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Archaeology
Q:
Intriguing information about Japanese culture in the 3rd century ad, including descriptions of the Wa people whose leaders were female shaman, has been found in Chinese historic texts.
Q:
The extreme climatic conditions on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido favored the persistence of hunter-gather groups up to the present-day Ainu people.
Q:
The majority of Neandertal fossils been found in _____________where they have been most studied.
a. South America
b. Asia
c. India
d. Africa
e. Europe
Q:
Neandertal fossil remains have been found to reach as far back as ________ years ago.
a. 100,000
b. 500,000
c. 65,000
d. 10,000
e. 130,000
Q:
Upper Pleistocene premodern Homo sapiens that have their evolutionary roots in western Europe include
a. Homo sapiens sapiens
b. anatomically modern humans
c. Neandertals
d. Homo ergaster
e. late Homo erectus
Q:
Both rice and millet are native to Korea, they did not need to be introduced from abroad.
Q:
African sites evidencing Neandertal fossils include
a. Olduvai Gorge
b. Broken Hill
c. Laetoli
d. Tabun
e. Shanidar Cave
Q:
Excavations at Ban Non Wat in Thailand fully support the idea that rice farming was developed independently in Southeast Asia and was not introduced by agriculturalists from the north.
Q:
Some assumptions about the hunting capabilities of premodern humans have been challenged by an interesting archaeological find at Schningen. What did they find?
a. a bow and arrow
b. wood spears
c. 4000 nodules from which spear points were struck
d. Use of fire
e. large flakes struck using the Levallois technique
Q:
The Vietnam coast was completely uninhabited until rice-growing settlers arrived there from China.
Q:
Remains evidencing Middle Pleistocene culture indicate that premodern Homo sapiens
a. did not build temporary structures
b. did not exploit different food sources
c. had not learned to exploit marine resources
d. presumably hunted large animals, perhaps horses
e. lived in caves but not open air sites
Q:
Female burials at Neolithic Songze Cultural Sites in the lower Yangzi region often included jade ornaments, and women were sometimes buried with pieces of jade in their mouth.
Q:
Although the sites are clearly complex, no grave goods or village cemeteries have been found associated with the Neolithic settlements of the Yellow River Valley.
Q:
The very presence of any rice grains at a site indicates that the plant had been fully domesticated by the time period that the site dates to.
Q:
The tool technology of premodern Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene
a. carried over from the Acheulian tools of Homo erectus with little change until near the end of the period
b. continued to be mainly the Oldowan tradition
c. incorporated the sophisticated use of bone
d. discontinued the use of stone flakes
e. was the Levallois technique in Southwest Asia
Q:
There was one center of rice domestication: the valley of the Yangzi River.
Q:
Chinese paleoanthropologists argue that Asian premodern human fossils evidence both earlier and later characteristics. The more ancestral traits include
a. very large cranial capacities
b. a sagittal ridge
c. less flattened nasal bones
d. thin walls of the braincase
e. features that unquestionably substantiate that anatomically modern migrants from Africa displaced local populations
Q:
Dated to approximately 500,000-400,000 years ago, the site of______________has yielded a sample of 4,000 fossil fragments representing about twenty-eight premodern Homo sapiens individuals, more than 80% of all Middle Pleistocene hominin remains in the world.
a. Ehringsdorf
b. Sima de los Huesos
c. Steinheim
d. Swanscombe
e. Petralona
Q:
Evidence of Premodern Homo sapiens crania that show possible evidence of cannibalism in the form of cut marks is represented at
a. Broken Hill
b. Tabun
c. Bodo
d. La Chapelle
e. Swanscombe
Q:
Based on analysis of human burials, rice cultivation seems to have reached Japan as a result of the intrusion of outsiders who were most likely from:
a) Vietnam
b) Russia
c) Polynesia
d) Korea
e) Thailand
Q:
Kabwe, Bodo, Florisbad, Elandsfontein and Laetoli are sites that evidence premodern Homo sapiens and are located in
a. Europe
b. Africa
c. Central Asia
d. China
e. Iraq
Q:
Linguistic evidence points to __________ as the ultimate homeland of the ancestors of both the Austroasiatic and Austronesian language families.
