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Architecture
Q:
Feng shui involves adjusting a building to:
A) particular features of a site and its microclimate.
B) local building materials.
C) local building regulations.
D) particular local customs.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The Kao Gong Ji is a:
A) philosophy of life.
B) palette of colors.
C) system of bracket sets.
D) treatise on city planning.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the Imperial and Forbidden cities of Beijing?
A) The Outer City and the Inner City were located in between the Imperial and Forbidden cities.
B) One could see the entire route to the city center from all points of the Imperial City.
C) At the heart of the Forbidden City was the Hall of the Sacred Mother.
D) The plan of the Imperial and Forbidden cities was interpreted as a supreme expression of Buddhist teachings.
E) An alternating sequence of gates and courts led to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City.
Q:
The fence around a stupa is called a:
A) nirvana.
B) chaitya.
C) verdica.
D) veronica.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The schematic plan for an ancient Chinese city typically incorporated:
A) a river for providing drinking water.
B) a grid that divided the city into blocks.
C) a pyramidal shrine in the center.
D) a sacred mountain at the edge of the city.
E) a cluster of markets in the city center.
Q:
The Hindu temple:
A) is organized around the garbhagriha.
B) is aligned on the cardinal points, representing the four corners of the earth.
C) symbolizes the sacred mountain.
D) includes a central vertical axis.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
In Beijing's Forbidden City, the emperor received visitors in the:
A) Imperial Garden.
B) Hall of Supreme Harmony.
C) Hall of Mental Cultivation.
D) State Meeting Hall.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Sculpted images at Hindu temples depicting sexual intercourse:
A) represent Tantric practices.
B) are vestiges of paganism.
C) symbolize the union of the human and the divine.
D) were forbidden by the tenth century.
E) represent Tantric practices and symbolize the union of the human and the divine.
Q:
Which of the following is true about most Hindu temples?
A) They have a major entrance that faces north.
B) They include forms that are symbolic of the sacred cave and the cosmic axis.
C) They have a large enclosed space for congregational worship.
D) They are encircled by a two-tiered ambulatory.
E) They have a bent-axis entry design that creates a swastika.
Q:
Compare the design and organization of the Brihadeshvara Temple at Tanjore to that of the temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.
Q:
Discuss the influence of Buddhist traditions on the architecture of early Hindu temples.
Q:
Discuss the parts and organization of the stupa in Buddhist shrines, and explain how it was used for Buddhist religious practices.
Q:
The Dharmaraja Ratha, Bhima Ratha, and Arjuna Ratha at Mahabalipuram are:
A) significantly influenced by the architecture of Buddhist shrines.
B) assembled from basalt blocks.
C) carved into the side of a mountain.
D) surrounded by concentric galleries and built on a pyramid base.
E) monolithic temples and cut from granite outcroppings.
Q:
A ratha is a:
A) type of mandala.
B) wheeled cart or chariot.
C) stone roof made to resemble thatch.
D) type of barrel vault.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Brihadeshvara Temple complex at Tanjore includes:
A) a great hall.
B) an entrance gateway, or gopura.
C) a main shrine, or garbhagriha.
D) a shrine of Chandeshvara.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The architecture of Angkor Wat is a fusion of:
A) Indian and Vietnamese traditions.
B) Indian religion and Khmer traditions.
C) Vietnamese and Khmer traditions.
D) Indian and Malaysian traditions.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Vedas contain:
A) the ten commandments of Hinduism.
B) hymns and prescriptions for rituals.
C) instructions for building a stupa.
D) instructions for laying out a Hindu city.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The origins of the stupa can be traced to:
A) symbolism of male and female genitalia.
B) Alexander the Great.
C) the desire to reach nirvana.
D) a simple mound of rubble and earth that was erected over relics.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The practice of circumambulation involved walking:
A) to a ring of pilgrimage sites.
B) around the bodhi tree.
C) in circles of ever-diminishing sizes.
