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Q:
The Early Formative Copacha culture of West Mexico is best known for:
A. the extensive excavations there, which have revealed large farming villages
B. practising early brain surgery, as evidenced in the burial remains
C. building the earliest ball court in Mesoamerica
D. its gourd-shaped ceramics
Q:
The ________ Period is characterized by hunter-gatherers subsisting on a broad range of plants and animals.
a. Chalcolithic
b. Natufian
c. Early Neolithic
d. Kebaran
Q:
Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the Fertile Crescent?
a. It is an area between the Middle East and India.
b. It is a ribbon of Mediterranean climate that arcs across the Middle East.
c. It was the region where rice was domesticated.
d. It has wet summers and dry winters.
Q:
In the Early Formative of West Mexico, ______ are known from the El Opeo culture.
A. shaft tombs
B. gourd-shaped ceramics
C. colossal heads
D. Mesoamerica's first pottery vessels
Q:
Ester Boserup suggested that __________ might be the cause of the shift to agriculture.
a. a shift from trust to domination
b. the rise of social inequality
c. a desire for a surplus
d. increased population size
Q:
During the Early Formative, in the Central Highlands of Puebla, Morelos, and the Basin of Mexico:
A. populations abandoned the area for the Gulf Lowlands
B. the massive site of Teotihuacan was built
C. populations and settlements became larger
D. the Olmecs moved into these regions to set up colonies
Q:
Olmec iconography:
A. was confined to the Gulf Lowlands where it was invented
B. emanated from the Valley of Oaxaca
C. occurred across all of Mesoamerica
D. has been found in various parts of Mesoamerica
Q:
Trade during the Early Formative:
A. was vigorous all across Mesoamerica
B. was confined to the Yucatn Peninsula
C. took place with the exchange only of unbreakable commodities, such as magnetite
D. can be documented for the Gulf Lowlands and Valley of Oaxaca
Q:
Marshall Sahlins described hunter-gatherers as __________.
a. middle stage barbarians
b. the original affluent society
c. broad spectrum foragers
d. evolutionary throw-backs
Q:
The significance of the Tierras Largas site in Oaxaca is that it exemplifies:
A. an Olmec ritual site
B. the continuity of village life through the centuries
C. an emerging capital of a complex society
D. the largest Early Formative site in Mesoamerica
Q:
V. Gordon Childe defined the transition to agriculture as __________.
a. cultural evolution
b. the Neolithic Revolution
c. a shift from savagery to barbarism
d. broad spectrum foraging
Q:
__________ is a component of the study of agriculture.
a. Community
b. Aesthetics
c. Stratification
d. Architecture
Q:
Monte Verde is the earliest known site in Australia.
Q:
During the Early Formative era, half the population of the Oaxaca Valley of Mexico was concentrated at:
A. San Jos Mogote
B. Tierras Largas
C. Monte Albn
D. San Lorenzo
Q:
The Olmecs:
A. possessed some degree of social complexity, judging from the hierarchical themes in their art
B. had many politically unified centers, such as San Lorenzo and La Venta, all under a single ruler who unified the Olmec kingdom into a grand empire
C. were the first to domesticate maize and settle down to a farming way of life
D. were an entirely egalitarian society since they lived during the Formative period
Q:
The ratio of Carbon-14 to nonradioactive carbon is a global constant.
Q:
The Nenana culture is the earliest culture in Beringia.
Q:
The Olmec art style:
A. is difficult to distinguish from later Maya and Aztec motifs
B. is exemplified by the were-jaguar
C. was confined to the Olmec heartland alone
D. depicts their egalitarian society
Q:
Clovis culture is the earliest evidence of human occupation in Australia.
Q:
A characteristic theme of Olmec art is:
A. depiction of human"beast hybrids
B. representation of the elderly in various authoritative poses
C. manioc, an important root crop
D. the Feathered Serpent
Q:
Folsom points have a flute or channel down the middle to allow blood from the wounded animal to drain efficiently.
Q:
More colossal heads were built at _______ than at any other Olmec site.
A. San Lorenzo Tenochtitln
B. La Venta
C. Tres Zapotes
D. Cobata
Q:
Fire-stick farming refers to the use of controlled burning to clear area for crops.
Q:
The colossal heads of the Olmecs:
A. may have portrayed the rulers of a site
B. were built from local white clay that was fired to harden it
C. numbered in the tens of thousands and were found everywhere
D. were portraits of a Mother Goddess
Q:
The exceptional preservation of artifacts at El Manat, near San Lorenzo Tenochtitln, is due to the:
A. special clays in which the objects were buried
B. extreme dryness of the arid cave sites
C. total submersion of the objects in water
D. durability of the objects themselves
Q:
Early modern humans were able to cross over to Australia on the Wallacea land bridge between 53,000"60,000 years ago.
Q:
The Olmec site that is strategically located on the hill of Loma del Zapote and overlooks the confluence of two rivers is:
A. El Manat
B. El Azazul
C. Potrero Nuevo
D. San Lorenzo Tenochtitln
Q:
Homo floresiensis is the first hominin species to appear in China.
