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Archaeology
Q:
Later Bronze Age cremation burial cemeteries found in central and eastern Europe are referred to as:
a) Bell Beakers
b) Megaliths
c) Urnfields
d) Barrows
e) Cairns
Q:
Which of the following sites is NOT a candidate for the earliest occupation of the New World?
a. Meadowcroft Rockshelter
b. Pedra Furada
c. Monte Verde
d. Beringia
e. Cactus Hill
Q:
A massive bronze krater (mixing bowl) dating to 530 bc was found in a grave at the site of Vix in France, indicating that the region had extensive trade connections. The krater was made by ____________ craftsmen:
a) African
b) Greek
c) Russian
d) Chinese
e) Scandinavian
Q:
Which of the following best describes the importance of the Monte Verde site?
a. It provides solid evidence for the Bering Land Bridge Theory.
b. It conclusively links the Solutrean and Clovis cultures.
c. It provides definitive evidence for pre-Clovis occupations.
d. It is indicative of marine dependence during the Paleo-Indian period.
e. It contains evidence for the earliest skeletons in the New World.
Q:
This pottery shape is seen throughout Europe from around the middle of the 3rd millennium bc, and is thought to have been used to hold either a honey-based drink or beer.
a) the bell beaker
b) the urn
c) the tripod cauldron
d) the pint
e) the hogshead
Q:
The earliest Americans are known to have arrived in the Americas no later than:
a. 45,000 ya.
b. 30,000 ya.
c. 20,000 ya.
d. 13,000 ya.
e. 8,000 ya.
Q:
Bronze is made from a combination of tin and:
a) iron
b) copper
c) silver
d) steel
e) sand
Q:
The introduction of ____________ at the end of the 3rd millennium bc stimulated the development of new long-distance connections across Europe.
a) writing
b) ceramics
c) ships with sails
d) bronzeworking
e) spoken language
Q:
Based on the cultural data, which of the following best describes the opinion of the majority of archaeologists regarding the origins of Native Americans?
a. Native American populations originated in Asia.
b. Native American populations are the result of multiple migrations from both Asia and Western Europe.
c. Native Americas only traveled along the Bering Land Bridge route.
d. It is unclear where the Native American populations originated.
e. Many Native American populations are likely the result of boat travel from Polynesia.
Q:
Which of the following conclusions have NOT been reached concerning variability in Native American mtDNA?
a. These populations were derived from a single northeastern Asian population.
b. There were 4-5 founding maternal lineages.
c. The populations were the result of multiple migrations starting 20,000 years ago.
d. The populations were the result of one migration ca. 20,000 years ago.
e. The physical traits shared by modern Native Americans are a produce of founder effect.
Q:
___________ were a prominent feature of the north European Neolithic, and were connected with display and prestige, as well as with practical tasks.
a) plastered skulls
b) bronze pectorals
c) polished stone axes
d) chariots
e) cremation urns
Q:
The presence of morphological variability in skeletons from Asia and the Americas indicates that
a. there were likely multiple migrations to the New World
b. humans evolved independently in the Americas
c. there was significant genetic drift among New World populations
d. non-Asian populations are likely responsible for the earliest settlement
e. the Bering Land Bridge was not a route for the entrance of humans to the New World
Q:
Stonehenge
a) was built by the Druids immediately before the Roman conquest of Britain
b) was only one element of a larger, interconnected sacred landscape
c) is the only ancient monument located on the Salisbury plain
d) is now thought to be a 18th-century hoax
e) was the residence of an elite family; it was a palace.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the physical characteristics of the earliest human skeletons from the Americas?
a. They closely resemble modern Native Americans.
b. They display generalized traits common among Ainu and Australian populations.
c. They represent a blend of Asian and European traits.
d. They resemble Upper Paleolithic European populations.
e. They do not show similarities with any other populations.
Q:
The complex hunter-gatherer group that inhabited Scandinavia in the Late Mesolithic was the:
a) Erteblle-Ellerbek Culture
b) Bandkeramik Culture
c) Celts
d) Druids
e) Menhir Culture
Q:
Which of the following factors is NOT used to support the Pacific Coastal Route model?
a. the colonization of Australia by 40,000 ya.
b. the presence of early coastal sites in South America
c. the demonstrated presence of marine-adapted human populations in northeastern Asia
d. the relative lack of interior sites in North America
e. the technological capabilities of Late Pleistocene populations
Q:
Cromlechs, menhirs, and henges are all examples of:
a) later Neolithic stone tools
b) megalithic monuments
c) pottery shapes produced by the Bandkeramik culture
d) patterns seen in Celtic gold work
e) the wild ancestors of modern cattle
Q:
This 6th millennium bc cultural group, whose settlements took the form of massive longhouses, had its origins in Hungary but eventually spread across the whole of central Europe.
a) Knossos
b) Star Carr
c) Bandkeramik
d) the Druids
e) the Celts
Q:
The earliest evidence in Europe for _____________ comes from sites near Almera in Spain.
a) weaving
b) ironworking
c) copperworking
d) written language
e) rice cultivation
Q:
Discuss the Upper Paleolithic cultural period, including innovations in technology, art and burials.
