Q&A Hero

Q: The natural world is simply the canvas on which an artist creates their earthwork. Nature has no effect on the earthwork, even after the artist has finished the artwork.

Q: What method of sculpture is the artist using when they assemble component parts in order to create an artwork? a. construction d. bending b. casting e. repouss c. carving

Q: This group of Soviet artists created an entire art movement out of the process of assembling artworks. a. Constructivists d. Social Realists b. Dadaists e. Cubists c. Fauves

Q: This Constructivist artist, originally named Naum Neemia Pevsner, studied physics, mathematics, and engineering in college. a. Gabo d. Durant b. Duchamp e. Hirst c. Michelangelo

Q: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, by Damien Hirst, is an example of the broad range of materials that can be used in a work of art. It presents a ________ suspended in a tank of formaldehyde. a. shark d. buffalo b. lamb e. sword c. pine tree

Q: Match the photographic term with its definition: a. image that reverses the tones of light and dark b. using photographs to tell a news story c. a collage made of photo-based images and text, usually photographed or scanned so it can be reproduced d. image that matches the appearance as the human eye would see it e. photographic process that replaces highly toxic developer to make darkroom chemistry more environmentally friendly f. the person, place, or thing photographed positive

Q: What method of sculpture is the artist using when he or she gathers objects and fabricates them into an artwork? a. assemblage d. bending b. casting e. repouss c. carving

Q: This African-American artist created the work The Liberation of Aunt Jemima (2.4.18) from an assemblage of found objects. a. Betye Saar d. Faith Ringgold b. Kara Walker e. Elizabeth Catlett c. Edmonia Lewis

Q: Objects found or already existing outside of the context of art, which are used as component parts in a work or to create an entire sculpture, are called ________. a. readymades d. earthworks b. weaving e. lost-wax c. casting

Q: An artist cannot turn a trash can into a readymade artwork.

Q: This earthwork, constructed by the prehistoric inhabitants of North America, is located in Ohio. a. Great Serpent Mound d. Pyramid of the Moon b. Old Faithful e. Pyramid of the Sun c. Cahokia Mounds

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Julia Margaret Cameron

Q: This American artist created a large earthwork titled Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah in 196970. a. Robert Smithson d. Damien Hirst b. Marcel Duchamp e. Naum Gabo c. Susan Durant

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Ansel Adams

Q: The name of this bronze-casting process relies on a modeled original form made from a pliable material. This method is known as ________. a. lost-wax casting d. cotton stretching b. clay bonding e. gobbing c. gum molding

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Sally Mann

Q: Over time, exposure to the elements can add this surface coloration to metals. It can also be created with the use of chemical preparations. a. patina d. shingling b. glaze e. repouss c. flashing

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Lewis Wickes Hine

Q: Sculptures created using this method often require the movement of large amounts of soil from one location to another. a. earthworks d. chiseling b. casting e. readymades c. constructing

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Sandy Skoglund

Q: The medium of Valley of the Shadow of Death is ________. a. the Crimean War d. black-and-white photograph b. 1855 e. Roger Fenton c. color photograph

Q: Wood is not strong enough to create freestanding sculptures more than about four feet tall.

Q: Sally Manns photograph The New Mothers was made ________. a. in black and white d. as a photomontage b. in color e. all of the other answers c. using digital enhancement

Q: Artists who model forms using soft, pliable materials, such as clay or wax, sometimes employ this kind of support when creating their work. a. an armature d. a patina b. a kiln e. a chisel c. calipers

Q: Contemporary photographer Edward Burtynsky intends his Manufacturing series to make viewers think about human actions leading to ________. a. famine d. protests b. war e. none of the other answers c. an impact on the environment

Q: Compare the documentary approaches of Lewis Wickes Hine in Ten Year Old Spinner (2.8.13) and Edward Burtynsky in Manufacturing #17, Deda Chicken Processing Plant (2.8.26). What did each photographer try to record? Considering the subject matter of each image, what has been included and what left out?

Q: This sculpting process involves adding a liquid or pliable material to a mold. a. casting d. earthworks b. chiseling e. readymades c. constructing

Q: Match the photographer with a description of his or her work: a. photographed her family members in both fictional and factual settings b. makes brightly colored tableaux using elaborate scenery sculptures c. known for very detailed landscape photographs of the American West d. worked for the FSA making documentary pictures of the Great Depression era e. used photographs to expose the unsafe and inhumane working conditions in factories, which eventually led to the establishment of Child Labor Laws in the US f. used soft-focus in her portraits and figure studies to suggest poetic and spiritual meanings Dorothea Lange

Q: Ancient Greek sculptors sometimes created cast sculptures from ________, an alloy of copper and tin. a. bronze d. aluminum b. silver e. brass c. steel

Q: Stephen Marcs UntitledPassage on the Underground Railroad explores African-American history, but the photograph itself displays none of the principles of art, such as rhythm or variety.

