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Architecture
Q:
All of the following are part of a typical mosque plan EXCEPT the:
A) haram.
B) qibla.
C) mihrab.
D) minaret.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Iwan mosques include a rectangular court:
A) flanked by large, often-vaulted spaces.
B) with multiple ablution pools.
C) with multiple prayer halls.
D) flanked by large towers covered with aniconic ornaments.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Great Mosque at Crdoba includes:
A) arches atop columns.
B) horseshoe-shaped arches.
C) polychrome arches.
D) stacked arches.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The earliest Mosque about which there is reliable archaeological information is the:
A) Masjid-I-Shah in Isfahan.
B) Friday Mosque in Isfahan.
C) Bibi Khanym Mosque in Samarkand.
D) Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil in Samarra.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Eusebius, the Bishop of Caesarea, wrote a biography of:
A) Constantine.
B) Moses.
C) Jesus of Nazareth.
D) Augustus.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
A cathedral is a church that:
A) contains the seat or cathedra of a bishop.
B) is the largest in a given city.
C) has been visited by the Pope.
D) contains a cathedra or tomb of a saint.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The emperor Justinian was responsible for the construction of:
A) S. Vitale in Ravenna.
B) S. Apollinare in Classe.
C) the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.
D) S. Irene.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Masonry at the Baptistry of the Orthodox in Ravenna displays the work of:
A) Ostrogoth craftsmen.
B) craftsmen sent by Justinian from Constantinople.
C) Lombard craftsmen.
D) craftsmen trained in Venice.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The buttresses around the base of the dome of Hagia Sophia:
A) were added for visual effect and are not structural.
B) were added after an earthquake damaged the church.
C) were added after the church became a mosque.
D) were destroyed after an earthquake.
E) were destroyed after the church became a mosque.
Q:
The 107-foot diameter central dome in Hagia Sophia is supported on:
A) multiple exedra.
B) multiple piers.
C) smaller domes.
D) pendentives.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
A Greek cross has:
A) two shorter and two longer arms.
B) a Greek-key configuration.
C) four equal arms.
D) no arms.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The dome of S. Vitale in Ravenna was built using:
A) Visigoth technology.
B) Venetian technology.
C) Ostrogoth technology.
D) Turkish technology.
E) Venetian and Turkish technology.
Q:
S. Vitale's decoration includes:
A) fresco paintings.
B) marbles.
C) parquetry.
D) golden mosaics.
E) book-matched marbles and figural mosaics.
Q:
The quincunx plan is composed of nine bays making a:
A) large rectangle.
B) large square.
C) Greek cross.
D) Latin cross.
E) large square and a green cross.
Q:
Byzantine church walls in Russia were often built of:
A) rough-hewn planks.
B) logs.
C) sod.
D) rammed earth.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
In the context of Russian churches, a shatyor refers to a(n):
A) terra-cotta tile.
B) asbestos roof.
C) thatch.
D) tent roof.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
At the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Peredki, the elements called pomochi are:
A) stacked cantilevers.
B) a peculiar type of finial.
C) onion-shaped domes.
D) tubular skylights made from logs.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
In a Byzantine church, an iconostasis is:
A) an alcove for icons.
B) a screened-off area for monks or nuns.
C) an ornately carved wooden altar.
D) a screen dividing the nave from the chancel.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Church of St. Basil the Blessed in Moscow displays:
A) bright exterior colors.
B) a shatyor roof.
C) onion domes.
D) glazed tiles.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Reverse-curve gables on Russian churches are called:
A) ivani.
B) bochki.
C) ennui.
D) kievi.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Postnik Yakolev was the architect of the Church of:
A) St. Basil the Blessed in Moscow.
B) the Transfiguration in Kizhi.
C) the Nativity of the Virgin in Peredki.
D) the Raising of Lazarus in Kizhi.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
In the Edict of Milan of 313, the emperor Constantine:
A) forbade the practice of Christianity in the Roman Empire.
B) proclaimed toleration for all religions in the Roman Empire.
C) made Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire.
D) built a temple to the Christian God in Rome.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Colosseum in ancient Rome had:
A) stacked half-columns in the Roman Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders.
B) a structure similar to that of the great Forum of Trajan.
C) exterior walls covered with red bricks.
D) a circular structure surrounded by rising ground that was used for seating.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The oldest known Roman basilica in Pompeii was used:
A) for meetings of the Senate.
B) for displaying statues of gods.
C) as Imperial banqueting halls.
D) for commercial activity.
E) as a gathering place for social and commercial functions.
Q:
The House of the Surgeon, the most ancient dwelling found in Pompeii, had:
A) an atrium.
B) frontage shops.
C) a triclinium.