a) Taiwan
b) the middle Yangzi Valley
c) the lower Mekong Delta
d) the Korean Peninsula
e) the Bangkok Plain
Q:
Dating too about 850,000 years ago, human fossils from Gran Dolina are placed within Homo
a. erectus
b. habilis
c. neanderthalensis
d. antecessor
e. heidelbergensis
Q:
One of the most complex and enduring hunter-gatherer traditions in the world is the ______ culture that occupied parts of Japan from c. 10,500 to 300 bc and manufactured complex pottery.
a) Chulmun
b) Yayoi
c) Ainu
d) Shikoku
e) Jomon
Q:
Africa sites evidence premodern H. sapien fossils that range from _________ years ago.
a. 200,000
b. 400,000
c. 100,000
d. 600,000
e. 35,000
Q:
The first rice cultivation in _______ is associated with the Yayoi culture, which dates to between 300 bc and 300 ad.
a) Japan
b) Thailand
c) Korea
d) Vietnam
e) Hong Kong
Q:
Compared to Homo erectus, the cranium of the earliest premodern Homo sapiens exhibit
a. a lower forehead
b. a more angled occipital region
c. a smaller average cranial capacity
d. a more rounded braincase
e. a less vertical nose
Q:
_______, which are associated with rice-farming villages in Korea, are tombs constructed out of two large upright stones that are topped with a cap stone.
a) Dolmens
b) Congs
c) Chulmuns
d) Mekongs
e) Jomons
Q:
What can be said about the dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins?
a. Discoveries of their presence come from North America
b. For the first time Europe became more permanently and densely occupied
c. Presence in Asia is noticeably lacking
d. Unlike their H. erectus predecessors they were widely distributed in the Old World
e. Africa was no longer a central area of hominin occupation
Q:
Archaeological evidence has shown that both rice and millet cultivation spread to the Korean Peninsula from China and that millet predates rice in Korea by a few thousand years because:
a) the Neolithic Koreans were at war with the people of the Yangzi River Valley
b) Neolithic Koreans preferred the taste of millet over rice
c) Korea is much colder than sub-tropical China where rice was first domesticated, thus rice had to be selectively adapted to grow in Korea
d) Korea is much warmer than the colder regions of China where rice was first domesticated, thus rice had to be selectively adapted to grow in Korea
e) Korea has few if any swamps and thus rice could not be grown there until sophisticated irrigation techniques were developed
Q:
Non Pa Wai, a Neolithic site located in the Khao Wong Prachan Valley in what is now Thailand, is best known for evidence for the extraction and processing of:
a) human skulls
b) oil
c) coal
d) iron ore
e) copper ore
Q:
During glacial peaks, much of western Europe would have been
a. cut off from the rest of Eurasia
b. covered with desert
c. covered with rain forests
d. unaffected
e. glacial peaks did not occur outside of Africa
Q:
Researchers working at the Neolithic site of Khok Phanom Di near the Gulf of Thailand believe that although the people there had contact with nearby rice growers:
a) the site remained primarily a foraging ground for nomadic hunting groups
b) they subsisted mainly on domesticated millet
c) they would have never intermarried or traded with each other
d) Khok Phanom Di remained primarily a non-agricultural though sedentary hunter-fisher society
e) they chose to starve rather than adopt a new way of life
Q:
During glacial periods, the climate in Africa became
a. colder
b. warmer
c. more arid
d. more humid
e. subzero
Q:
Archaeological evidence indicates that _________ was introduced by the first Neolithic rice farmers on Thailand's Khorat Plateau.
a) the Buddhist religion
b) writing
c) inhumation or grave burial
d) hunting of large animals
e) stone tool manufacture
Q:
The ________ epoch has been called the "Ice Age."
a. Pleistocene
b. Paleocene
c. Pliocene
d. Miocene
e. Eocene
Q:
The site of Ban Chiang, which was occupied by rice farmers by about 1600 bc, is located in the Mekong Valley in what is now:
a) China
b) Mongolia
c) Vietnam
d) Hong Kong
e) Thailand
Q:
The Middle Pleistocene began about _____ years ago and ended______years ago.