Q: Michelangelo planned a grand sculptural scheme for the tomb of ________, although it was never completed. a. Pope Julius II d. Emperor Constantine b. King Henry VIII of England e. Cosimo de Medici c. King Francis I of France

Q: Color photographs could be made from the time that the first photographic processes were invented.

Q: The wooden statue of the Hawaiian war god Ku-kaili-moku (2.4.7) was created using this method of sculpting: a. carving d. constructing b. casting e. earthworks c. modeling

Q: The Steerage by Alfred Stieglitz depicts ________. a. passengers on a steam ship d. new machinery b. child laborers e. World War I c. a mother and her children

Q: When an artist is using the subtractive method of carving in stone, it makes no difference whether or not the intended final shape extends beyond the dimensions of the original stone.

Q: Garry Winogrand frequently posed his subjects and arranged the composition of his photographs before taking them.

Q: What is one of the main reasons that the creation of the Olmec colossal heads is so impressive? a. they are lifelike individual portraits b. they were created without metal tools c. they can be seen from space d. they were done by children e. all of the other answers

Q: What is it called when a photographer chooses to make a photograph look candid and spontaneous? a. studio style d. digital manipulation b. snapshot aesthetic e. quick-capture c. photomontage

Q: The Olmec Baby Figure (2.4.6) was created using both additive and subtractive sculpting techniques in a material called kaolin, a fine, white __________. a. clay d. metal b. stone e. none of the other answers c. wood

Q: Hannah Hch was part of a movement known as ________. a. Realism d. Futurism b. Cubism e. Romanticism c. Dada

Q: Michelangelo believed ________ to be the finest and most challenging of all the visual arts. a. sculpture d. digital art b. painting e. architecture c. drawing

Q: UntitledPassage on the Underground Railroad digitally combines: a. the work of two different photographers b. sculpture and photography c. images from the past and present d. images of trains and airplanes e. none of the other answers

Q: The carving technique Michelangelo used for his sculpture Awakening Slave makes the figure appear to be permanently trapped within the stone.

Q: Loretta Lux digitally manipulates such elements as ________ to create the effect she wants in her pictures. a. backgrounds d. color b. proportion e. all of the other answers c. scale

Q: Which of these is not an additive process of sculpting? a. chiseling d. constructing b. casting e. earthworks c. modeling

Q: What was the subject of the exhibition Here is New York: A Democracy of Photographs? a. September 11, 2001 b. the Civil War c. US Supreme Court decisions d. Hurricane Katrina e. all of the other answers

Q: If a sculptor wanted to create a relief that was visible from more than one angle, bas-relief would be a good method to use.

Q: When a sculpture is designed to be viewed from one side, and protrudes dynamically from its background plane or is carved with deeply incised marks, this is called ________. a. high relief d. freestanding b. bas-relief e. placid design c. in the round

Q: Compare the approaches to photojournalism represented by Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother (2.8.9) and Steve McCurrys Magician, Rajasthan, India (2.8.15). What did each photographer choose to photograph? What are the circumstances surrounding each picture? How does the appearance of the photograph contribute to its underlying meaning?

Q: If an artist wanted to create a relief in which a tree appeared further away than a park bench, carving the park bench more deeply (in high relief) would achieve this effect.

Q: When did it become common for photographs to be collected in major fine arts museums? a. 1860s d. 1980s b. 1900 e. none of the other answers c. 1950s

Q: This nineteenth-century British sculptor, who created the Memorial to King Leopold of the Belgians in a church in Esher, England, was a favorite sculptor to the British royal family. a. Susan Durant d. Naum Gabo b. Giambologna e. Antony Gormley c. Michelangelo

Q: In his photograph Two Ways of Life, Oscar Gustav Rejlander employed methods that emulated the process of ________. a. painting d. the silhouette machine b. coloring books e. digital art c. encyclopedias

Q: Which of these is not a subtractive method of sculpting? a. casting d. sawing b. carving e. drilling c. chiseling

Q: In freestanding sculpture, the artist entices the viewer to move around the work by creating a series of changing ________. a. planes d. ideas b. colors e. materials c. textures

Q: In order for photojournalistic news photos to be effective they need to be seen as ________. a. fun d. surrealistic b. colorful e. none of the other answers c. truthful

Q: If the intention of Giambolognas Rape of a Sabine was to show off Florentine political might, then a large-scale sculpture in the round was a good choice as it can be displayed to many people.