Q:
San Lorenzo Tenochtitln:
A. was an important trading site of the Teotihuacanos
B. peaked from about 1200 to 900 bc
C. has been completely covered over by silt from flooding which led to its demise
D. was most important from 900 to 600 bc
Q:
The Wallace Line separates the prehistoric landmasses known as Sunda and Sahul.
Q:
The ancients who lived at San Lorenzo Tenochtitln:
A. constructed monuments from local stone
B. built the most important Formative site in Mesoamerica
C. peaked in population at the end of the Formative period
D. located their center atop a high mountain for defensive purposes
Q:
The first hominins in Australia and the Americas were Homo erectus.
Q:
Olmec civilization:
A. can be considered to be emergent rather than fully developed
B. was best known for its complex writing system
C. was characterized by extreme stratification of the populace into several classes
D. developed the largest cities in Mesoamerica's prehistory
Q:
Civilizations are identified in the archaeological record specifically by:
A. those sites with domesticated species
B. sites where pottery was produced
C. monumental art and architecture
D. the remains of houses
Q:
Excavations at the __________ site revealed evidence of a mass bison kill.
a. Blackwater Draw
b. Olsen-Chubbock
c. Folsom
d. Nenana
Q:
The concept of civilization:
A. is used to connote any ancient society
B. refers primarily to elite expressions of a culture
C. is equated with the various basic societal types discussed in the textbook
D. is not used to understand the archaeological record
Q:
The __________ hypothesis argues that the origin of the Clovis culture lies in the European Upper Paleolithic.
a. Solutrean
b. Chatelperronian
c. Auregnacian
d. Gravettian
Q:
The Olmecs and other Mesoamericans consider _____ to be passageways to the interior of the Earth.
A. rivers
B. cliffs
C. caves
D. lakes
Q:
Which of the following statements is true concerning the skeleton found in Kennewick, Washington?
a. The remains are clearly of Nez Pierce ancestry, and have been returned to tribal lands.
b. It provides strong evidence that the earliest Americans arrived from Europe.
c. The skeleton is more than 9,000 years old.
d. The find was a fraud; the skeleton is only a few hundred years old.
Q:
Discoveries at __________ demonstrate that people were living in the Brazilian rain forest at the same time as the Clovis culture in North America.
a. Blackwater Draw
b. Pedra Pintada
c. Quebrada Tacahuay
d. Monte Verde
Q:
The site that poses the most serious threat to the Clovis First hypothesis is __________.
a. Blackwater Draw, New Mexico
b. Monte Verde, Chile
c. Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru
d. Pedra Pintada, Brazil
Q:
During the Early Formative, Olmec subsistence:
A. was based on foraging
B. consisted of slash-and-burn agriculture
C. was intensive agriculture with complex irrigation networks
D. did not include maize
Q:
Which of the following is a pre-Clovis site?
a. Meadowcroft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania
b. Ngandong, Indonesia
c. Nauwalabila I, Australia
d. Pedra Furada, Brazil
Q:
The Olmecs were first made known to us by:
A. the numerous portable art items found throughout Mesoamerica
B. discovery of one of their major sites, La Venta
C. the hundreds of colossal stone heads sculpted by them throughout the American tropics
D. explorers in the early 1800s who recorded their major sites
Q:
The were-jaguar is a representation of the Olmec supernatural. It features a:
A. cleft head and snarling mouth
B. very hairy jaguar
C. face with sharp jaguar teeth and large round eyes
D. were-wolf's head and a jaguar's body
Q:
The earliest culture in Beringia, dated to 14,000 to 12,800, is called the __________ culture.
a. Nenana
b. Early Arrival
c. Folsom
d. Clovis
Q:
The name "Olmecs":
A. refers to the Aztec people
B. comes from the Spanish language
C. refers to rubber country
D. means "grinding stone"
Q:
Which migration route has been proposed for entry of humans into the Americas?
a. northward along the eastern North American coast
b. through the ice-free corridor
c. across the Pacific Ocean
d. across the southern Atlantic Ocean
Q:
A challenge to conducting archaeology in the Gulf Lowlands is that:
A. the steep mountains make access difficult
B. the waves on the beaches have eroded any trace of past habitation
C. a swampy environment negatively affects preservation and retrieval of materials
D. the scrub vegetation hampers walking over the landscape to locate remains
Q:
Mesoamerican jade:
A. comes primarily from the Northern Arid Zone
B. originates almost exclusively from Guatemala
C. is a term that refers only to jadeite
D. was restricted to the depiction of deities
Q:
The land bridge that connected Asia and North America during periods of low sea level is called _________.
a. the ALCAN highway
b. Beringia
c. Wallacea
d. the Aleutian Islands
Q:
Jade in Mesoamerica:
A. has sources throughout all regions
B. symbolizes death
C. was first worked by the Aztecs
D. is not true mineralogical jade, but jadeite
Q:
Which of these is a model for the human occupation of the Americas?
