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Q:
In order for a mutation to be passed on to offspring, the mutation must
a. occur in a gamete
b. be beneficial
c. occur in a somatic cell
d. result in additional chromosomes
e. have negative evolutionary consequences
Q:
What produces new alleles at a locus?
a. natural selection
b. recombination
c. mutation
d. migration
e. genetic drift
Q:
What is the only source of new genetic material in any population?
a. mutation
b. genetic drift
c. founder effect
d. migration
e. natural selection
Q:
Evolution can be most succinctly defined as
a. the appearance of new species
b. the change from one species to another in one generation
c. the change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
d. any type of genetic mutation
e. genetic drift
Q:
Evolution can be described as a two-stage process that includes which of the following?
a. genetic drift followed by migration
b. natural selection followed by migration
c. recombination followed by mutation
d. production of variation followed by natural selection acting on this variation
e. production and distribution of variation
Q:
What does each mitochondrion contain?
a. nuclear DNA
b. 46 chromosomes
c. an X but never a Y chromosome
d. several copies of a ring-shaped DNA molecule, or chromosome
e. A Y but never an X chromosome
Q:
Polygenic traits
a. are discrete
b. have a continuous range of expression
c. are controlled by only one genetic locus
d. include the ABO blood type system and cystic fibrosis
e. are also called Mendelian traits
Q:
Which statement concerning polygenic traits is not true?
a. They are governed by more than one genetic locus.
b. Their expression is often influenced by genetic/environmental interactions.
c. The alleles have an additive effect on the phenotype.
d. They are continuous traits
e. The most frequently discussed are skin, hair and eye color.
Q:
Which of the following types of traits are governed by more than one genetic locus?
a. polygenic
b. dominant
c. Mendelian
d. recessive
e. pleiotropic
Q:
Which of the following is not inherited in a Mendelian fashion?
a. Huntington Disease
b. albinism
c. cleft chin
d. Tay-Sachs disease
e. skin color
Q:
Two people (both heterozygotes) are able to taste a chemical substance called PTC. The ability to taste PTC is caused by a dominant allele (T). The inability to taste PTC is caused by a recessive allele (t). What proportion of their offspring would be expected to be heterozygous?
a. 3/4
b. 1/2
c. All
d. 1/4
e. 2/3
Q:
Two people (both heterozygotes) are able to taste a chemical substance called PTC. The ability to taste PTC is caused by a dominant allele (T). The inability to taste PTC is caused by a recessive allele (t). What proportion of their children would be expected not to be able to taste PTC?
a. 3/4
b. All
c. 1/4
d. 2/3
e. none
Q:
Two people (both heterozygotes) are able to taste a chemical substance called PTC. The ability to taste PTC is caused by a dominant allele (T). The inability to taste PTC is caused by a recessive allele (t). What proportion of their children would be expected to have the ability to taste PTC?
a. 3/4
b. 1/2
c. All
d. 1/4
e. 2/3
Q:
At a hypothetical locus, a man's genotype is Aa. What proportion of his gametes would be expected to receive the A allele?
a. All
b.
c.
d.
e. None
Q:
In a hypothetical situation, B is the allele that causes brachydactyly. If a man who has normal fingers (bb) and a woman with brachydactyly (Bb) have children, what proportion of these children would you expect to have normal fingers? (Hint: Use a Punnett square).
a. None
b. All
c. 1/4
d. 3/4
e. 1/2
Q:
Mendelian traits are described as discrete, or discontinuous because
a. Their phenotypic expressions overlap
b. Their phenotypic expressions do not fall into clearly defined categories
c. Their genotypic expression overlap
d. Their genotypic expressions do not fall into clearly defined categories
e. Their phenotypic expressions do not overlap
Q:
How many ABO phenotypes (blood types) are there?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 1
Q:
What is type AB blood an example of?
a. codominance
b. blending
c. recessiveness
d. dominance
e. polygenic inheritance
Q:
What is it called when a person possesses two different alleles at the same locus, and both alleles are expressed in the phenotype?
a. recessiveness
b. codominance
c. dominance
d. homozygosity
e. X-linkage
Q:
Which of the following is not a polygenic trait?
a. stature
b. skin color
c. eye color
d. ABO blood type
e. hair color
Q:
The ABO blood type system consists of ______ alleles.
a. 6
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
e. 5
Q:
Gregor Mendel
a. published his results and won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries
b. was trained as a geneticist
c. did not know about chromosomes
d. was a professor at the University of Vienna
e. never published his work
Q:
Mendelian traits
a. are governed by more than one genetic locus
b. occur only in some people
c. are always dominant
d. are governed by one genetic locus
e. are always recessive
Q:
What is the term used to refer to the observable, physical expression of genotypes?