Q: Photographer Lewis Wickes Hine went undercover in factories and mines to expose the injustices of child labor.

Q: Sculptural monuments were important forms of public relations, as well as a source of civic pride. Giambolognas Rape of a Sabine was intended to communicate the growing power and influence of Florence in a dynamic and beautiful way. Can you think of other circumstances where a sculpture has been used to support the power of community or a community leader? Do you know of any contemporary sculptures or memorials that serve a similar purpose to Bolognas work?

Q: The photographer of Afghan Girl was able to locate the girl many years later by using ________ as a means of identification. a. the original photograph as a wanted poster b. iris patterns from the original photograph c. voice recordings made during his earlier interview d. Facebook e. all of the other answers

Q: The sculptural process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called ________. a. bas-relief d. freestanding b. high relief e. pinch c. in the round

Q: Another name for freestanding sculpture is ________. a. in the round d. dynamic presence b. bas-relief e. modeling c. high relief

Q: One of the earliest surviving photographs is a still life by Daguerre, featuring: a. words, pictures, and tree bark, on a table b. grapes, sculptures, and a mirror, in a bowl c. plaster casts, a framed picture, and a wine flask, by a window d. books, flowers, and a water jar, in a library e. vegetables, musical instruments, and plates, on a shelf

Q: Unlike freestanding sculpture, this type of sculpture is created to be viewed from one side only. a. relief d. modeling b. in the round e. oast c. dynamic presence

Q: The American photographer Edward Weston focused closely on the subject of his Pepper No. 30, making the viewer concentrate on the ________ and ________ of the vegetable. a. color . . . vibrancy d. stalk . . . leaf b. form . . . texture e. all of the other answers c. smell . . . taste

Q: The final step in developing a film in a darkroom is washing and drying the print.

Q: Which of the following statements is true of the Caffenol process? a. it reduces the environmental toxicity of darkroom photography b. the ingredients are available at most grocery stores c. the process was created by Dr. Scott A. Williams and his students d. it can be used to develop both negatives and prints e. all of the above

Q: Photographic portraits can never be poetic or introspective.

Q: Printmaking is a process-oriented art form. The artist must be methodical and determined to get the best results. Which of the processes discussed would allow the most spontaneity? Which seems the most rigid and elaborate? Which process would you use to create a self-portrait that expresses your personality? Why?

Q: Which of the following photographers is best known for making portraits? a. Nadar d. Hannah Hch b. Anna Atkins e. Ansel Adams c. Abelardo Morell

Q: Julia Margaret Cameron accidentally created soft-focus photographs.

Q: When she made the photograph called Migrant Mother, Dorothea Lange: a. waited all day for the woman and her family to return to their camp b. first passed the pea-pickers camp, but decided to turn back to take pictures c. refused to let the prints be published d. used actors in a studio pretending to be migrants e. none of the other answers

Q: Which of these materials can be used to create a sculpture? a. wax d. ice b. stone e. all of the other answers c. plastic

Q: Discuss the idea that certain photographs can become so familiar that they are deemed icons. What makes a particular picture iconic? Think about famous photographs that might come under this title. What are their similarities? Does the reason they are so famous have to do with the artist, or another factor?

Q: All sculptures have this characteristic in common: a. they exist in three-dimensional space b. they are made of solid materials c. they are meant to last for many years d. they are created for beauty e. all of these answers

Q: Landscape photographs, such as those taken by Ansel Adams, help raise awareness about: a. road safety and traffic rules for travelers b. historical events on East Coast battlefields c. how to find the best apple trees at Baxter Farms d. natures grandeur and the wilderness of the American West e. how to find water in the desert

Q: Match the artwork with its medium: a. mezzotint d. engraving b. silkscreen e. aquatint c. woodcut Kitagawa Utamaro, Lovers in an Upstairs Room

Q: Match the early photographic innovator with his invention: a. daguerreotype c. cyanotype b. calotype John Herschel

Q: This type of print can be made using any print process, but with the intention of creating a unique image rather than an edition. a. monoprint d. relief b. intaglio e. etching c. linocut

Q: Images in a camera obscura can be recorded mechanically or chemically.