D) around the village altar.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Chaityas are:
A) tree-like sculptures.
B) monasteries.
C) village memorials.
D) mounds of earth.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The bodhi tree is given significance in the Buddhist religion because:
A) its wood is used to build altars.
B) Buddha achieved enlightenment sitting under it.
C) Buddha used its branches to build his first altar.
D) Buddha was buried under one.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The Great Stupa at Sanchi includes a:
A) torana.
B) chatra.
C) harmica.
D) verdica.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Viharas were small Buddhist:
A) temples.
B) monasteries.
C) schools.
D) cemeteries.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The great cave temple at Karli:
A) was carved out of living rock.
B) contains a stupa at the end of an axis.
C) includes a nave and side aisles.
D) is entered through a vestibule with paired columns.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The colossal Buddha at Bamiyan was:
A) stolen by the Persians.
B) destroyed by the Taliban.
C) moved to higher ground when the Aswan dam was built.
D) lost during the Nazi takeover in the 1930s.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Most Hindu temple designs include forms that are symbolic of the:
A) mandala.
B) garbhagriha.
C) bodhi tree.
D) holy mountain.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Vishnu Temple at Bhitargaon is unusual for incorporating:
A) corbeled construction.
B) true-arch construction.
C) post-and-beam construction.
D) cyclopean stone construction.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneshwar?
A) The plan of the temple is an elaboration of the two-celled form.
B) The plan of the temple is similar to that of Buddhist shrines.
C) It is raised on a rectangular platform anchored by four small shrines at the corners.
D) Its domed top is cut from a single piece of granite in a form that resembles a Buddhist stupa.
E) It is one of the largest religious structures ever built.
Q:
In Southern India, Hindu temples featured:
A) walls with engaged columns or pilasters.
B) roofs with rounded finials.
C) massive gateway entrances.
D) multi-columned halls.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Typical of carved human figures at the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple in Khajuraho is:
A) an emphatic frontality.
B) the use of chiaroscuro.
C) the use of contrapposto.
D) a swaying S-shaped posture.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The site of the Greek city of Paestum:
A) was submerged under the sea by the Middle Ages.
B) was a tourist site during the Middle Ages.
C) became a pilgrim site during the Middle Ages.
D) became a monastery during the Middle Ages.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Buildings in the Athenian Agora and on the Athenian Acropolis were arranged to be viewed by groups passing through the Agora and entering into the Acropolis. Citing specific architectural experiences, discuss this movement sequence.
Q:
With reference to both politics and architecture, discuss the change from the Hellenic to Hellenistic periods in ancient Greece.
Q:
The Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations preceded that of ancient Greece. Compare the two on the basis of their cultural characteristics and their architecture and planning.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the ancient architecture in India and Southeast Asia?
A) There were very few structures erected for religious purposes.
B) Palaces were constructed of the most durable materials available.
C) There were influences of oriental cultures.
D) Houses were constructed of durable materials, such as stone and brick.
E) Temples were the primary buildings erected in durable materials.
Q:
The city of Mohenjo-Daro dates back to the:
A) fourth century BCE.
B) third century BCE.
C) first century BCE.
D) second century BCE.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the bouleuterion in the Athenian Agora?
A) It was built on a nearly square plan to accommodate the 500 senators who comprised the elected government of Athens.
B) It was a massive shrine dedicated to Zeus.
C) It was built on the top of the Agora Hill.
D) It was a small rectangular building with a colonnade and was built for the city's chief religious magistrate.
E) It was a temple dedicated to Hephaestus and Athena.
Q:
The linga and yoni consist of:
A) an upright stone with a concentric circle base.
B) concentric circles with trilithons.
C) an upright stone and a sacrificial pit.
D) a sacrificial pit and a trilithon.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the tholos at the Sanctuary of Asklepios?
A) Its entrance had a large pylon with floral decorations.
B) Its ceiling had ornate coffers with floral decorations.
C) Its external colonnade was composed of ten Ionic columns.