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. phenotypic ratio
d. genotypic ratio
e. independent assortment
Q:
According to the principle of independent assortment there is a __________chance that any tall pea plant will produce either yellow or green peas.
a. 0 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 75 percent
e. 100 percent
Q:
What is an individual's actual genetic make-up called?
a. phenotype
b. homozygosity
c. recessiveness
d. phenotypic ratio
e. genotype
Q:
In Mendel's experiments, the tall parental (P) plants
a. were homozygous for the allele for tallness
b. were heterozygous at the locus controlling height
c. could NOT be crossed with short plants
d. were homozygous for the allele for shortness
e. were heterozygous for the allele for shortness
Q:
What is the term for the condition of two copies of the same allele being present in the genotype?
a. dominant
b. codominant
c. recessive
d. homozygous
e. segregated
Q:
A person who is homozygous recessive at a locus has which of the following?
a. two copies of the recessive allele
b. two copies of the dominant allele
c. an autosomal trisomy
d. a recessive allele on the X chromosome only
e. a recessive allele on the Y chromosome only
Q:
Which statement concerning the F1 plants in Mendel's experiments is false?
a. They were hybrids.
b. They were heterozygous for the traits in question.
c. Their parents were homozygous for the traits in question.
d. All F1s displayed the dominant trait in their phenotype.
e. All F1s displayed the recessive trait in their phenotype.
Q:
In Mendel's experiments, what was the ratio of tall to short plants in the F2 generation?
a. 15 to 1
b. 3 to 1
c. tall, short
d. 4 to 1
e. 5 to 1
Q:
When Mendel crossed true breeding tall and short parental plants, what was produced?
a. All the offspring were tall.
b. Half the offspring were tall, the other half were short.
c. All the offspring were short.
d. The offspring were intermediate in height relative to the two parent plants.
e. About 90 percent were tall, but the rest were short.
Q:
How do the basic principles of inheritance, identified by Mendel in plants, differ from those in humans?
a. They are simpler.
b. Plants don"t have alleles.
c. There are no differences since the basic principles are the same.
d. There are no Mendelian traits in humans.
e. The number of chromosomes is different; therefore the genetic principles are different.
Q:
Gregor Mendel is known for which of the following?
a. He developed theories of evolutionary change.
b. He discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.
c. He studied characteristics that are influenced by several genetic loci.
d. He discovered the fundamental principles of how traits are inherited.
e. He developed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Q:
Explain each of the subfields of anthropology and the importance of the four-field approach.
Q:
Discuss the role of the scientific method in physical anthropology.
Q:
Explain what "the anthropological perspective" means.
Q:
Define osteology and then discuss which subfields of physical anthropology require knowledge of osteology.
Q:
List two reasons why nonhuman primate studies are important.
Q:
Why is the field of genetics central to the field of physical anthropology?
Q:
Why are physical/biological anthropologists interested in human biological variation?
Q:
Briefly differentiate between archaeology and cultural anthropology.
Q:
Discuss the changing focus of cultural anthropology.
Q:
Define the term biocultural evolution.
Q:
What are three major subfields of anthropology? Describe each in terms of their subject matter.
Q:
In a biological sense, what is adaptation?
Q:
Molecular anthropologists have used genetic technologies to investigate the relationships between human populations as well as nonhuman primates.
Q:
Physical/biological anthropologists are only interested in the human fossil record.
Q:
Anthropology can be applied to practical issues outside the university setting.
Q:
The human predisposition to assimilate culture and function within it is profoundly influenced by biological factors.
Q:
Forensic anthropology is an applied subfield which benefits from a background in physical anthropology.
Q:
The focus of anthropology is very narrow and has only two subfields.
Q:
The anthropological perspective proposes to broaden our viewpoint though time and space.
Q:
All cultures share the same worldview.
Q:
Physical anthropologists are interested only in the study of biological systems.
Q:
The 3.7 million year old footprints of two hominids were discovered in a riverbed in Texas.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the relativistic view of culture?
a. It allows us to understand our concerns and to view our own culture from a narrower perspective.
b. It allows us to understand other people's concerns and to view our own culture from a broader perspective.
c. We realize that we can judge other species using human criteria.
d. We come to recognize the superiority of humans.
e. We understand the importance of our culture.
Q:
The anthropological perspective does not
a. Offer a wider appreciation through time and space
b. Look at the diversity of the human experience
c. Help to avoid ethnocentric pitfalls
d. Give a wider appreciation of the human experience
e. Narrow our viewpoint of how our species through time and space.
Q:
Which of the following does not apply to theories
a. Tested explanations of facts
b. Usually concerned with broader and more universal views
c. Not absolutes and open for falsification
d. Specific statements of scientific relationships that have not been verified
e. The result of repeated testing
Q:
What is a hypothesis?
a. It is a statement that has been proven to be true.
b. It is equivalent to a theory.
c. It is a provisional statement regarding certain scientific facts or observations.
d. It is proof of a theory.
e. It is a fact from which conclusions can be drawn.