D) a tablinum.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Wall paintings in a room in the Villa of the Mysteries at Pompeii relate to the:
A) history of Rome.
B) eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
C) mystery cult of Bacchus.
D) practice of Early Christianity.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Palace of Domitian in Rome is located on the:
A) Esquiline Hill.
B) Palatine Hill.
C) Quirinale Hill.
D) Domitine Hill.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The plan of Hadrian's Villa outside Tivoli had:
A) a central open space or atrium that admitted fresh air and light.
B) small rooms around the atrium.
C) a suite of official rooms arranged along cross-axes.
D) horizontal passageways, ramps, and stairs.
E) unprecedented forms and compositions around water features.
Q:
An insula refers to an ancient Roman:
A) island palace.
B) reception room.
C) swimming pool.
D) apartment block.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Discuss Etruscan contributions to Roman architecture.
Q:
Discuss city planning practices in ancient Rome.
Q:
Citing specific examples, discuss the Roman use of brick and concrete in building arches, vaults, and domes.
Q:
Discuss the features of Roman housing in Pompeii.
Q:
S. Marco in Venice was modeled on:
A) Hadrian's Pantheon in Rome.
B) Constantine's Basilica in Rome.
C) Justinian's Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.
D) Justinian's Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
All of the following are part of an Early Christian church EXCEPT:
A) an atrium.
B) a transept.
C) a nave.
D) an apse.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The interior of the church of S. Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna includes:
A) an exedra embedded in the walls.
B) a cathedra supporting a baldachino.
C) an ambulatory covered by vaults.
D) nave walls finished with mosaics.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
In the context of the Roman architecture, an oculus is:
A) an eye-shaped window.
B) an opening atop a dome.
C) a type of masonry vault.
D) a space beneath a dome.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Martyria were buildings erected by early Christians as memorials to commemorate:
A) victories over the Romans.
B) holy days.
C) saints.
D) the birth of Jesus.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Roman baths in ancient Rome included a:
A) frigidarium.
B) natatio.
C) caldarium.
D) tepidarium.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem?
A) It has a longitudinal axis that leads from the entrance through the nave to the terminating apse.
B) It has high windows that illuminate the nave.
C) It provides circulation space required for pilgrims visiting the holy site.
D) It has triumphal-arch like elements that appear at the entry of the atrium.
E) It has windows set between the dome's ribs to create the illusion that the dome floats unsupported.
Q:
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, commonly known as Vitruvius, wrote:
A) a biography of Julius Caesar.
B) a history of ancient Rome.
C) The Ten Books of Architecture.
D) The Architecture of the Roman Republic.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The upper portion of the Sanctuary of Fortuna at Palestrina was strongly influenced by:
A) Roman Imperial work.
B) Etruscan work.
C) Egyptian work.
D) Hellenistic Greek practices.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
All of the following are Roman masonry construction techniques EXCEPT:
A) opus incertum.
B) opus reticulatum.
C) opus testaceum.
D) opus quadratum.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The Romans developed an expedient building method by using a new material, hydraulic cement, derived from volcanic deposits first discovered around Puteoli and named:
A) portlana.
B) pozzolana.
C) cementia.
D) vesuviana.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Temple of Diana in Nmes is a fine example of:
A) barrel-vaulted masonry construction.
B) a groin-vaulted space with clerestory lighting and flying buttresses.
C) the atrium-peristyle house that has been dated to the mid-second century BCE.
D) the dome-on-drum design.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The ________ in Pompeii where public assemblies for legal, commercial, and social purposes were held functioned much as did the stoa in the Athenian Agora.
A) castra
B) Pantheon
C) Eumachia building
D) basilica
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The city of Pompeii included:
A) a forum.
B) open-air theaters.
C) an amphitheater.
D) a palaestra.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The plan of Timgad, Algeria, was originally:
A) laid out by the Greeks.
B) a gridded layout.
C) a plan similar to that of Pompeii.
D) a linear plan.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
An amphitheater is:
A) a circular or oval theater.
B) a semicircular, open-air theater.
C) a large, square theater.
D) a theater with good acoustic properties.
E) a semicircular, enclosed theater.
Q:
The largest of the Roman fora was that of:
A) Augustus.
B) Nerva.
C) Trajan.
D) Nero.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Markets of Trajan were:
A) carved out of the Quirinale hillside.
B) surrounded by tiered buildings.
C) organized around a semicircle.
D) a series of shops.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Trajan's markets in ancient Rome:
A) were set in a single-story circle.
B) contained a groin-vaulted market hall.
C) were built of marble and elaborate ornaments.
D) contained a suite of official rooms with a grand audience hall.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Pantheon in ancient Rome is covered by a:
A) coffered dome.
B) coffered groin vault.
C) wood truss with false coffering.