a. Beringia
b. Indigenous development
c. Clovis First
d. Wallacea Ancestry
Q:
During the Early Formative:
A. large cities with millions of inhabitants emerged in the Gulf Lowlands
B. intensive agriculture spread to all areas of Mesoamerica
C. tribal horticultural villages were the norm
D. people stopped foraging entirely
Q:
Folsom points can be recognized by what distinctive feature?
a. a bifacial edge
b. a shiny, black surface
c. a basal notching
d. a center flute
Q:
The Early Formative era:
A. is when the first ball court was built
B. dates from 1200 to 900/800 bc
C. is when evidence for state-level societies first appears
D. spans a few centuries from ad 600 to 800
Q:
The earliest agreed upon evidence of human occupation in North America is called the __________.
a. Olsen-Chubbock site
b. Clovis culture
c. Folsom culture
d. Atlantean culture
Q:
MATCHING 2
1) Rubber
2) Obsidian
3) Cacao
4) Clay
5) Polished stone
A. Prismatic blades
B. Pottery vessels
C. Mirror
D. Ball-game equipment
E. Chocolate
Q:
The Australian rock art site at __________ contains a 4,000-year-old beeswax depiction of a turtle.
a. Nauwalabila I
b. Ngandong
c. Gunbilngmurrung
d. Lake Mungo
Q:
__________ refers to the use of controlled burning to improve hunting conditions.
a. Fire-starting
b. Fire-stick farming
c. Swidden horticulture
d. Pyrohusbandry
Q:
MATCHING 1
1) Paso de la Amada
2) San Jos Mogote
3) El Caln
4) Matanchn
5) Ocs and La Victoria
A. Earliest New World monumental structure
B. Archaic-style complex with no ceramics
C. Mokaya culture
D. Earliest Mesoamerican ball court
E. Men's house
Q:
Large mammals that lived during the Pleistocene are collectively known as __________.
a. mastodons
b. megafauna
c. gigamammals
d. marsupials
Q:
By the end of the Formative period:
A. all Mesoamericans lived in hierarchical societies
B. the Olmecs had conquered much of Mesoamerica
C. there was still a heavy reliance on wild species for subsistence
D. small autonomous agricultural villages were the norm
Q:
Where is the earliest evidence for human occupation of Australia found?
a. Nauwalabila I
b. Wallacea
c. Lake Mungo
d. Tasmania Cave
Q:
A milpa is a:
A. swamp
B. farm plot
C. digging stick
D. type of maize
Q:
The Initial Formative sites of Matanchn and El Caln are:
A. centers for early ball courts
B. rubber-producing centers
C. where large shell mounds were constructed
D. locations of ancient men's houses
Q:
This controversial tiny hominin was discovered on an island northwest of Australia and dates to between 46,000 to 27,000 years ago.
a. Homo sapiencitas
b. Homo wallacea
c. Homo floresiensis
d. Homo hobbitensis
Q:
A community house or "men's house" was identified during the Initial Formative era at:
A. Paso de La Amada
B. Tehuacn
C. Cuicuilco
D. San Jos Mogote
Q:
What is the boundary that separates Sunda and Sahul called?
a. the Marianas Trench
b. the Wallace Line
c. Arnhem Land
d. Beringia
Q:
Pottery vessels in Mesoamerica:
A. came primarily in two or three shapes with little variation from region to region
B. can be used to indicate chronology
C. do not easily reveal their function
D. are rare in the archaeological record of this culture area
Q:
You are digging part of a site in Mesoamerica and uncover sherds from basins, griddles, and jars. It is most likely that this area was:
A. used for cooking
B. used for storage
C. a ceremonial building
D. where pottery was produced
Q:
The most recent known Homo erectus fossil is from what site?
a. Nauwalabila Island, Australia
b. Ngandong, Java
c. Lake Mungo, Australia
d. Sahul Land
Q:
The coa is the:
A. Aztec name for a digging stick
B. Olmec name for rubber
C. earliest pottery vessel form
D. Mayan name for maize
Q:
The initial hominin occupation of Australia and the Americas was by which species?
a. Homo erectus
b. Homo floresiensis
c. Neanderthals
d. Homo sapiens
Q:
Glottochronology is a:
A. sacrificial practice involving the cutting of the tongue
B. method for tracing the connections between languages
C. way of making the best rubber balls for the ball game
D. method of dating remains of written languages
Q:
What is the Solutrean hypothesis?
Q:
What is the Early Arrival Model for migration into the Americas?
Q:
Rubber in Mesoamerica:
A. was used only for making balls
B. is best grown at high elevations
C. was introduced by the Spaniards
D. was associated with blood
Q:
What is K. R. Fladmark's alternative to migration to North America through an ice-free corridor?
Q:
The site of Paso de La Amada in Chiapas, Mexico, is best known for:
A. its ball court " the first known in Mesoamerica
B. being the area where maize was first domesticated
C. having an ancient men's house
D. inventing pottery