Q:
What is the initial step in the scientific method?
a. the formation of a theory
b. the formation of a hypothesis
c. to perform an experiment
d. to publish a scientific article
e. to collect data under precise conditions
Q:
Who uses anthropological techniques to assist in crime investigations and to identify skeletal remains in cases of disaster?
a. paleoanthropologists
b. primatologists
c. archaeologists
d. cultural anthropologists
e. forensic anthropologists
Q:
Forensic anthropologists
a. study disease and trauma in ancient populations
b. apply anthropological techniques to the law
c. are primarily concerned with the recovery of material culture remains
d. examine the relationships between medical treatment and culturally determined views of disease
e. study nonhuman primates
Q:
________ is the subdiscipline of osteology that is concerned with disease and trauma in earlier populations.
a. Forensic anthropology
b. Primatology
c. Anthropometry
d. Paleoanthropology
e. Paleopathology
Q:
_______ focuses on the study of skeletal remains from archaeological sites.
a. osteology
b. bioarchaeology
c. paleopathology
d. forensic anthropology
e. primate paleontology
Q:
Which of the following is not an important reason why primatology has become increasingly important since the late 1950s?
a. Behavioral studies have implications for understanding natural forces that have shaped human behavior.
b. The behavioral studies of any species provide a wealth of data on adaptation.
c. Nonhuman primates are our closest living relatives.
d. Many nonhuman primates are threatened or seriously endangered.
e. Recommendations can be made to better ensure treatment of humans
Q:
Primatology is the study of
a. human evolution
b. human skeletal material
c. skeletal remains at crime scenes
d. disease in earlier human groups
e. living nonhuman primates
Q:
Which of the following was one of the most observable physical differences in physical anthropologists' early studies of human variation?
a. Eye color
b. shape of head and face
c. Height
d. Weight
e. Hair color
Q:
Which is not true about paleoanthropology?
a. It is the study of human evolution.
b. It includes the fossils of ancient reptiles and amphibians.
c. Its goal is to identify the various human ancestors.
d. It attempts to gain insights into human adaptation and behavior.
e. It is a valid way to conduct anthropology.
Q:
Which of the following includes genetic-alterations within populations?
a. macroevolution
b. anatomy
c. osteology
d. paleopathology
e. microevolution
Q:
Fields of inquiry fundamental to studies of adaptation in modern human populations include
a. Factors that have produced only visible physical differences
b. Factors that have produced only genetic variation
c. Traits that typify certain populations that have not evolved as biological adaptations
d. Traits that typify certain populations that have evolved as biological adaptation to environment, e.g. sunlight, altitude, or infectious disease
e. Examinations of modern groups but not populations over time
Q:
____________ is the study of anatomical and behavior human evolution as evidenced by the fossil record.
a. Paleoanthropology
b. Osteology
c. Primatology
d. Anthropometry
e. Paleopathology
Q:
The origins of physical anthropology arose from two areas of interest among 19th century scientists. What did these areas concern?
a. the origins of modern species and human variation
b. the genetic determinants of behavior and osteology
c. nonhuman primates and origins of modern species
d. human variation and osteology
e. human evolution and nonhuman primates
Q:
The study of human biology within the framework of human evolution can be said to be the domain of which of the following?
a. cultural anthropology
b. physical/biological anthropology
c. primatology
d. osteology
e. archaeology
Q:
Which subdiscipline of anthropology is concerned with various aspects of human language?
a. primatology
b. linguistic anthropology
c. ethnology
d. applied anthropology
e. anthropometry
Q:
Archaeologists
a. primarily recover valuable artifacts
b. are not interested in human behavior
c. study earlier human groups using artifacts and structures as their evidence
d. never work with physical anthropology
e. only examine complex civilizations
Q:
Today, cultural anthropologists are involved in numerous avenues of research including all of the following except
a. the study of subcultures
b. the resettlement of refugees
c. the relationship between cultural attributes and health and disease
d. the study of their own cultures
e. the study of city or urban areas that are no longer remote
Q:
Ethnographies
a. are studies of only Western European societies
b. are studies of nonhuman primates
c. emphasize, among other topics, religion, ritual, myth, diet, gender roles, and child-rearing practices
d. are studies done by archaeologists
e. are the practical application of anthropological theories
Q:
Cultural anthropology
a. was first developed as a discipline in the 17th century
b. includes the recovery and analysis of material culture from earlier civilizations
c. focuses solely upon the study of traditional societies
d. has no practical application in modern society
e. is the study of the patterns of belief and behavior found in modern and historical cultures.
Q:
______ is the practical application of the subfields of anthropology.
a. Linguistics
b. Archaeology
c. Applied anthropology
d. Physical anthropology
e. Cultural anthropology