Q:
The burials at the 5th millennium bc cemetery at Varna in Bulgaria are best known for their abundant objects of personal adornment made out of:
a) wool
b) iron
c) gold
d) jade
e) papyrus
Q:
What were the environmental and climatic conditions from 40,000 ya to 10,000 ya in Eurasia? How did these factors influence the technological and cultural innovations of Upper Paleolithic humans?
Q:
In Greece and the southern Balkans, the use of clay (either mud-brick or daub) for building, coupled with the stability and concentration of settlement, led to the formation of mounds known as:
a) aurochs
b) tells
c) mobile and ephemeral camps
d) henges
e) oppida
Q:
Discuss the evidence that suggests modest interbreeding took place between Neandertals and modern humans.
Q:
The establishment of a farming settlement Knossos on Crete around 7000 bc indicates that the colonist farmers from Anatolia must have reached parts of Europe by:
a) land bridge
b) using wheeled vehicles
c) gliders
d) dogsled
e) boat
Q:
Discuss the two main hypotheses that have been used to explain the origin and dispersal of modern humans.
Q:
In explanations for the spread of farming into mainland Europe:
a) some evidence supports the idea that agriculture was introduced by incoming farmers who forced earlier societies out
b) some evidence supports the idea that agriculture was adopted by pre-existing European groups
c) all evidence indicates that the plants and animals that were farmed in Europe were domesticated in Europe
d) b and c
e) a and b
Q:
Why do most paleoanthropologists agree that several fossil forms, dating back to 100,000 ya, should be included in as fully modern humans?
Q:
Describe the remains found in African sites that indicate accomplishments in Upper Paleolithic art and technology.
Q:
Our understanding of the development and spread of dairying in Europe has been greatly expanded upon through studies of the human gene for:
a) language
b) lactose tolerance in adults
c) red hair
d) resistance to small pox
e) green eyes
Q:
At the waterlogged Mesolithic site of __________ in Northeast England, 21 modified deer skulls with their antlers still attached have been found. These appear to have been used as headdresses by the hunter-gatherers who used that site.
a) Star Carr
b) Jorvik
c) Danbury
d) Stonehenge
e) Avebury
Q:
Why are the Upper Paleolithic cave paintings significant to the understanding of the Upper Paleolithic?
Q:
During the early Holocene in Europe:
a) sea levels dropped as did population levels
b) glaciers advanced forcing humans southward
c) shorelines sank due to the added weight of new glaciers
d) plants and animals recolonized areas that had been too cold and dry during the Ice Age
e) megafauna such as wooly mammoths thrived and increased
Q:
What does the discovery of Homo floresiensis tell us about the adaptive potential of humans?
Q:
The modern country of Zimbabwe, formerly called Rhodesia, took its name from one of Africa's largest and most impressive archaeological sites.
Q:
Review the evidence relative to the human occupation of Australia.
Q:
The Egyptians were the only African culture to build pyramids.
Q:
Summarize the importance of the discovery of the child's skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho relative to the debate on modern human origins.
Q:
Egypt eventually became a colony of the Roman Empire.
Q:
Define the problematic nature of the genetic evidence regarding the origins of modern Homo sapiens.
Q:
The famous pyramids of Giza were built during a time period known as the Old Kingdom.
Q:
Summarize the main points of the various Replacement Models.
Q:
Bananas and plantains were introduced to southern Africa from Southeast Asia, perhaps through Madagascar.
Q:
By 165,000 ya individuals were using fire at Blombos Cave, as evidenced by microliths that show evidence that the stone had been carefully heated.
Q:
Bone tools, beads, and decorated ocher fragments were found at Blombos Cave as old as 73,000 years old.
Q:
At African sites, the adoption of pottery always came after the adoption of agriculture.
Q:
Domesticated sheep and goats were most likely introduced to Africa from Southwest Asia.
Q:
The bow and arrow seems to have first appeared during the Magdalenian.
Q:
In early Holocene east Africa, obsidian was traded over long distances prior to the adoption of farming.
Q:
The Upper Paleolithic was a period during which there were rapid shifts in climatic conditions.
Q:
The morphology of the child's skeleton from Abrigo do Lagar Velho in Portugal has been cited as support for the regional continuity model for understanding modern human origins.
Q:
It is quite easy for researchers to assign dates to nearly all the rock art of southern Africa because most of it is found in deep cave sites near artifacts that can be carbon dated.
Q:
Because Africa is so small it is not environmentally diverse: the climate is roughly the same throughout the continent.
Q:
Genetic evidence indicates that all native Australians are descendants of a single migration 50 kya.
