mounds found in Ohio dating to the Woodland Period can be related to the __________ culture.
a. Late Prehistoric
b. Hopewell
c. Mississippian
d. Poverty Point
Q:
From 600 to 300 bc, the centers along the Pacific coastal plain (Isthmus of Tehuantepec and south to El Salvador):
A. were abandoned after trade stopped with the Olmecs
B. flourished as the plain became the dominant region in Mesoamerica
C. were unaffected by the demise of the Olmecs
D. continued to support earlier centers
Q:
According to central place models, the Escuintla region of the southern Pacific Coast has a Late Formative occupation that:
A. is random
B. falls under the Transport and Mercantile Models
C. falls under the Mercantile and Administrative Models
D. falls under the Administrative and Transport Models
Q:
One source of evidence of the diet of past cultures is the study of fecal remains, also known as __________.
a. coprolites
b. fulgerites
c. isotope analysis
d. crotovina
Q:
The Olmec sites of _____ were abandoned by 400 bc.
A. San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotes
B. La Venta and San Lorenzo
C. La Venta, San Lorenzo, and Tres Zapotes
D. San Jos Mogote and Monte Albn
Q:
A Formative period site that exemplifies the transport variant of a central place model is:
A. Teotihuacan
B. Tenochtitlan
C. San Lorenzo
D. Monte Alto
Q:
Which of these statements best applies Hayden's model to the function of Poverty Point?
a. It was a defensive bulwark against invasion from the West.
b. It was the first urban center along the Gulf Coast.
c. It was the administrative center for the Archaic in the Lower Mississippi Valley.
d. It was the focal point of feasting events, servicing the local region.
Q:
This Late Archaic site in Louisiana is characterized by a series of six concentric mounds.
a. Stalling Island
b. Poverty Point
c. Indian Knoll
d. Adena
Q:
Central place models are used in archaeology because:
A. they help to find where sites may be located and why
B. they always reveal exact locations and features on the landscape
C. every type of society falls into one model or another
D. These models are not used in archaeology because they have not been helpful.
Q:
The earliest crude ceramic vessels first appeared in eastern North America in the __________ culture.
a. Green River
b. Weeden Island
c. Stalling Island
d. Adena
Q:
An unbalanced reciprocal relationship in which a person in need of a particular resource requests it from a more powerful individual is called:
A. a patron"client relationship
B. usury
C. a feudal system
D. a market economy
Q:
Though Early and Middle Woodland subsistence was based heavily on cultivated plants, __________ is rare and does not appear to have played a major role in the Woodland diet.
a. maize
b. beans
c. squash
d. wheat
Q:
By the Middle Formative, intensification of agriculture in the Basin of Mexico occurred with the advent of:
A. irrigation
B. a shift in the climate that brought more rainfall to the region
C. crop importation
D. the use of fertilizers
Q:
The widespread use of pottery in the American Southwest around 1,800 years ago marks the beginning of what period?
a. Archaic
b. Early Neolithic
c. Early Woodland
d. Formative
Q:
In the Basin of Mexico, the site of _____ served as a central place in the Middle/Late Formative.
A. Teotihuacan
B. Tenochtitlan
C. Cuicuilco
D. Zacatenco
Q:
Marketplaces in Mesoamerica:
A. had their roots in the Archaic period
B. had developed by the Late Formative
C. did not flourish until the Classic period
D. cannot be detected archaeologically
Q:
Which of the following sites used canals to irrigate their fields?
a. Las Capas
b. Cerro Juanaquea
c. Milagro
d. Poverty Point
Q:
__________ is based on the assumption that humans act on the basis of rational self-interest in collecting resources.
a. Simple hunting and gathering
b. Optimal foraging theory
c. Agency theory
d. Systems theory
Q:
The ancient Mesoamerican marketplace:
A. is analogous to the market economy of the modern world
B. was a place reserved for the trade of luxury items, but not of basic items such as food
C. was dominated by barter exchange, although a few societies developed an exchange medium
D. relied extensively on the use of money made of bark paper for exchange
Q:
Which of these was the only animal domesticated in Mesoamerica?
a. dogs
b. chickens
c. turkeys
d. guinea pigs
Q:
Archaeologists employ settlement models:
A. because data are lacking and the models fill in the gaps
B. to identify marketplaces
C. to understand dominant societal processes
D. to combine the divinatory almanac with archaeological data
Q:
The danzantes of Monte Albn's Early I phase most likely illustrate:
A. dancers
B. sacrificial victims
C. kings and queens
D. ball players
Q:
The settlement of Monte Albn Early I:
A. can be called a primate center
B. was the first true city in Mesoamerica
C. contained dozens of different neighborhoods
D. lacked monumental architecture
Q:
What early agricultural site has over eight kilometers of stone terrace walls?
a. Cerro Juanaquea
b. Guil Naquitz
c. Poverty Point
d. Milagro
Q:
Evidence suggesting that tortillas first appeared in Mesoamerica during the Middle/Late Formative periods is found in:
A. fossilized food remains in caves
B. the stone sculptures that depict captives eating tortillas
C. ceramic bowls with painted pictures of tortillas
D. flat griddles used for cooking tortillas
Q:
The earliest domesticated plant in the Americas is __________, which dates to between 10,000 and 8,300 years ago.
a. squash
b. maize
c. chenopodium
d. beans
Q:
The process of nixtamalization involves:
A. making plaster out of limestone to coat building facades
B. combining corn, beans, and squash
C. preparing tamales for festivals
D. soaking corn kernels in water and ground limestone
Q:
What refinement of radiocarbon dating makes it possible to date very small samples?
a. optically stimulated luminescence
b. obsidian hydration
c. accelerator mass spectrometry
d. electron spin resonance
Q:
In ancient Mesoamerica, if you happened to be born on an unlucky day in the calendar:
A. you were sentenced to death
B. your date of birth was concealed
C. your parents were punished
D. you were doomed to be sacrificed
Q:
Which of these is an early domesticated plant in Mesoamerica?
a. tomatoes
b. squash
c. rhubarb
d. cabbage
Q:
Excavations at __________ have produced the earliest evidence of domesticated plants in the Americas.
a. Poverty Point
b. Guil Naquitz
c. Las Capas
d. Milagro