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Archaeology
Q:
Kamaya Kimeu discovered the most complete Homo erectus at Zhoukoudian.
Q:
Sedentary Late Epipaleolithic hunter-gather sites have been found in Iraq, Iran, and Turkey.
Q:
A common feature of Natufian sites are items of personal adornment, often found in burials.
Q:
The mean cranial capacity for Homo erectus is 900 cm3
Q:
Natufian settlements were all small, ephemeral campsites; no large permanent Natufian villages have been found.
Q:
A nuchal torus refers to the projection of bone on the top of the cranium which is very common among Homo erectus.
Q:
The wild ancestors of the plants and animals that were first domesticated in Southwest Asia thrived in hilly habitats.
Q:
All analyses have shown that Homo erectus hominins represent a different hominin than their more ancient African predecessors.
Q:
The people of the aceramic Neolithic period in Southwest Asia employed a combination of various degrees of plant cultivation, animal herding, and utilization of wild resources to meet their needs. These subsistence strategies are referred to as:
a) hunter-gatherer economies
b) mixed farming economies
c) peer-polity interactions
d) down-the-line economies
e) vertically integrated hierarchies
Q:
The Homo erectus site in Europe that has given paleoanthropologists a unique look at the first possible Homo erectus travelers from East Africa to Southeast Asia is
a. Zhoukoudian
b. Lantian
c. Ceprano
d. Nariokotome
e. Dmanisi
Q:
Which of the following animals was NOT domesticated in the hilly areas of Southwest Asia:
a) pigs
b) sheep
c) goats
d) cattle
e) red deer
Q:
Evidence for animal butchering is
a. lacking in Homo erectus sites
b. found only in African Homo erectus sites
c. found only in Asian Homo erectus sites
d. widespread in Homo erectus sites
e. found only at Dmanisi
Q:
Bifacially flaked tools characterize the _______ stone tool industry.
a. Oldowan
b. Acheulian
c. Shewlian
d. Osteodontokeratic
e. Northern Asian
Q:
Which of the following crops was NOT domesticated in the hilly areas of Southwest Asia:
a) barley
b) rice
c) wheat
d) peas
e) lentils
Q:
The term Homo ergaster
a. was suggested to be used to refer to African Homo erectus specimens
b. was suggested to be used to refer to Asian Homo erectus specimens
c. is fully accepted by all paleoanthropologists
d. was initially proposed by Eugene Dubois
e. refers to later H. erectus specimens
Q:
Researchers were surprised to discover that hunter-gatherer groups who reached of Cyprus around 10,000 bc:
a) made complex pottery before groups on the mainland
b) brought domesticated goats and sheep with them
c) had already perfected intensive agricultural techniques
d) had introduced a wild species of pig to the island to be hunted
e) all of the above.
Q:
The most complete Homo erectus skeleton found to date is the Nariokotome specimen, which includes
a. facial bones and pelvis
b. facial bones, pelvis and most of the limb bones
c. facial bones, pelvis, most of the limb bones and ribs
d. facial bones, pelvis, most of the limb bones, ribs and vertebrae
e. complete skull, pelvis, most of the limb bones, ribs and vertebrae
Q:
Southwest Asia possessed the world's largest number of:
a) potential plant domesticates
b) potential animal domesticates
c) potential hunting targets and megafauna
d) all of the above
e) a and b only
Q:
The Nariokotome Homo erectus specimen
a. was discovered at Olduvai Gorge
b. is estimated to have been about 65 years old at death
c. is a young female
d. would have reached an adult height of around 6 feet
e. was destroyed in dating analysis
Q:
It has been suggested that in the Neolithic period, the burial of the dead beneath houses and the recovery and treatment of skulls represents:
a) violent warfare
b) a lack of religion or ritual behavior
c) an ancestor cult
d) extreme social stratification
e) all of the above
Q:
_______, first discovered at the site of Jericho but later found at several Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites in the Levant, were often cached in small shallow pits or formed foundation deposits for buildings.
a) Gold bangles
b) Wooden "Venus" figurines
c) Plastered and modeled human skulls
d) Arrowheads
e) Carved long bones of large animals
Q:
Gbleki Tepe, an aceramic Neolithic site in Turkey, is surprising because although monumental enclosures and monoliths are present:
a) there is no sign of ritual activity at the site
b) there are no clear signs of houses or domestic occupation at the site
c) the site was only used for a very short time
d) there is no nearby source of stone
e) they are rough and undecorated
Q:
The Homo erectus remains from Africa are dated to _____ years ago.
