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Q:
What evidence indicates that the Bering Land Bridge model cannot explain the entirety of the peopling of the New World?
Q:
A true alphabet was first developed by the _________ before 1000 bc and was the source of inspiration for subsequent alphabetic writing systems used by the Hebrews and the Greeks.
a) Philistines
b) Egyptians
c) Phoenicians
d) Persians
e) Assyrians
Q:
What is the Holocene?
Q:
From 1530 to 1155 bc the ceremonial capital of the Kassites, who spoke a language unrelated to any other known language, was:
a) Jerusalem
b) Ur
c) Akkad
d) Babylon
e) Hattusa
Q:
Who was the Kennewick man? Why are the remains important for understanding the settlement of the New World?
Q:
After the collapse of Mittani, the dominance of the city of Ashur rose to a point where it became the first capital of:
a) the Persian Empire
b) the Akkadian Empire
c) the Hittite Empire
d) the Assyrian Empire
e) the Egyptian Empire
Q:
The Epipaleolithic of the Near East was more dependent on wild nut and seed crops than the Mesolithic in northern Europe.
Q:
Much of our information about the political situation of Southwest Asia during the 14th century bc comes from the so-called __________, associated with the reign of the pharaoh Akhenaten.
a) Mari archive
b) Code of Hammurabi
c) Amarna Letters
d) Narum Sin Stela
e) Vase of Warka
Q:
Foragers are typically associated with large, sedentary villages and dense populations.
Q:
The wealthy site of Ugarit on the Mediterranean coast of what is now Syria was economically connected to the Hittite Empire and was a major center of ________ in the 14th century bc.
a) mining and low-level manufacture
b) trade and commerce
c) education and philosophy
d) monotheism
e) all of the above
Q:
During the early and middle Holocene, many groups adopt an intensive hunting, fishing, and gathering lifestyle.
Q:
The Uluburun shipwreck appears to have been a trading vessel that sank off the coast of Turkey in the 14th century bc. Trade goods originally from _________ have been recovered from this wreck.
a) the Levant
b) Cyprus
c) Egypt
d) Mycenaean Greece
e) all of the above
Q:
In many parts of North America, hunter-gatherer lifeways were less the collector than the forager type common among their Paleo-Indian ancestors.
Q:
Hattusa in north-central Anatolia was the capital of:
a) the Akkadian Empire
b) the Sumerian city-states
c) the Babylonian Empire
d) the Hittite Empire
e) the Persian Empire
Q:
The site of _______ in western Syria was a key point where east"west and north"south trade routes met during the middle Bronze Age and is the site of the great palace of Zimri-Lim.
a) Babylon
b) Troy
c) Mari
d) Susa
e) Akkad
Q:
Compared with foragers, food collectors rely much more on a few seasonally abundant resources, and their camps often show evidence of specialized processing and storage technologies.
Q:
Hammurabi, famous today for his law code, was the king of:
a) Akkad
b) Susa
c) Troy
d) Babylon
e) Sumer
Q:
An increase of average July temperature by perhaps 20 degrees Fahrenheit has meant much that we have yet to learn about Upper Paleolithic and Archaic/Mesolithic coastal adaptations lies buried under hundreds of feet of seawater off modern coastlines.
Q:
A ziggurat is:
a) another term for a cylinder seal
b) a staged tower that was surmounted by a shrine and was accessed by a series of staircases
c) a type of siege device used by the Akkadians to conquer their enemies
d) the term used to describe the writing system used in most of Southwest Asia
e) a unit of measure employed by the Sumerians
Q:
There is clear evidence implicating humans in the extinction of many species of New World animals at the end of the Pleistocene.
Q:
Paleoindians almost exclusively hunted megafauna.
Q:
By combining archaeological information with information gleaned from what was once thought to be fictional texts, Heinrich Schliemann identified the Turkish site of Hissarlik as the famous city of:
a) Atlantis
b) Athens
c) Mycenae
d) Babylon
e) Troy
Q:
Evidence from the Upper Paleolithic in Asia shows that there is no evidence for occupation prior to the initial occupation of the New World.