D) series of coffered barrel vaults.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Pantheon in ancient Rome was constructed during the reign of the emperor:
A) Nero.
B) Hadrian.
C) Augustus.
D) Caracalla.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The main north-south and the east-west streets in a Roman castra are called the:
A) cardo and the decumanus, respectively.
B) foro and the saturnalia, respectively.
C) etrusco and the romanus, respectively.
D) caesaro and the imperius, respectively.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
An atrium is:
A) an inner court.
B) a type of mosaic floor.
C) a dining room.
D) the Roman equivalent of the Greek cella.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Ise Shrine is distinctive for being:
A) the oldest Shinto shrine in Japan.
B) a replica based on a recently discovered codex.
C) rebuilt every twenty years.
D) the earliest example of concrete construction in Japan.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Ise Shrine roofs include katsuogi, which are:
A) bundles of thatch.
B) tapered wooden logs.
C) cross-gable end rafters.
D) acroteria-like crowning wood sculptures.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Japan has an unusually rich array of wooden folk houses called:
A) kodo.
B) katsuogi.
C) donjon.
D) tatami.
E) minka.
Q:
Woven Japanese floor mats made of rice straw are called:
A) titmice.
B) tammani.
C) osaki.
D) tatami.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The central core of Egret's Castle is the:
A) donjon.
B) summer palace.
C) log fort.
D) imperial villa.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The essence of Zen Buddhism is:
A) enlightenment achieved through meditation.
B) reverence for picturesque landscape.
C) ancestor worship.
D) a concern for family values.
E) ancestor worship and a concern for family values.
Q:
At the Imperial Villa in Kyoto, the distinction between interior and exterior space is:
A) emphasized by strategically located gardens.
B) made obvious by color coding.
C) made enigmatic by the repetition of materials.
D) blurred through the use of moveable partitions.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto provides a splendid example of a country retreat built in the Shoin style that:
A) was based on elements different from older mansions of the nobility.
B) was based on elements from the Chinese Forbidden City.
C) embodied concepts from the Khmer tradition.
D) embodied concepts from the Zen tradition.
E) was based on elements from Greek architecture.
Q:
In Japanese houses, treasured objects are displayed using tokonoma, which refers to:
A) a gnarled piece of driftwood.
B) an alcove in the vestibule.
C) a delineated pool of water.
D) a concave mirror.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The plan of the Katsura Imperial Villa is best described as:
A) compact.
B) concentric.
C) linear.
D) pinwheel-like.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Discuss Chinese architectural principles as laid out in the Yingzao-fashi.
Q:
Discuss Chinese city-planning principles as exemplified by the Forbidden City of Beijing.
Q:
Which of the following is true of a typical Beijing house in the fifteenth century?
A) Entrance gates lacked any family crests and colorful decoration.
B) The walls in front of a house facing the street were low.
C) The construction restricted any subdivision of interior spaces.
D) Broad overhanging eaves sheltered verandas that limited internal space to the interior.
E) The entrance from the street was off axis.
Q:
Discuss the planning of the Ise Shrine and the precedents for its forms and elements.
Q:
Chinese residential construction using brick or adobe made possible:
A) low-relief sculpture on exterior walls.
B) underfloor flues to provide heat.
C) fortified masonry walls.
D) protected rooms such as ancient Greek cellas.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Compare and contrast Chinese and Japanese house types.
Q:
A distinctive feature of tulou houses in Hajing county is their:
A) hexagonal shape.
B) oval shape.
C) diamond shape.
D) circular shape.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
In eighteenth-century China, picturesque gardens were planned using:
A) Daoist principals.
B) multiple, intersecting axes.
C) Taihu principles.
D) rigid angular geometries.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Discuss the parts and organization of the stupa in Buddhist shrines, and explain how it was used for Buddhist religious practices.
Q:
Chinese religious traditions were based on animism, which refers to:
A) sacred animated movements.
B) a reverence for natural features such as trees, rocks, and hills.
C) the worship of sacred animals.
D) a reverence for all living things.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Daoist title I Ching translates to:
A) Book of Changes.
B) First Book.
C) Book of Things Chinese.
D) Book of Personal Insight.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Buddhist temple complexes were built with a hall for venerating images of the Buddha and a separate ________, or tower, erected over relics symbolic of the Buddha's presence.
A) pagoda
B) jian
C) katsuogi
D) minka
E) tatami
Q:
The Chinese modular unit is called the:
A) feng shui.
B) yin.
C) jian.
D) yang.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Pagoda bracket sets are:
A) symmetrical supports positioned like book-ends.
B) interlocking supports.
C) bases for finials.
D) used to support a roof overhang.
E) interlocking supports that both allow a roof to overhang.