a. 2.5 to 3.5 million
b. 500,000 to 200,000
c. 800,000
d. 5.5 million
e. 1.7-1 million
Q:
The population of aceramic Neolithic atalhyk:
a) was small and ephemeral
b) is difficult to determine since no houses have been found there
c) was smaller than that of earlier Epipaleolithic sites
d) may have numbered several thousand people
e) seems to have numbered in the tens to hundreds of thousands, making it a true city
Q:
Which of the following sites is in China?
a. Yunxian
b. Atapuerca
c. Nariokotome
d. Gran Dolina
e. Olduvai Gorge
Q:
The Homo erectus fossils from the Lantian sites in China are dated to______ years old.
a. 300,000
b. 1.52 million
c. 500,000
d. 1.15 million
e. 800,000 to 450,000
Q:
At the site of ___________, archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon found a cylindrical tower built of stone dating from the Pre Pottery Neolithic A period.
a) Natufia
b) Abu Hureyra
c) Ohalo II
d) Jericho
e) Hilly Flanks
Q:
The primary new stone tool technology seen throughout South Asian Neolithic period sites takes the form of:
a) arrowheads made of a single piece of stone
b) sickle blades
c) microliths combined to form arrowheads
d) hand axes
e) grinding stones
Q:
The term "aceramic" means:
a) without pottery
b) with pottery
c) without stone tools
d) with stone tools
e) without both pottery and stone tools
Q:
At Zhoukoudian, there is now thought to be evidence that Homo erectus
a. killed deer and horses
b. knew how to hunt
c. used fire inside the cave
d. lived in the cave
e. were victims of hungry giant hyenas
Q:
Excavations at the site of Abu Hureyra in Syria have shown that the transition from foraging to farming:
a) was a sudden, single shift from one lifestyle to another
b) was the result of a devastating invasion from the south
c) was a gradual process that extended over centuries
d) was brought about by Ice Age climate change
e) none of the above
Q:
Evidence from Zhoukoudian suggests that Homo erectus
a. lived there continuously for over 250,00 years
b. were settled agriculturalists
c. was a scavenger
d. built wooden structures
e. kept domesticated animals
Q:
By far the largest collection of Homo erectus remains have been found at
a. Sangiran
b. Zhoukoudian
c. Olduvai
d. Trinil
e. Lantian
Q:
So-called "delayed return" strategies that may have been employed by Late Epipaleolithic groups include:
a) making nets to trap birds
b) harvesting and then storing food
c) constructing fish-weirs (traps)
d) all of the above
e) a and c only
Q:
Lewis Binford described Late Epipaleolithic societies as being _______ rather than foragers, because they moved much less frequently and operated from base camps or year-round settlements.
a) pastoralists
b) collectors
c) agriculturalists
d) hunters
e) toolmakers
Q:
While many theorists stayed home and debated the merits of natural selection and the likely course of human evolution, this young Dutch anatomist enlisted in the Dutch East Indian Army, having decided to go find evidence of it.
a. Eugene Dubois
b. Franz Weidenreich
c. Louis Leakey
d. Raymond Dart
e. Richard Leakey
Q:
Hominin sites in the European regions of Spain and Italy evidence fossil material that is contemporaneous with Homo erectus. They include all of the following except
a. Sima del Elefante
b. Ceprano
c. Hexian County
d. Gran Dolina
e. Atapuerca caves
Q:
The Natufians buried their dead:
a) in regular cemeteries
b) in grave pits, sometimes with multiple bodies to a pit
c) with clothing and some body ornaments
d) mostly without what archaeologists would consider to be "grave goods"
e) all of the above
Q:
Thus far, what do the postcranial remains of the Dmanisi hominins indicate?
a. They are indistinguishable from Homo sapiens.
b. They are significantly more robust than other Homo erectus.
c. They are much more similar to modern humans than to Homo erectus.
d. The first hominins to leave Africa were possibly a very early form of H. erectus.
e. They are not bipeds.