a. 125,000, 780,000
b. 500,000, 125,000
c. 10,000, 7,000
d. 780,000, 125,000
e. 180,000, 100,000
Q:
Archaeological finds such as oars, boats, and fishing spears at the waterlogged sites of Tianluoshan and Hemudu demonstrate the importance of ________ resources to the Neolithic cultures of the Yangzi River Valley.
a) military
b) megafaunal
c) metallurgical
d) aquatic
e) monetary
Q:
Paleoanthropologists consider__________________ to be the immediate predecessors to modern Homo sapiens.a. premodern Homo sapiensb. anatomically modern Homo sapiensc. late modern Homo erectusd. Homo heidelbergensis from sites in Iraqe. Individuals represented during the Early Pleistocene
Q:
Many researchers believe that rice cultivation spread into southern China via a series of thrusts bringing rice into new lands. The idea that rice cultivation ultimately came from contact with groups from the Yangzi region:
a) has been entirely disproven
b) is supported by the presence of similar material culture at new farming settlements
c) is contradicted by the lack of similar material culture at new farming settlements
d) is an issue that has not been studied by researchers
e) none of the above
Q:
Chengtoushan, the most important Daxi site:
a) was a walled town
b) boasted a 33-ft wide moat
c) was located near rice fields
d) dates to the Neolithic period
e) all of the above
Q:
There is some variation among the different geographical groups of the highly successful hominins, but anthropologists debate on how to classify them. Why? What are some of the causes of debate?
Q:
Increased meat consumption is suggested to have led to increased brain and body size in H. erectus and ultimately, geographic expansion. What implication, if any, does this suggest in modern humans?
Q:
Sites belonging to the Neolithic Daxi culture were commonly located in ________ terrain making them well suited for rice fields.
a) swampy
b) hilly
c) sub-arctic
d) desert
e) open grassland
Q:
Discuss the fossil finds at Dmanisi in terms of their morphology and in terms of the information they provide about the dispersal of hominids out of Africa.
Q:
What have scientists been able to ascertain about the Homo erectus lifestyle at Zhoukoudian? Include any disagreements within the scientific community. What is the nature of the evidence?
Q:
By the late phase of the Dawenkou culture (c. 2900"2400 bc) there is compelling evidence for:
a) severe overcrowding due to urbanization
b) a return to the hunter-gatherer traditions of the past
c) the adoption of maize cultivation
d) the emergence of craft specialists
e) a massive environmental disaster that caused people to move away from the region
Q:
Discuss the differences between Homo erectus remains from East Africa and the Javanese and Chinese fossils.
Q:
Two major Neolithic cultures that developed in the Yellow River Valley of central China are:
a) the Yangshao Culture and the Dawenkou Culture
b) the Lapita Culture and the Maori Culture
c) the Jomon Culture and the Maitum Culture
d) the Ming Dynasty and the Shang Dynasty
e) the Mongol Culture and the Harappan Culture
Q:
The site of Bashidang in northeast Hunan Province is of key significance to our understanding of the origins of rice cultivation because:
a) it is said to be the birthplace of a rice god
b) the occupants of the site never cultivated rice, proving that area was outside of the rice's preferred environmental zone
c) it stands at a crossroads between the Yellow River, where rice was domesticated, and the valley of the Yangzi River, where rice domestication was introduced later
d) a deep peat deposit was discovered there which contained preserved plant remains
e) all of the above
Q:
As more settlements turned to rice cultivation, new lithic forms appeared in the toolkits of sedentary communities, including:
a) swords
b) sickles
c) spades
d) a and b only
e) b and c only
Q:
In a sentence or two explain why the answer to the question, "Where did H. erectus first appear?" is not simple.
Q:
Rice is a:
a) desert plant
b) mountain plant
c) marsh plant
d) forest plant
e) sub-arctic plant
Q:
Describe the attributes and important uses of the biface as part of the Acheulian tool kit.