Q:
During the reign of Sargon (2334"2279 bc) this political entity became Southwest Asia's first empire:
a) the Sumerian Empire
b) the Uruk Empire
c) the Phoenician Empire
d) the Akkadian Empire
e) the Persian Empire
Q:
The earliest skeletons from the New World show greater biological diversity than do modern Native Americans.
Q:
During the Early Dynastic period
a) some Sumerian city-states traded with upper Mesopotamia and Iran, but each region had a distinct culture
b the Sumerian city-states were dominated by the cultures of Iran and administered from the Iranian site of Susa
c) the Sumerian city-states ruled over the sites of Iran and upper Mesopotamia and imposed their material culture and religion on that region
d) the Sumerian city-states had no contact whatsoever with upper Mesopotamia and Iran
e) both the Sumerian city-states and the cultures of Iran were controlled by Egypt's Pharaoh
Q:
All of the alternative models to the Bering Land Bridge model require the use of watercraft.
Q:
The Sumerian city-states of the Early Dynastic period were dotted over the alluvial landscape of Mesopotamia. This area, called Sumer, is in modern:
a) Iran
b) Egypt
c) Turkey
d) Iraq
e) Israel
Q:
In Lower Mesopotamia, _________ served to both validate administrative activity and to identify individuals involved in economic and administrative transactions.
a) finger prints
b) cylinder seals
c) inked signatures
d) handshakes
e) rubber stamps
Q:
The Bering Land Bridge represents the technologically simplest point of entry to the New World.
Q:
Many of the cultures of Southwest Asia employed a system of writing based on "wedge shaped" characters. This writing is called:
a) hieroglyphics
b) linear A
c) cuneiform
d) Indus Valley script
c) Phoenician
Q:
The Holocene epoch beings around 11,000 years ago.
Q:
The Eanna Precinct, where the goddess Inanna was worshipped, and the An Temple, dedicated to the sky god Anu, are two cult complexes that have been excavated at the site of:
a) Tell el-Amarna
b) Uruk
c) Halaf
d) Babylon
e) Ubaid
Q:
Sites like Ohalo II demonstrate that some food-collecting communities experienced economic changes as long ago as the Last Glacial Maximum, which led to
a. The use of a small range of wild plants and no animals as food.
b. The use of a wide range of wild plants and no animals as food.
c. The use of a wide range of wild plants and animals as food.
d. The use of a small range of wild plants and animals as food.
e. The demise of human populations in the regions affected.
Q:
By 3200 bc the people of Lower Mesopotamia were living in communities that, based on their size and complexity, are considered to be:
a) entirely rural
b) temporary hunter-gatherer camps
c) Egyptian colonies
d) Roman colonies
e) urban
Q:
Between 12,000 and 11,000 ya, the climate associated with the waning Pleistocene changed, exemplified by
a. increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation.
b. decrease in temperature and decrease in precipitation.
c. increase in temperature and increase in precipitation.
d. decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation.
e. stabilization of earlier Pleistocene temperature and precipitation.
Q:
Which of the following reflects the correct chronological order
of the Chalcolithic cultural periods of Southwest Asia:
a) Uruk, Ubaid, Halaf
b) Halaf, Ubaid, Uruk
c) Ubaid, Halaf, Uruk
d) Halaf, Uruk, Ubaid
e) Uruk, Halaf, Ubaid
Q:
A pattern of seasonal settlement movements from one resource zone to another is known as:
a. sedentism
b. transhumance
c. foraging
d. subsistence
e. migration
Q:
Eridu, an important site in southern Iraq that was home to a series of temples dedicated to the god Enki, belongs to what period?
a) the Ubaid
b) the Neolithic
c) the Halaf
d) the Enkidu
e) the Tell el-Amarna
Q:
The term for collector-type hunter-gatherers from the Near East ca. 12,000 ya is
a. Capsian
b. Archaic
c. Paleo-Indian
d. Kebaran
e. Natufian
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Halaf period:
a) the introduction of draft animals
b) a shift to a diet rich in dairy
c) the founding of new settlements where Neolithic peoples had not lived
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Q:
Which of the following describes the primary difference between the diet of people in Northern and Western Europe and those in the Near East?
a. Diet in the Near East included more wild plant foods.
b. The European diet included more plant foods.
c. Diet in the Near East included more animal foods.
d. Coastal resources were much more important in the Near East.
e. Coastal resources were not exploited by European groups.