Q:
The first Chinese H. erectus discoveries were the result of the focus on locating
a. skullcaps and femurs the same size as remains from Trinil
b. individuals contemporaneous with H. sapiens
c. "Dragon bones" used as medicine and aphrodisiacs
d. fossils unhampered by the complex nature of Javanese geology
e. fossils belonging to the late Pleistocene
Q:
Although the Natufian toolkit was remarkably similar to earlier toolkits, the addition of the _____ provides evidence for widespread change in cultural practice.
a) sickle blade
b) microlith
c) hand axe
d) biface
e) all of the above
Q:
The cranial remains from Dmanisi are characteristic of all of the following except
a. are easily distinguishable from modern Homo sapiens
b. bear some similarities to early Homo specimens from East Africa
c. bear similarities to australopithecus specimens
d. have very small cranial capacities
e. are different from other hominins outside Africa
Q:
The sedentary or semi-sedentary Late Epipaleolithic cultural group discovered by Dorothy Garrod in the Levant are known as the:
a) Natufians
b) Nubians
c) Ohalo
d) Lapita
e) Assyrians
Q:
Tens of thousands of waterlogged _____ have been recovered from Ohalo II giving us a snapshot of the diet of the sites inhabitants.
a) bones
b) houses
c) seeds
d) burials
e) fields
Q:
The Dmanisi site is notable for which of the following
a. Being in North Africa
b. Producing crania remains that are uncharacteristic of H. erectus
c. The crania have relatively large cranial capacities
d. One complete cranium is of an older adult with jawbones that show advance bone loss
e. Crania are not associated with stone tools
Q:
Until recently, H. erectus sites outside of Africa all have shown dates later than the earliest finds of species in Africa. This has led paleoanthropologists to assume that
a. the hominins who migrated to Asia and Europe descended from earlier Asian ancestors
b. the sites outside of Africa are misdated
c. the earliest finds in Africa are misdated
d. the hominins who migrated to Asia and Europe descended from earlier African ancestors
e. there is another, heretofore unknown hominin, who is the missing link
Q:
Ohalo II, Neve David, "Uyun al-Hamman, and Kharaneh IV are all:
a) Neanderthal cave sites in Israel
b) Epipaleolithic cave sites in eastern Turkey
c) areas were no Epipaleolithic occupation has been found
d) open-air Epipaleolithic sites in the Levant
e) ceramic traditions found in what is now Pakistan
Q:
The presence of grinding and pounding stones at Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic archaeological sites is a "proxy indicator" of:
a) the domestication of animals
b) warfare and domination
c) the processing and perhaps storing of grains and pulses
d) climate change
e) all of the above
Q:
Kent Flannery's idea of a "broad-spectrum revolution" is based on the idea that:
a) hunter-gatherers in the Epipaleolithic were able to remain in one place longer because they developed agriculture
b) agriculturalists in the Epipaleolithic returned to hunting and gathering as a result of a global cooling trend
c) agriculturalists in the Epipaleolithic gave up hunting and gathering entirely
d) hunter-gatherers in the Epipaleolithic were able to remain in one place longer because they began to invest more effort in hunting different types of game
e) hunter-gatherers in the Epipaleolithic were prevented from remaining on one place very long because of a global cooling trend
Q:
There is a very late surviving H. erectus group in Java that apparently managed to survive there until less than________years ago.
a. 300,000
b. 100,000
c. 1.5 mya
d. 2.0 mya
e. 50,000
Q:
Microliths:
a) are small, retouched stone tools
b) are fashioned out of a portion of a blade or bladelet
c) can be combined and mounted to make barbed arrowheads
d) are typical of the Epipaleolithic in the Levant
e) all of the above
Q:
Homo erectus appeared in East Africa between ___ million years ago.
a. 1.7 and 1.5
b. 2.5 and 2.3
c. 6.0 and 4.0
d. 3 and 1.0
e. 2.0 and 1.8
Q:
The Younger Dryas was:
a) a worldwide reversal of a previous warming trend that lasted from around 10,800 bc to 9600 bc
b) another name for the period of rapid warming following the end of the last Ice Age
c) another name for the "hilly flanks" theory of plant and animal domestication
d) a worldwide trend toward the adoption of technologies such as pottery
e) none of the above
Q:
When compared to large-bodied earlierHomo specimens, Homo erectus relative brain size is
a. about the same
b. much smaller
c. about twice as large
d. about 25 percent as large
e. is unimportant in discussions of hominin development
Q:
What is the average cranial capacity of H. erectus?
a. the same as for early Homo
b. approximately 900 cubic centimeters
c. the same as that for modern humans
d. the same as for Australopithecus
e. approximately 700 cubic centimeters
Q:
Two forms of evidence help to confirm the hypothesis that H. erectus evolved in Africa. First, all of the earlier hominins come from Africa. Second,
a. well-preserved postcranial elements are scarce at some H. erectus sites.
b. the adult height of the Nariokotome youth would have been about 6 feet.
c. by 1.7 mya there are well-dated fossils of H. erectus at East Turkana, in Kenya, and not long after at other sites in East Africa.
d. postcranial bones look very similar to modern humans.
e. growth pattern of Nariokotome would have been similar to that of modern humans.