D) Its internal colonnade was composed of twenty Ionic columns.
E) Its internal arrangements are not clear from the excavations.
Q:
The major contribution to architectural history made by Greek architects and builders during the Archaic period was the temple, which was based on the design of the Mycenaean megaron so that its plan consists of a rear room, or ________.
A) opisthodomos
B) the naos
C) the tholos
D) the pronaos
E) bouleuterion
Q:
The influence of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period continued to spread east owing to:
A) the Battle of Marathon.
B) the conquests of Alexander the Great.
C) the Spartacist uprising.
D) the conquests of Phillip of Macedon.
E) the Persian Wars.
Q:
A tholos is:
A) a space beneath a dome.
B) an elaborate type of Corinthian capital.
C) a circular ring of columns.
D) a beehive tomb.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
At the Sanctuary of Asklepios, Kos, ________.
A) buildings were arranged orthogonally
B) a temple was placed inside an architectural precinct
C) the architect employed a central axis
D) the architect employed rising terraces
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
All of the following are part of the Greek theater EXCEPT:
A) a skene.
B) an orchestra.
C) Polykleitos.
D) a proskenion.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
All of the following are part of the Athenian Agora EXCEPT the:
A) Hephaisteion.
B) Stoa of Attalos.
C) Metroon.
D) Stoa of Zeus.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Hippodamus of Miletus became well known as:
A) a city planner.
B) a sculptor.
C) an orator.
D) an architect.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon is famous for its:
A) 40-foot-tall statue of Zeus.
B) 500-foot-long acropolis site.
C) 20-foot-tall Corinthian columns.
D) 300-foot-tall sculpted frieze.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The spiral motifs on the Ionic order seen on the north porch of the Erechtheion, Athens are called:
A) scotia.
B) volutes.
C) fillets.
D) cymations.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The slight outward curve of a column, which then tapers toward the top of the shaft, as seen in the Doric columns in the Temple of Hera is called:
A) a tholos.
B) antis.
C) entasis.
D) an architrave.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The edge of a Greek column flute is called:
A) an echinus.
B) an arris.
C) a pentel.
D) a ridge.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The two B-shaped stone blocks in Djoser's complex were implements for his:
A) ceremonial race.
B) sacrifice of ceremonial animals.
C) wedding ceremony.
D) priests to use in locating the planet Venus.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Access to the Athenian Acropolis is made through the:
A) Propylaea.
B) pronaos.
C) proactiva.
D) naos.
E) pronaos and proactiva.
Q:
The outer layer of Egyptian pyramids was typically made of:
A) basalt.
B) granite.
C) sandstone.
D) dolerite.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The pediment sculpture from the Parthenon depicts the:
A) birth of Athena.
B) victory of Athena over the Persian god Marathon.
C) contest between Athena and Poseidon.
D) contests between Athens and Sparta.
E) birth of Athena and the contest between Athena and Poseidon.
Q:
Compare and contrast the planning and construction of Stonehenge and the Newgrange passage grave in County Meath, Ireland.
Q:
In a Greek temple, the platform from which columns rise is called the:
A) metope.
B) stylobate.
C) epistodomus.
D) gable.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The ancient Egyptians saw life as a journey, somewhat like a trip down the Nile. As a metaphor for this journey, they created sequential architectural experiences. Discuss the sequences found in a pyramid complex or the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut or the Great Temple of Amun.
Q:
Compare the construction materials and methods employed at an Egyptian pyramid to those at a Mesopotamian ziggurat.
Q:
The palace at Knossos was excavated by:
A) Howard Carter.
B) Heinrich Schliemann.
C) Sir Arthur Evans.
D) Lord Elgin.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Minoan columns are unusual because the shafts:
A) are only partially fluted.
B) flare from bottom to top.
C) were painted with frescoes.
D) mimic bundles of reeds.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The walls at Mycenae display:
A) attached columns.
B) cyclopean masonry.