Q:
The development of ________ in Southwest Asia around 6000 bc enabled more land to be brought under cultivation.
a) slash and burn agriculture
b) fertilizer
c) irrigation
d) land distribution
e) all of the above
Q:
The site of Star Carr, near the North Sea coast, served as a seasonal
a. gathering place for shell fish
b. hunting camp
c. building site for mounds and earthworks
d. whale hunting site
e. shell midden
Q:
Scholars have yet to find any evidence of ritual or cult activity from the European Bronze Age.
Q:
The increase in human dental caries hypoplasias, periodontal disease and overall reduction in tooth size in Natufian skeletons can be attributed to
a. availability of fewer plant resources
b. diet based upon domesticated wild cattle
c. an abundance of animal meat in the diet
d. bows and arrows which allowed more successful hunting
e. predominace of starchy cereal grains in the diet
Q:
Some rock art from Scandinavia appears to depict ships with multiple rowers.
Q:
Eastern Archaic cultures of North America reinforced their claims to homelands by
a. engaging in the potlatch ceremony
b. laying out cemeteries for their dead or building earthwork mounds
c. building large sedentary coastal villages
d. including grave goods in every burial
e. hunting aurochs in abundance
Q:
The highly organized communities of the Pacific Northwest prospered by relying on ritualized redistribution that ensured a wider availability of regionals resources. The communities were also practicing a way of living known as:
a. sedentism
b. domestication
c. foraging
d. transhumance
e. gathering
Q:
Based on evidence such as minted coins bearing the names of rulers, some archaeologists believe that true states formed beyond the Mediterranean in late prehistoric Europe.
Q:
Horses were first domesticated in the colder regions of northern Europe and Scandinavia.
Q:
In what area of North America did highly organized sedentary communities develop based primarily on coastal resources and without domesticated crops?
a. eastern North America
b. Northwest Coast
c. California
d. Great Basin
e. the Southwest
Q:
Raw iron ore is more abundant in Europe than the metals required to manufacture bronze.
Q:
Which of the following constituted the primary plant resources utilized in prehistoric California?
a. pine nuts
b. chenopodium
c. acorns
d. squash
e. corn
Q:
Farming spread across the whole continent of Europe within 2500 years as a result of the movement of people and colonization.
Q:
Hunter-gatherers in Western North America, particularly the Great Basin, tended to focus on what environmental feature in addition to upland resources?
a. marshes
b. deciduous forests
c. coastal resources
d. bison herds
e. desert rodents
Q:
Groups with a subsistence strategy of relying on a wide range of locally available foods which are brought back to base camps are defined as:
a. collectors
b. foragers
c. seasonal extractors
d. residentially mobile
e. Paleo-Indians
Q:
Small groups who are highly mobile and typically move to seasonally available resources are known as:
a. collectors
b. foragers
c. hunter-gatherers
d. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
e. seasonal extractors
Q:
Scientific analyses have shown that the Iceman died of natural causes.
Q:
In what way did the climate changes at the end of the Pleistocene NOT affect technology?
a. boats became more common
b. implements for working wood became more prevalent
c. wood became increasingly important as a raw material
d. wooden dugout canoes were replaced by foot travel
E. skin-covered boats aided in navigating streams and large bodies of water
Q:
Most Neolithic figurines found in southeastern Europe are either female or genderless.
Q:
What factor is associated with the shift away from big game hunting in the temperate latitudes?
a. the development of new technology which allowed them to more efficiently process other resources
b. climate changes which resulted in many former prey animals going extinct or becoming geographically unavailable
c. a decline in human population caused by the environmental shifts made big-game hunting difficult
d. human over-hunting reduced the populations
e. a smaller range of potentially edible species were exploited
Q:
The first faming settlements of mainland Europe were located in what is now Sweden.