Q:
Sedentary farming communities were established across Southwest Asia by:
a) 20,000 bc
b) 6000 bc
c) 10,000 bc
d) 16,000 bc
e) 50,000 bc
Q:
In general, the cranium of Homo erectus
a. has a high vertical forehead
b. is composed of delicate, thin bone
c. has no brow ridges
d. is virtually identical to that of modern humans
e. has a pentagonal shape when viewed from behind
Q:
All state-level societies developed a form of writing.
Q:
Homo erectus differs most distinctly from both early Homo and Homo sapiens in
a. the postcranial skeleton
b. the way they walked
c. height
d. cranial size
e. weight
Q:
Most archaeologists think that state societies are better than hunter-gatherer societies.
Q:
What is the range for estimated cranial capacities for Homo erectus?
a. 400 to 800 cubic centimeters
b. 700 to 1,250 cubic centimeters
c. 1,000 to 2,000 cubic centimeters
d. 1,250 to 1,600 cubic centimeters
e. 300 to 750 cubic centimeters
Q:
As agricultural communities grew, there was often a corresponding increase in human conflict and warfare.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Several definite Homo erectus fossils have been discovered in France.
b. Earlier Homo erectus populations had a smaller cranial capacity than later populations.
c. Thick cranial and postcranial bones characterize mostHomo erectus specimens.
d. Homo erectus appears to have been less encephalized than Homo sapiens.
e. Homo erectus was most likely the first hominid to live outside of Africa.
Q:
The majority of societies that practice farming are sedentary.
Q:
Homo erectus discoveries from East Africa of firmly dated fossils have established the clear presence by
a. 2.8 mya
b. 1.7 mya
c. 800,000 ya
d. 3.2 mya
e. There are no H. erectus discoveries from East Africa
Q:
The results of DNA analyses indicate that incoming farmers replaced hunter-gatherers across much of Europe, absorbing the latter along the way.
Q:
Homo erectus represents a different kind of hominin than the more ancient African predecessors. One of the reasons is
a. H. erectus is a step towards being more ape-like
b. An increased body size and robustness
c. Less encephalization
d. Less variation among different regional populations
e. Less like modern humans
Q:
Agriculture was developed in only one location, the Fertile Crescent, and spread from there to the rest of the world.
Q:
Most domesticated species could survive in the wild without any human intervention.
Q:
Stone was the only material used by early hunter-gatherer groups to make tools, hence the name "stone age".
Q:
Thus far, there is agreement that all hominins found outside Africa are members of which genus?
a. Australopithecus
b. Ardipithecus
c. Paranthropus
d. Homo
e. H. erectus
Q:
Domesticated plants have been subjected to different selection pressures than their wild relatives.
Q:
Adaptive advantages of bipedalism include the following except
a. freeing the hands for making and using tools
b. early predator detection
c. more efficient way of covering long distances
d. further refinements to capabilities used for swimming
e. freeing the hands for carrying objects
Q:
The term hominin refers to a distinction made at what taxonomic level?
a. Tribe
b. Genus
c. Species
d. Subfamily
e. Genera
Q:
One result of the environmental changes of the Early Holocene was the creation of numerous islands.
Q:
The earliest hominin traces
a. date to the beginning of the Miocene
b. are primarily full skeletons
c. are primarily dental and cranial pieces
d. date to the Eocene
e. are merely shattered bones impossible to identify
Q:
Hominins have been variably defined as having which of the following?
a. a large brain, toolmaking abilities, adaptations for bipedalism
b. toolmaking abilities but no adaptations for bipedalism
c. adaptations for bipedalism, but lacking a large brain
d. a large brain and no toolmaking abilities and adaptations for bipedalism
e. a small brain, no toolmaking abilities and no adaptations for bipedalism
Q:
Which of the following states/civilizations never developed writing:
a) the Inca (South America)
b) the Harappan (Pakistan/India)
c) the ancient Egyptians
d) the Maya (Central America)
e) all of these states developed writing
Q:
When did the initial hominid divergence from the African hominoids most likely occur?
a. during the late Miocene
b. during the early Miocene
c. as late as 1 mya
d. 3 mya
e. 20 to 30 kya