Q:
There is evidence of chronological overlap in occupation of the Near East by Neandertals and modern humans.
Q:
Lagar Velho is an important Upper Paleolithic site located in the Near East.
Q:
Europeans were able to begin to explore the coasts of Africa in the 15th century as a result of:
a) climate change
b) the closing of the overland Silk Road
c) improvements in sailing technology
d) information gleaned from the natives of Brazil
e) all of the above
Q:
It is hypothesized that some population of inhabitants from Indonesia was the first group to colonize Australia.
Q:
One clear indicator of the deep and enduring impact of Arab traders in North and West Africa is the adoption of
a) paper money
b) cuneiform writing
c) the Egyptian language
d) Christianity
e) Islam
Q:
As a group, the specimens from Skhūl all have modern human features and none show any hints of premodern features.
Q:
Prior to the 19th century, the cultures of Africa
a) were unknown elsewhere; they had no contact with other regions of the world
b) participated in complex exchange networks that stretched into other continents
c) were simple sedentary societies with no evidence of urbanization
d) were egalitarian: they did not experience warfare or conflict
e) did not have access to metal
Q:
Recent analyses have shown that the mtDNA from fossil modern human skeletons is somewhat limited because mtDNA is a fairly small segment of DAN, and is transmitted between generations as a single unit.
Q:
West African urban centers of the 1st millennium ad:
a) were founded originally by Arab traders
b) were stimulated by, but not initiated by, Arab traders
c) did not participate in the extensive trade networks of Arabs from the north
d) were the result of Egyptian expansion
e) were non-existent
Q:
The earliest identifiable state in Africa outside of Egypt appears to be that of _________, in Nubia (modern Sudan).
a) Amarna
b) Kerma
c) Zimbabwe
d) Bantu
e) Narmer
Q:
The famous Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known as _________, developed a new religion based around the worship of the sun and centered in a new capital city, Amarna. He also may have been the father of King Tutankhamun.
a) Akhenaten
b) Ramesses II
c) Nefertiti
d) Khufu
e) Imhotep
Q:
The partial replacement models have been bolstered by the sequencing of Neandertal genome.
Q:
The ________, which is thought to have been designed by the architect Imhotep, was an architectural innovation: dating to the Early Dynastic period, it is the oldest stone building of its size in the world.
a) the Great Pyramid at Giza
b) the Colossus of Memnon
c) the Great Sphinx
d) the Step Pyramid at Saqqara
e) the Narmer Palette
Q:
The first modern Homo sapiens evolved from Western Europe.
Q:
Ancient Egyptian writing:
a) was developed before the political unification of Egypt
b) was probably introduced to Egypt from Mesopotamia
c) was probably developed independently in Egypt
d) a and b only
e) a and c only
Q:
The transition between premodern and anatomically modern forms of humans may have occurred as early as 500,000 years ago in Africa.
Q:
The annual flooding of the ___________ River produced a strip of extremely fertile agricultural land, which led to successful subsistence strategies that supported the development of one of the worlds most fascinating and complex societies.
a) Amazon
b) Congo
c) Danube
d) Bantu
e) Nile
Q:
According to the text, Blombos Cave is significant for accomplishments in art and technology that compare to similarly dated accomplishments in
a. Europe
b. North America
c. South America
d. Russia
e. Australia
Q:
Early rock art from Africa may be as old as ________ years.
a. 10,000
b. 68,000
c. 100,000
d. 28,000
e. 40,000
Q:
Chickens:
a) were present in Egypt before the rest of Africa
b) were first domesticated in India and Southeast Asia
c) were never kept south of the equator in Africa
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Q:
The cave paintings in the Grotte Chauvet
a. are relatively crude and primitive
b. mostly depict landscapes
c. mostly depict female humans
d. date to about 10,000 ya
e. date to 35,000 ya
Q:
The people who produced the Chifumbaze Complex of pottery and other artifacts swept relatively quickly into much of Africa south of the Equator. Chifumbaze Complex peoples can be described as:
a) mobile hunter-gatherers
b) semi-sedentary pastoralists
c) a nomadic religious group
d) ironworking farmers
e) all of the above
Q:
Lascaux and Altamira
a. are well known Neandertal sites
b. are 20,000 year-old campsites
c. contain evidence of butchered mammoths
d. are famous for their numerous cave bear skulls
e. are famous for their elaborate cave paintings
Q:
It is believed that it was the expansion of ________-speaking people that brought farming to most of Africa south of the Equator.
a) Nok
b) San
c) Khoisan
d) Egyptian
e) Bantu
Q:
The ___________ people of the Jos Plateau in what is now Nigeria were an iron-working culture who are known for their terracotta figures, some of which are life sized.
a) Predynastic
b) Nok
c) Meroitic
d) San
e) Kerma
Q:
Types of Upper Paleolithic art include all of the following except?
a. engravings
b. cave paintings
c. sculptured figurines
d. fired ceramics
e. rock art