Q:
The term used to describe the post-Pleistocene cultures in the Middle East is:
a. Upper Paleolithic
b. Mesolithic
c. Epipaleolithic
d. Archaic
e. Middle Paleolithic
Q:
Aurochs were a type of wild cattle found in Europe during the early Holocene.
Q:
In traditional terminology, Europe entered the ___________ in the early 1st millennium bc.
a) Iron Age
b) Copper Age (Chalcolithic)
c) Mesolithic
d) Neolithic
e) Golden Age
Q:
The spread of Beaker pottery across Western Europe is closely tied to the spread of:
a) metallurgy
b) the plague
c) domesticated grains
d) written language
e) Urnfield cemeteries
Q:
The term used to describe the post-Pleistocene cultures in Europe is:
a. Upper Paleolithic
b. Mesolithic
c. Epipaleolithic
d. Archaic
e. Middle Paleolithic
Q:
Much of our information about the Celts comes from
a) the writing of Herodotus
b) records of the Roman invasions of places such as Gaul
c) the written records of the Celts themselves
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Q:
Which of the following best describes the changes in subsistence practices of groups during the early and middle Holocene?
a. initial systematic exploitation of fish and fowl resources
b. primarily associated with hunting megafauna
c. intensive hunting, fishing, and gathering
d. a decreased emphasis on the importance of plant foods in the diet
e. a switch away from marine resources as sea levels rise
Q:
Which of the following is best describes the current position on the role of humans in megafaunal extinctions?
a. Humans likely played only a small role in this event.
b. Humans and disease played an equal role in this event.
c. Human overhunting was the primary cause.
d. They were likely the result of an extreme period of cold at the end of the Ice Age.
e. Paleo-Indian groups hunted and collected one species of animals, leading to the extinction.
Q:
The exchange of rare items from distant places:
a) inspired Caesar's conquest of Britain
b) did not occur in Europe until after the development of iron technologies
c) was limited to the overland trade in gold
d) was blocked, in Europe, by geographic barriers
e) helped to establish elite identity in the Bronze and Iron Ages
Q:
Evidence used to support the contention that humans were primarily responsible for the Pleistocene extinctions include all of the following except
a. the timing of the arrival of humans in the New World within a few centuries of the extinction of large mammals
b. association between large herbivores and Paleo-Indian points
c. a similar pattern of extinction in Asia
d. large herbivores have been excavated from sites with the weapons used to kill them
e. overhunting by rapidly expanding human populations
Q:
Preserved bog bodies, which date to around the 1st millennium bc,
a) primarily represent unfortunate travelers who became lost and were drowned in the bog
b) are not mentioned in Roman texts
c) appear to represent intentional acts, perhaps capital punishment or human sacrifice
d) represent people who died of natural causes
e) are found only in the warm climates of the Mediterranean
Q:
The Folsom and Plano cultures are primarily associated with use in hunting what type of animal?
a. deer
b. bison
c. mammoths
d. camelids
e. sloths
Q:
In strictly ethnic terms, there may never have been a unified and united group of people who called themselves:
a) the Celts
b) the Romans
c) the Greeks
d) the Norse
e) all of the above
Q:
Paleo-Indian subsistence is best defined as
a. variable based on local environmental conditions
b. based mostly on marine resources
c. a uniform pattern of specialized megafauna exploitation
d. primarily associated with gathering nut and seed crops
e. focused almost exclusively on mammoths and mastodons
Q:
Fluted point technology
a. is present at the Pre-Clovis site of Monte Verde
b. has clear precursors in northern Asia
c. has no clear Asian predecessors
d. is primarily associated with the Archaic period
e. is probably not an American invention
Q:
During the Late Bronze Age of eastern Europe, many settlements appear to have built fortifications, ditches, and ramparts. These are interpreted as evidence for:
a) a return to semi-sedentism
b) increased armed conflict
c) a peaceful, egalitarian way of life
d) the development of organized religion
e) all of the above
Q:
The Paleo-Indian period is defined by what cultural feature?
a. microblade technology
b. fluted points
c. Venus figurines
d. intensive nut processing
e. canoe and raft technology