Q:
At cave sites such as Diaotonghuan and Xianrendong in Jiangxi Province, the reappearance of wild rice remains after the Younger Dryas corresponds with a period of _________, which occurred between 8000 and 6000 bc.
a) monsoon rain
b) cooling
c) warming
d) Ice Age conditions
e) El Nio conditions
Q:
Why do some researchers consider the Gran Dolina hominids to be a different species from Homo erectus?
Q:
Evidence for the late Pleistocene climate in the Yangzi Valley, and thus related to the domestication of rice, comes from:
a) pollen cores
b) the study of changes in land forms (geomorphology)
c) sediment sequences
d) all of the above
e) a and c only
Q:
Although Zhoukoudian is the most famous Homo erectus site in China, there are other sites. Name two of these sites, give their dates and significance to paleoanthropological research.
Q:
3. Account for the evidence that suggests the Zhoukoudian was not a hominid habitation site?
Q:
By 6000 bc there is abundant evidence for the transition to agriculture in what have been identified as village sites in the Yellow River Valley. Which of the following is a common characteristic of these early agricultural sites:
a) a complete lack of pottery
b) temporary structures that befitted a mostly nomadic lifestyle
c) a lack of burials or any treatment of the dead
d) storage pits for agricultural surpluses
e) an absence of tools for processing grain
Q:
List the characteristics of Homo erectus discoveries in Java and China.
Q:
Hunter-gatherers sites in the Yellow River Valley that date to before 7500 bc
a) often yield large quantities of stone tools
b) offer some indications that people harvested wild foxtail millet
c) show ample evidence for the early and complete domestication of the water buffalo
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Q:
List the differences between the cranium and brain size of Homo erectus and modern Homo sapiens.
Q:
The origins of agriculture in East Asia involved the cultivation of two main plant species:
a) millet and rice
b) taro and rice
c) maize and rice
d) squash and rice
e) beans and rice
Q:
It now appears likely that cultural traditions relating to stone tool technology were largely equivalent over the full geographical range of H. erectus and its contemporaries.
Q:
Farming in East Asia
a) arose first in the central plain of the Yellow River and then spread to the central Yangzi River valley
b) arose first in the central Yangzi River valley and then spread to the central plain of the Yellow River
c) arose in the central plain of the Yellow River but never in the central Yangzi River valley
d) arose independently in two areas: the central plain of the Yellow River and the central Yangzi River valley
d) did not arise independently but was introduced from Southwest Asia
Q:
H. erectus was the first species with a cranial capacity approaching H. sapiens.
Q:
Throughout Southwest Asia, aceramic Neolithic sites are seem to be continuously occupied into the ceramic Neolithic and appear to remain preferred locations even when agriculture intensifies at that time.
Q:
While hunter-harvesters could operate successfully in any number of locations, the environments that can sustain mixed farming societies are very few.
Q:
The Dmanisi cranial remains show that the very early European specimens had large brains.
Q:
Communities in Southwest Asia only began to practice true cultivation at the end of the Epipaleolithic and the start of the aceramic Neolithic.
Q:
All archaeologists agree that Homo erectus appears to have been an efficient big game hunter who rarely gathered wild plant foods.
Q:
Obsidian from only four key source locations has been found at Neolithic sites throughout Southwest Asia.
Q:
The Acheulian biface or "hand axe" is a basic tool of the Acheulian tradition.
Q:
An analysis of the WT 15000 specimen suggests it would only have been about 4 feet tall at maturity.
Q:
There are no signs of "vertical" social hierarchy in the aceramic Neolithic: larger communities were probably made up of a number of lineages with their own leaders rather than one central authority.
Q:
New evidence from Zhoukoudian cave has substantiated the long held notion that Homo erectus used controlled fire.
Q:
Given the newest dates for the Ngandong Homo erectus material on Java, it is possible that Homo erectus could have existed contemporaneously with Homo sapiens.
Q:
Evidence from Neolithic sites indicate that there was only one single location where plant and animal domestication took place, and farming practices spread from that location to the rest of Southwest Asia.