C) limestone veneer.
D) fresco paintings.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The Mycenaean megaron includes:
A) a domos.
B) a central entrance on one side.
C) a prodomos.
D) an anteroom.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The Treasury of Atreus includes a beehive-shaped chamber made of:
A) trilithons.
B) corbeled stones.
C) true arches.
D) randomly coursed stones.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Columns in the plane of a wall and often between antae are called:
A) in antis columns.
B) stylobate columns.
C) peripteral columns.
D) intercolumnations.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
All of the following are part of the entablature EXCEPT:
A) a cornice.
B) a frieze.
C) metopes.
D) an architrave.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Peculiar to the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassai are:
A) sculpted lion-capital columns in the pronaos.
B) Ionic columns projecting from the interior walls of the cella.
C) twenty-six Doric columns in the external colonnade.
D) multiple Corinthian columns in the cella.
E) fourteen freestanding Corinthian columns in the inner circular colonnade.
Q:
The White Temple of Uruk was called so because its exterior was:
A) covered with white marble.
B) dedicated to the white river god.
C) whitewashed.
D) surrounded by white sand.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Access to the ziggurat at Ur was made possible by:
A) a flight of stairs.
B) multiple ramps.
C) a single bridge.
D) an armada of boats.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Serdabs were small chambers for spirit offerings in:
A) mastabas.
B) pyramids.
C) the Sphinx.
D) Persia.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The palace at Khorsabad was organized by means of:
A) courts.
B) axes.
C) sequential gateways.
D) terraces.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
The designer of the first pyramid for Djoser's funerary complex was:
A) Djoser.
B) Alexander the Great.
C) Senmut.
D) Imhotep.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Ancient Egyptian architecture is characterized by the use of obelisks, which refer to:
A) unique double-headed capitals carved in the form of bulls and lions.
B) stone columns that support wooden roof beams.
C) sculpted animal motifs.
D) small terracotta cones.
E) pyramid shapes at the top of stone shafts.
Q:
The Djoser pyramid was unique in the Old Kingdom in that it was:
A) extremely steeply pitched.
B) covered with glazed brick.
C) located on an island.
D) double-sloped.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
The trio of large pyramids at Giza are the work of:
A) Mentuhotep, Khufu, and Khafra.
B) Cheops, Chepren, and Hatshepsut.
C) Cheops, Chepren, and Djoser.
D) Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.
E) Mentuhotep, Hatshepsut, and Djoser.
Q:
The pyramid complex in Giza, Egypt, included:
A) a valley temple.
B) a causeway to the valley temple.
C) a mortuary temple.
D) a causeway to the mortuary temple.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Middle Kingdom tombs at Dier-el-Bahari include that of:
A) Mentuhotep II.
B) Queen Hatshepsut.
C) Beni-Hasan.
D) King Djoser.
E) Thutmose II.
Q:
The dominant elements at Queen Hatshepsut's temple are:
A) pylon gates.
B) colonnades.
C) pyramids.
D) obelisks.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Q:
Hypostyle halls were lit by:
A) skylights.
B) colonnades.
C) courtyards.
D) clerestory windows.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the funerary complex of Queen Hatshepsut?
A) The overall design was doubtless inspired by the trio of large pyramids in Giza.
B) The faades of the temple were articulated by buttressing pilasters.
C) Unique double-headed capitals carved in the form of bulls and lions were present in the temple.
D) Mud-brick walls and a post-and-lintel timber framework enclosed rectangular spaces in the complex.
E) The overall design of the complex was inspired by the neighboring temple of Mentuhotep.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Acropolis in Tepe Gawra, Sumer (Iraq)?
A) Its major buildings formed a B-shaped closed court.
B) The building was erected in a valley and it reflected its insignificance to the society.
C) The faades of its courts were articulated by buttressing pilasters.
D) Its walls were made of red granite and surrounded by obelisks.
E) There were massive columns and obelisks on the path leading to the building.